Don’t Turn Back The Clock OPENING PLENARY: Kati Haycock, Director, The Education Trust
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Don’t Turn Back The Clock OPENING PLENARY: Kati Haycock, Director, The Education Trust The Education Trust, 2003 Where Are We Now? NAEP 4th Grade Reading All Students, 2002 100% 31 80% 60% 32 40% 36 20% 0% All Below Basic Basic Prof/Adv The Education Trust, 2003 By Race, Ethnicity 4th Grade Reading 2002 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 13 28 15 22 41 37 29 29 35 60 Black 56 Latino 33 Prof/Adv Basic Below Basic 49 Native 25 30 White Asian The Education Trust, 2003 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% By Family Income 4th Grade Reading 2002 17 42 30 35 Prof/Adv Basic Below Basic 54 23 Poor Not Poor The Education Trust, 2003 Where Are We Now? NAEP 8th Grade Mathematics All Students 2000 100% 26 80% 60% 38 40% 20% 35 0% Below Basic Basic Prof/Adv The Education Trust, 2003 NAEP 8th Grade Mathematics Race, Ethnicity 2000 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 5 27 9 12 34 31 40 38 68 Black 60 Latino 43 35 23 25 White Asian Prof/Adv Basic Below Basic 50 Native The Education Trust, 2003 Progress Over Time? The Education Trust, 2003 Average Reading NAEP Score Gaps Narrow 1970-88 NAEP Reading 17 Year-Olds 300 200 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 African American Latino White Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1999 Trends in Academic Progress (p. 107) Washington, DC: US Department of Education, August 2000 The Education Trust, 2003 Gaps Narrow 1973-86 NAEP Math Scores, 13 Year-Olds Average Scale Score 300 280 260 240 220 200 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 African American 1992 Latino 1994 1996 1999 White Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1999 Trends in Academic Progress (p. 108) Washington, DC: US Department of Education, August 2000 The Education Trust, 2003 Between 1988-90, that progress came to a halt…and gaps began to widen once again. The Education Trust, 2003 Average Reading NAEP Score Gaps Narrow, Then Hold Steady or Widen: NAEP Math Scores, 17 Year-Olds 350 32 20 250 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 African American Latino White Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1999 Trends in Academic Progress (p. 108) Washington, DC: US Department of Education, August 2000 The Education Trust, 2003 300 21 31 African American Latino 99 19 96 19 94 19 92 19 90 19 88 19 84 19 80 19 75 19 71 200 19 Average Reading NAEP Score After 1988, Gaps Mostly Widen NAEP Reading, 17 Year-Olds White Source: US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP 1999 Trends in Academic Progress (p. 107) Washington, DC: US Department of Education, August 2000 The Education Trust, 2003 AT END OF HIGH SCHOOL? The Education Trust, 2003 African American and Latino 17 Year Olds Do Math at Same Levels As White 13 Year Olds 100% 0% 200 250 White 8th Graders Latino 12th Graders Source: NAEP 1999 Long Term Trends Summary Tables (online) 300 350 African American 12th Graders The Education Trust, 2003 African American and Latino 17 Year Olds Read at Same Levels as White 13 Year Olds 100% 0% 150 200 White 8th Graders Latino 12th Graders 250 300 350 African American 12th Graders Source: Source: NAEP 1999 Long Term Trends Summary Tables (online) The Education Trust, 2003 ADD IT ALL UP... The Education Trust, 2003 Of Every 100 White Kindergartners: 93 Graduate from high school 65 Complete at least some college 33 Obtain at least a Bachelor’s Degree (25-to 29-Year-Olds) Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. March Current Population Surveys, 1971-2001, in The Condition of Education 2002. The Education Trust, 2003 Of Every 100 African American Kindergartners: 87 Graduate from High School 50 Complete at Least Some College 18 Obtain at Least a Bachelor’s Degree (25-to 29-Year-Olds) Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. March Current Population Survey, 1971-2001, In The Condition of Education 2002. The Education Trust, 2003 Of Every 100 Latino Kindergartners: from 63 Graduate high school at least 32 Complete some college 11 Obtain at least a Bachelor’s Degree (25-to 29-Year-Olds) Source: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. March Current Population Surveys, 1971-2001, In The condition of Education 2002. The Education Trust, 2003 College Graduates by Age 26 Young People From High Income Families 60% Young People From Low Income Families 7% Source: Tom Mortenson, Research Seminar on Public Policy Analysis of Opportunity for Post Secondary, 1997. The Education Trust, 2003 Some education “leaders” are talking about the challenges in closing these gaps one way…… The Education Trust, 2003 “Requiring every group of students in every school to be proficient within 12 years, is like asking every kid to jump the Grand Canyon.” –educator, Connecticut June 10, 2002 Associated Press The Education Trust, 