Transcript Duel For North America Instructor: Carol Jean Cox

Duel For North America
Instructor: Carol Jean Cox
Duel for North America
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The English/French Struggle
Indian Defense of Their Homelands
French & Indian War
Drawing The Color Line
Summary
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Duel for North America
The Thirteen Colonies in 1763
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Duel for North America
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The English/French Struggle
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New France
 Early French settlements on the St. Lawrence
expanded from Great Lakes to mouth of
Mississippi
 Small/hearty pop - soldiers/explorers
 north woods surrounding Great.Lakes
 log forts/trading posts in wilderness
 Population small yet unified by its Catholic
religion/social structure
 Exerted a strong military force
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Duel for North America
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The English/French Struggle
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New France
 1608 Champlain - St. Lawrence River
 Fort Frontenac, Quebec
 Port Royal - Nova Scotia
 1642 Montreal
 1713 - French pop 25,000
Death of Wolfe
(Library of Congress)
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Duel for North America
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The English/French Struggle
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New France
 Geography / poor soils & long winters
 Politics - forced emigration of surplus urban
labor from France
 Indians - not threatened by settlements
 compatible economic interests
 Catholic religion promoted the conversion
of Indians
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Duel for North America
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The English/French Struggle
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Four Inter-colonial wars with the French
 English colonies, though much more populous,
less homogeneous & united
 Wars largely as result of rivalries in Europe
 The last clash erupted over French
penetration into the Ohio Valley
 King William's War (1689-97)
 Queens Anne's War (1702-13)
(indecisive)
 King George's War (1744-48)
FRENCH THREATED TO HEM IN WESTWARD-MOVING
ENGLISH COLONISTS
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Duel for North America
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Indian Defense of Their Homelands
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Diversity/Dispersion/Divided
 totalitarianism - democratic
 caste systems/egalitarian
 warlike (Mohawks, Seminols),
 monotheistic (Manitou - "great spirit”) polytheistic
 urban (Pueblo of New Mexico) others rural
 500 languages
 50 languages families in North America
 3 languages groups in 13 colony territory
 no constant interaction with other tribes
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Duel for North America
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Indian Defense of Their Homelands
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New France and the Iroquois Nation
 France’s Colonial Empire
 The Powerful Iroquois Confederacy
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Duel for North America
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French & Indian War (1754-1763)
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Fought between the French and English
Fighting over furs, North Atlantic Fishing
control of the Ohio/Mississippi Valley and land
claims of New York and Virginia
Extension of the Seven Year War (origin in Europe)
French used Indians against the British & colonists
British fleet sent over to fight the war
Most American English Colonists don't care
about the war
 some send colonial militia - some don't
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Duel for North America
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French & Indian War (1754-1763)
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British triumphed despite lukewarm assistance
& sabotage from the some English colonials
Outcome of war
 expulsion of French from Canada
 England won Ohio Valley, Northwest Territory &
Canada
 widened rift between English Colonies &
Mother country !!
 Indians were the biggest losers
 Established English Control of the North
American Eastern Seaboard
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Duel for North America
1763
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Duel for North America
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Drawing The Color Line (Blacks)
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1619 1st Blacks to Jamestown as indentured servants
1650 restrictive laws began - limiting blacks to
servants only and later to slavery
 runaway problems of white servants & Indians
1670 Virginian law - servants for life/offspring too
1775 500,000 slaves
Vulnerability of Disunity
color difference = control
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Duel for North America





The English/French Struggle
Indian Defense of Their Homelands
French & Indian War
Drawing The Color Line
Summary
14
Duel for North America
Summary
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The Struggle for the Continent
 The Great War for the Empire
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Peace of Paris
Colonists are Apathetic
British Resentment
Disastrous Consequences for Native Americans
Blacks remain enslaved
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Duel for North America
Summary
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The New Imperialism
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Burdens of Empire
 Britain’s Staggering War Debt
 George III
 George Grenville
"A wise government knows how to enforce with temper,
or to conciliate with dignity“
- George Grenville
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Duel for North America
Summary
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The New Imperialism
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The British and the Tribes
 Failure of the
Proclamation of 1763
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Duel for North America
Summary
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The New Imperialism
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Battles over Trade and
Taxes
 Sugar, Stamp, and
Currency Acts
 Persistent Colonial
Grievances
The Thirteen Colonies in 1763
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Duel for North America
Summary
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Stirrings of Revolt
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“Virginia Resolves”
“Resolved therefore, That the general assembly of the colony,
together with his majesty or his substitute have in their
representative capacity the only exclusive right and power to levy
taxes and impositions on the inhabitants of this colony…”
- The Virginia Resolves
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Duel for North America





The English/French Struggle
Indian Defense of Their Homelands
French & Indian War
Drawing The Color Line
Summary
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

Struggle for the continent
British Imperialism
Stirrings of a revolt
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Duel For North America
Instructor: Carol Jean Cox