Transcript Trends in Business Data Communications Chapter Eleven

Business Data Communications
Chapter Eleven
Trends in
Business Data Communications
Primary Learning Objectives
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Understand the elements of convergence
Define unified messaging
Identify three leading wireless implementations
Describe IPv6
Name four emerging career areas
Elements of Convergence
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Convergence:
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The integration of data, voice, audio, and video
Carried seamlessly over the same infrastructure
Available from any location
Accessible from many types of devices
Compatible with many types of software platforms
Based on world-wide standards
Resulting in pervasive computing
Elements of Convergence
Pervasive computing
implies a technology so
widely accepted and
commonly used as to be
an every day aspect of
life, such as driving a car,
using a telephone, or
listening to the radio
Elements of Convergence
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SOAP – Small Personal Object Technology
SIP – Session Initiation Protocol
IM – Instant messaging
XML – Extensible Markup Language
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SAML – Security Assertion Markup Language
XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
Unified Messaging
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A possible next “killer application”
Is structured to deliver multiple message systems into one
common inbox
Allows for multiple message systems access from one
common portal
Is intended to simplify complex message systems delivery into
a single, integrated system:
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Fax
Land phone
Cell phone
E-mail
Web browser
Unified Messaging
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Can be tied or associated with database technology
Provides for speech-to-text capability
Provides for text-to-speech capability
Is designed to accommodate different
communication technologies, using different media,
and different devices
Must be flexible enough to accommodate traditional
services, such as PBX implementations
Unified
Messaging
Wireless Implementations
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Are another possible next “killer application”
Will be essential if applications such as IM and UM
are to meet their promise
Must address concerns related to security,
bandwidth, and standardization
Range from global, to local, to personal:
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3G
802.11
Bluetooth
Wireless Implementations –
3G, Global
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Third generation wireless:
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Evolved from 1G and 2G
Designed to support traditional as well as multimedia
forms of data
Provides for wide-area mobile communications using a
worldwide standard: Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS)
Is a broadband, packet-based wireless transmission
Provides for three types of data rates
Wireless Implementations –
3G, Global
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Data rates:
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Is capable of:
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144 Kbps for automotive
384 Kbps for pedestrian
2 Mbps for interior
Fixed and variable rate bit traffic
Bandwidth on demand
Multimedia mail storage and forwarding
Allows for various billing methods including:
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Pay-per-bit
Fixed flat rate
Wireless Implementations –
3G, Global
Summary of 1G to 4G
Wireless Implementations –
802.11, Local
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An umbrella standard of the IEEE containing, from
oldest to newest:
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802.11b
802.11a
802.11g
Positioned as a wireless LAN solution
Referred to as Wi-Fi, for wireless fidelity
Wireless Implementations –
802.11, Local
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802.11b
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The oldest of the 802.11 protocols
Operates in the 2.4 GHz range
Provides for three non-overlapping channels
Supports a maximum throughput of 11 Mbps per channel
Has a range of 328 feet
Is not compatible with 802.11a
Is compatible with 802.11g
Generally less expensive than 802.11a and 802.11g
Wireless Implementations –
802.11, Local
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802.11a
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Developed after 802.11b, even though it has an “a”
designation
Operates in the 5 GHz range
Provides for twelve non-overlapping channels
Supports a maximum throughput of 54 Mbps per channel
Has a range of 80 feet
Is not compatible with 802.11b
Is not compatible with 802.11g
Is generally more expensive than 802.11b but less
expensive than 802.11g
Wireless Implementations –
802.11, Local
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802.11g
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The latest of the 802.11 group
Operates in the 2.4 GHz range
Provides for three non-overlapping channels
Supports a maximum throughput of 54 Mbps per channel
Has a range of 328 feet
Is compatible with 802.11b
Is not compatible with 802.11a
Is generally more expensive than either 802.11b or
802.11a
Wireless Implementations –
802.11, Local
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Is associated with:
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WAP – Wireless Application Protocol
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WEP – Wired Equivalent Protocol
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An application environment for mobile devices
A platform-independent open standard
Utilizes WML, Wireless Markup Language
Intended as a wireless security solution
In practice, has proven easy to hack into
802.11i, a new IEEE wireless security protocol that
addresses the weak security issues related to WEP
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), a wireless security protocol
sponsored by Microsoft, Intel, Cisco, and Apple, also in
response to WEP’s weaknesses
Wireless Implementations –
Bluetooth, Personal
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Creates a personal area network (PAN)
Uses low-power radio transmissions
Transmits at 1 Mbps
Uses frequency hopping at 1,600 hops per second
for security
Particularly associated with such devices as
scanners, cameras, keyboards, mice, printers, etc.
Intended for wireless communication among
devices in close proximity – less than a 1,000 feet
Wireless Implementations
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Hot spots:
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Locations where roaming users find wireless access for
Internet connectivity
Generally requires users to pay a small fee
Can be “sniffed” out, or in many cases located on the
WWW
War driving
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Associated with hackers in vehicles sniffing out wireless
access points for unauthorized network penetration
IPv6
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Will gradually replace IPv4
Is also called IPng for Internetworking Protocol,
next generation
Provides for 128 bit addressing, referred to as
hexadecimal colon notation
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DA3F:38C7:1934:EC8B:5671:0000:A690:21ED
Allows for three addressing types:
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Unicast
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Multicast
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Includes the Unspecified and Loopback addresses
Requires subscription
Anycast
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For packets with the same header prefix
IPv6
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Defines a packet with three potential components:
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A required header, fixed at 40 bytes
An optional extension header
The message, or payload
By design provides for and incorporates:
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Prioritization of packets
Handling for multimedia types of data
Encryption
Authentication
Significant flexibility in addressing design
IPv6
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Transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6:
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Dual stack
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Devices run both protocol stacks
Tunneling:
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Intended for two IPv6 devices that must communicate
through an IPv4 network
Can be automatic or configured
For configured tunneling a router is the likely
mechanism for protocol translation
Header Translation
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Intended for IPv6 packets traveling through an IPv6 network,
but the receiver is ultimately an IPv4 device
Careers in Data Communications
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The traditional job ladder:
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Entry-level: help desk, PC technician, network technician
assistant
2nd-level: network technician, typically sent out in the
field to maintain, configure, and troubleshoot client
devices and also assist end-users
3rd-level: network architect/designer, helps the business
to design local networking solutions
4th-level: network administration, managing a staff with
departmental responsibilities, usually at a functional level
5th-level: upper management, assisting the business in
planning its strategic direction and how to meet those
goals
Careers in Data Communications
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Research shows a direct relationship between
formal education level achieved and potential
income earned
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The more you learn, the more you earn!
Popular career certifications, one means of
demonstrating technical mastery, include:
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A+
Network+
CCNA and CCNP
MCP and MCSE
CNA and CNE
Comptia - Vendor Neutral
Comptia - Vendor Neutral
Cisco
Microsoft
Novell
Emerging Careers in
Data Communications
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Predicted emerging career fields include:
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XML designers
Security specialists
Wireless technologists
IPv6 professionals
Each of the technologies we have covered in this
text (LANs, BNs, MANs, and WANs) has a host of
career opportunities and specializations
In Summary
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Pervasive computing is transforming what is meant
by data communications
Emerging applications include IM and UM
Wireless technologies are poised for wide-scale
implementation
IPv6 will gradually replace IPv4
Your career is waiting for you
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Good Luck!