2003 "President Bush often talks about every child reading by the end of third grade. It's like saying every child needs to talk at nine months. It's ridiculous." Yetta Goodman, a University of Arizona education professor, The Arizona Republic, 6/2/03 The Education Trust, 2003 "It is so inflexible. If any group of kids fails to meet the standard, the whole school is labeled as failing.” –suburban superintendent (used to doing extremely well under old system of averages) The Education Trust, 2003 Even if schools are doing extremely well, they can be cited for poor performance if designated groups of students or minorities do not meet annual expectations two years in a row. Under this standard it is theoretically possible to have sanctions imposed on schools in our state where there are dozens of Illinois state scholars.” – Larry Vigon, Local School Council teacher representative (Chicago) in a letter to the Chicago Tribune, 8/26/03 The Education Trust, 2003 "I have difficulty with the standards because they're so unattainable for so many of our students . . . We just don't have the same kids they have on Long Island or Orchard Park.” –Superintendent, New York October 21, 2002, The Buffalo News The Education Trust, 2003 "If a school has five subgroups (of students) and four do well, but one fails, the entire school is a failure. We don't think that's fair.” Reg Weaver, President of the NEA, Whittier Daily News, 5/24/03 The Education Trust, 2003 “They may as well have decreed that pigs can fly . . . I think the State Board of Education is dealing with reality, not myth. Some of these politicians just have their heads in the sand.” -Wayne Johnson, CTA President Los Angeles Times August 6, 2002 The Education Trust, 2003 “If we could do it, we already would have.” -- Peter Gutierrez, assistant superintendent of the Hollister School District, Hollister Free Lance (CA), 4/30/03 The Education Trust, 2003 Think about the messages in what they say… To parents…about whose kids matter; To students…about how much educators think they can learn; and, To teachers…about whether they even have to try. The Education Trust, 2003 Myths and Realities The Education Trust, 2003 #1. Poverty has a bigger effect than anything that educators can ever do. The Education Trust, 2003 Poverty vs. Achievement in Kentucky Elementary Schools 100 Source: Education Trust analysis of data from Elementary Math Percentile Score 90 National School-Level State Assessment Score Database 80 (www.schooldata.org). 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent FRPL The Education Trust, 2003 Poverty vs. Achievement in Kentucky Elementary Schools 100 Source: Education Trust analysis of data from Elementary Math Percentile Score 90 National School-Level State Assessment Score Database 80 70 (www.schooldata.org). 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent FRPL The Education Trust, 2003 Poverty vs. Achievement in Kentucky Elementary Schools 100 Source: Education Trust analysis of data from Elementary Math Percentile Score 90 National School-Level State Assessment Score Database 80 70 (www.schooldata.org). 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent FRPL The Education Trust, 2003 Poverty vs. Achievement in Kentucky Elementary Schools 100 Source: Education Trust analysis of data from Elementary Math Percentile Score 90 National School-Level State Assessment Score Database 80 70 (www.schooldata.org). 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent FRPL The Education Trust, 2003 Samuel W. Tucker Elementary 68% African American and Latino Alexandria, VA 53% low-income In 2002, outperformed 92% of VA elem. schools in reading and 86% in math. % 3rd-5th graders meeting state standard (2003) Outperformed 2/3 of VA elem. schools in both reading and math for two years in a row (2001-2). African American 100% Latino White 93% 92% 83% 85% 84% 76% 75% 50% 25% 0% Math English/Language Arts Source: Virginia Department of Education The Education Trust, 2003 David D. Jones Elementary 69% African American and Latino Greensboro, NC 58% low-income On average, outscored 83% of GA elementary schools in 2002. 94% of African American 5th graders met the state standard in math in 2002.. % 5th graders meeting state standard in math African American 100% 100% 89% White 94% 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% Source: The Education Trust, Dispelling the Myth Online 2001 2002 The Education Trust, 2003 West Manor Elementary Atlanta, GA 99% African American. 2000 80% low-income Outscored 98% of GA elementary schools in 2nd grade reading in 2002. Outperformed 90% of GA elementary schools in 2nd grade math in 2002. % 4th graders meeting state standard in reading 100% 75% 2002 90% 68% 50% 25% 0% Source: The Education Trust, Dispelling the Myth The Education Trust, 2003 St. James Gaillard Elementary 99% African American and Latino. 87% low-income Outperformed 97% of SC elem. schools in 3rd grade math in 2002. Outperformed 82% of SC elem. schools in 4th grade reading in 2002. % 3rd graders meeting state standard in math Eutawville, SC 1999 80% 2002 64% 60% 40% 21% 20% 0% Math Source: The Education Trust, Dispelling the Myths Online The Education Trust, 2003 93% African American. 83% low-income 100% of seniors in the first two graduating classes were accepted to four-year colleges and universities. % class of 2002 passing Regents Exam The Young Women’s Leadership School of East Harlem, New York NYC average 97% 100% TYWLS 78% 75% 61% 58% 50% 25% 0% English/LA Math Source: TYWLS Web site and New York State Department of Education and NYC Public Schools, 2001-2 Annual School Report. The Education Trust, 2003 YES College Prep 96% African American. 85% lowincome 100% of seniors in the first two graduating classes were accepted to at least two colleges and universities. % students passing state test in 2002 (grades 6-8 and 10) Houston, TX 100% 99% 99% 100% 100% Reading Writing Math Social Studies 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Source: YES College Prep Web site and Texas Education Agency The Education Trust, 2003 Of course, poverty is a barrier. And it doesn’t help to imply otherwise. But what’s clear from these schools, is that it is a barrier that can be overcome. The Education Trust, 2003 #2. Perhaps we could narrow the gap, but given all those advantages, we’ll certainly never close it. The Education Trust, 2003 Sycamore Elementary School 37% African American and Latino. Kokomo, IN 62% low-income African American Closed BlackWhite 3rd grade reading gap. 100% % 3rd graders meeting state standard in math (2002) Increased African American 3rd graders meeting state standard in math by 55 percentages points between 2000 and 2002. White 79% 78% 75% 50% 25% 0% Source: Indiana Department of Education The Education Trust, 2003 Lincoln Elementary School 69% African American and Latino Mount Vernon, NY 49% low-income Has outperformed nearly ¾ of NY elem. schools in both math and English for three years in a row. In 2002, outscored 98% of NY elem. schools in math and 99% in English. % 4th graders meeting state standard (2003) African American 100% 98% 100% 100% Latino 98% White 100% 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% Math English/Language Arts Source: Ed Trust. Dispelling the Myth Online and New York State Department of Education. Overview of School Performance In English Language Arts, Mathematics, and Science and Analysis of Student Subgroup Performance for Lincoln School. April 10, 2003 The Education Trust, 2003 South Scotland Elementary Laurinburg, NC 47% African American and Native American. Over 80% of both African American and Native American 4th graders met state standard in math in both 2001 and 2002. Closed reading gap between African American and White students in 2003. % 3rd-5th graders meeting state standard in reading 47% low-income African American Native American White 94% 100% 92% 82% 75% 50% 65% 42% 42% 25% 0% 1993 2003 Source: Data provided by South Scotland Elementary School The Education Trust, 2003 #3. There may be schools, but no school districts that get high performance from poor children or children of color. The Education Trust, 2003 The Education Trust, 2003 Aldine, TX: Raising Achievement for All While Narrowing Gaps Passing TAAS math test 100% 75% 50% 72% 55% 42% 25% 0% 1994 African American Latino White Source: Texas Education Agency-Academic Excellence Indicator System Report 1994 through 2001. The Education Trust, 2003 Aldine, TX: Raising Achievement for All While Narrowing Gaps 97% 96% 92% Passing TAAS math test 100% 75% 50% 72% 55% 42% 25% 0% 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 African American Latino White Source: Texas Education Agency-Academic Excellence Indicator System Report 1994 through 2001. The Education Trust, 2003 Houston Independent School District African American % passing state math test 100% 75% Latino White 97% 91% 89% 80% 50% 44% 41% 25% 0% 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Source: Texas Education Agency-Academic Excellence Indicator System Report 1994 through 2002The Education Trust, 2003 #4. There are certainly no whole states that are getting it right. The Education Trust, 2003 Black 4th Graders? Big Differences in State Performance NAEP MATH The Education Trust, 2003 Hispanic 4th Graders? Big Differences in State Performance NAEP MATH The Education Trust, 2003 Black 8th Graders: Big Differences in State Performance NAEP Math The Education Trust, 2003 4th Grade Math African American Gains Between 1992 and 2000 United States +13 North Carolina +25 Texas +21 Massachusetts +18 Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 4th Grade Math Latino Gains Between 1992 and 2000 United States +10 North Carolina +18 Texas +15 Mississippi +15 Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 8th Grade Math African American Gains Between 1990 and 2000 United States +9 (1) North Carolina +23 (2) Illinois +22 (3) Ohio +22 Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 8th Grade Math Latino Gains Between 1990 and 2000 United States +10 (1) North Carolina +51 (2) Ohio +33 (3) Maryland +28 Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 1998 NAEP Reading 10 Point Gap Between White and Latino Children 220 10 point gap= 1 year worth of learning 215 210 205 217 207 200 Latinos in Virginia Whites in California SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) The Education Trust, 2003 2002 NAEP Reading Now Latinos in Virginia are outperforming Whites in California 225 224 223 220 Latinos in Virginia Whites in California SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) The Education Trust, 2003 4th Grade Reading: Latinos in Virginia Perform as Well or Better Than Whites in 17 States Virginia Utah Idaho Wyoming Oregon New Mexico California Arkansas Kentucky Louisiana Tennessee Arizona Oklahoma West Virginia Hawaii Alabama Nevada Mississippi 224 224 224 224 223 223 223 222 222 221 220 220 220 220 219 218 218 218 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 Scale Score Source: NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2002 The Education Trust, 2003 #5. We might be able to make some improvements in “these” children, but it will take a decade or two. The Education Trust, 2003 Centennial Place Elementary Atlanta, GA 79% low-income Outscored 93% of GA elementary schools in 4th grade reading in 2002. Outscored 88% of GA elementary schools in 4th grade math in 2002. 2000 % 4th graders meeting state standard 92% African American and Latino 100% 2002 94% 94% 84% 75% 67% 61% 48% 50% 25% 0% Reading Math English/LA Source: The Education Trust, Dispelling the Myth Online The Education Trust, 2003 Longfellow Elementary School Mount Vernon, NY 92% low-income Outperformed 90% of NY elem. schools in math for two years in a row (2001-2). 4th In 2002, 93% of grade students met state standard in English. 1999 % 4th graders meeting state standard 100% African American and Latino 100% 2002 95% 93% 75% 47% 50% 25% 13% 0% English/Language Arts Math Source: The Education Trust, Dispelling the Myth Online The Education Trust, 2003 Long Beach Unified School District % elementary students meeting state standard in math 1999 2002 100% 81% 70% 75% 53% 50% 36% 25% 0% Low Income Students Non-Low Income Students Source: Research by the National Center for Educational Accountability The Education Trust, 2003 % 10th graders passing high school exit exam on first attempt Boston Public Schools 2000 2003 91% 100% 75% 50% 68% 32% 61% 70% 30% 25% 0% African American Latino White Source: Massachusetts Department of Education The Education Trust, 2003 % high school students meeting state standard in math Norfolk Public Schools 2000 2002 100% 67% 75% 50% 75% 81% 49% 25% 0% African American White Source: Research by the National Center on Educational Accountability The Education Trust, 2003 % elementary school students meeting state standard in math Garden Grove Unified School District 1999 2002 100% 80% 59% 50% 60% 40% 66% 30% 20% 0% Latino Source: Research by the National Center on Educational Accountability White The Education Trust, 2003 Delaware: Gains in Grade 4 Reading Outpace the Nation, 1998-2002 6 African American Gain 21 8 Latino Gain 4 White Gain 0 36 15 10 20 30 40 Change in Average Score Delaware United States Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 State Progress in Moving African American 8th Graders From Below Basic to at Least Basic Math 1990-2000 State % Below basic 1990 % Below basic 2000 Change 1990-2000 United States (1) Indiana 78% 68% -10% 77% 52% -25% (1) Ohio 83% 59% -25% (3) North Carolina (4) New York 82% 58% -24% 80% 56% -23% Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 State Progress in Moving Latino 8th Graders From Below Basic to at Least Basic Math 1990-2000 State % Below basic 1990 % Below basic 2000 Change 1990-2000 United States (1) North Carolina (2) Ohio 69% 60% -9% 90% 43% -46% 79% 42% -38% (3) Maryland 74% 43% -31% (4) Indiana 72% 43% -29% Source: USDOE, NCES, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Summary Data Tables The Education Trust, 2003 But look at how the system worked… The Education Trust, 2003 Abraham Lincoln Middle School Gainesville, Florida 31% White 59% African American 57% Low Income An “A” school under the Florida accountability model Source: Florida Department of Education, http://web.fldoe.org. The Education Trust, 2003 Achievement Gaps at Lincoln 2002-03 Reading 90 Percent Proficient 100 80 60 52 40 22 22 African Low American Income 20 0 All White AYP Target= 31% Source: Florida Department of Education, http://web.fldoe.org The Education Trust, 2003 Achievement Gaps at Lincoln 2002-03 Math Percent Proficient 100 88 80 60 48 40 15 16 African Low American Income 20 0 All White AYP Target= 38% Source: Florida Department of Education, http://web.fldoe.org The Education Trust, 2003 Alexis I du Pont High School Red Clay, Delaware 49% White 24% African American 21% Latino 31% Low Income Named “ One of America’s Best High Schools” by Newsweek Magazine Source: Delaware Department of Education, http://www.doe.state.de.us Newsweek Magazine, June 2, 2003 The Education Trust, 2003 87 100 80 60 40 20 0 66 43 32 e o ti c a L o w In L c ri A fr ic a n A m e W m n n a e it h A o 18 ll Percent Proficient Achievement Gaps at du Pont 2002-03 English/Language Arts AYP Target= 57% Source: Delaware Department of Education, http://www.doe.state.de.us The Education Trust, 2003 Achievement Gaps at du Pont 2002-03 Math Percent Proficient 100 80 60 66 51 32 40 20 19 22 Latino Low 0 All White African American Income AYP Target= 33% Source: Delaware Department of Education, http://www.doe.state.de.us The Education Trust, 2003 All NCLB Says is That These Schools Need to Improve Wouldn’t you agree? The Education Trust, 2003 Fortunately, other education leaders are talking about the same challenge in quite different ways… The Education Trust, 2003 "It means to me that all kids can learn, all kids can be successful, and that I will never ever lower my standard of expectations, because I know now in my heart that it's real." Ft. Worth Walton Elementary’s top Reading Teacher Vanessa Kemp re: Walton’s dramatically improved student reading levels, Reporter Matt Frazier, Ft. Worth Star Telegram, 10/24/03 The Education Trust, 2003 “At the end of the day, school districts have to make sure that all their schools are strong academically. It won't be easy, but it's doable. As educators, this is what we signed up for; this is the work that we have to do." Saginaw School District Superintendent Gerald Dawkins (MI), The Saginaw News, 4/13/03. The Education Trust, 2003 "There are people who'll say, 'Given that neighborhood a child is from, what do you expect.’ It's our job to say there are no excuses - that we have to address students' needs so they can achieve." Frank Tinney, director of standards, assessment and accountability in the Palm Springs Unified School District, The Desert Sun (Palm Springs, CA), 4/8/03 The Education Trust, 2003 "Until the gap is closed, our work is not done." Des Moines Superintendent Eric Witherspoon, Des Moines Register, 4/15/03 The Education Trust, 2003 "It's not that they are failing so much as we are failing…This shines a very bright light on something we have known for years but haven't been forced to deal with until now ---- that we have to close this massive gap if all of our students are going to succeed." Ken Noonan, Oceanside Unified School District Superintendent, North County Times (CA), 5/25/03 The Education Trust, 2003 "As you put in accountability, people pay more attention to what the expectations are. . . You're seeing a lot of things coming together and paying off for kids." Susan Agruso, assistant superintendent for instructional accountability for CharlotteMecklenburg, Raleigh News and Observer, 6/18/03 The Education Trust, 2003 “[McMillan] said the goals of NCLB may be lofty, but without, for example, President Kennedy’s lofty goal of putting a man on the moon, it would not have happened.” Houghton Lake Community Schools Superintendent Greg McMillan, Reporter Cheryl Holladay, Hougton Lake Resorter, 10/3/03 The Education Trust, 2003 “We have really blown that myth about high-poverty schools being low achievers out of the water. Economically deprived doesn't mean brain deprived.” Janie Moran, Principal Southern Hills, a high poverty school in Louisiana where all but one of their 48 4th grade student passed LEAP, Shreveport Times, 5/29/03 The Education Trust, 2003 “…this new era is not just a matter of kids having access to school… This new era is about how we're going to make sure all kids learn. Andy Tompkins, Kansas Department of Education Commissioner, Topeka Capital Journal, 7/8/03 The Education Trust, 2003 "Neither poverty nor race is an excuse. All children can rise to the standards and there are many schools in the data that you have to prove it.” –Rick Mills, Commissioner of Education, New York. March 28, 2002, New York Times The Education Trust, 2003 “With proper instruction, students here can blow other kids away in the humanities. The more you challenge them, the better they'll do.” –Dolores Edwards Sullivan, an English teacher in the predominantly African American Roosevelt school district, whose 11th graders are starting to earn higher marks on state Regents exams. The Education Trust, 2003 “Yes, parents may have the greatest impact on how their children come to us. But we have the greatest impact on how they leave us.” –Superintendent, North Carolina The Education Trust, 2003 Yes, this is going to be hard. But how we communicate will play a large role in whether people will even try. The Education Trust, 2003 The Education Trust For More Information . . . www.edtrust.org Washington, DC: 202-293-1217 Oakland, CA: 510-465-6444 The Education Trust, 2003