Transcript TEST REVIEW STUDY SHEET CHAPTER 2 SS8 ~ U.S. History Ms. Radebaugh

TEST REVIEW STUDY SHEET
CHAPTER 2
SS8 ~ U.S. History
Ms. Radebaugh
Leif Erickson ~ Viking explorer / First
European to arrive in North America
Amerigo Vespucci ~ Proved that North
South America were not part of Asia
Magellan ~ First to circumnavigate the
Earth
Pizzaro ~ Conquered the Incas / Captured
Atahualpa
DeSoto ~ Explored the Mississippi for
Spain
Coronado ~ Explored the Southwest U.S.
looking for cities of gold
Christopher Columbus ~ Thought he was
India
Balboa ~ Crossed the isthmus of Panama
& claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain
Cortes ~ Captured the Aztecs / Captured
Montezuma
Fr. Marquette & Joliet ~ Explored the
Great Lakes, Wisconsin, & the upper
Mississippi for France
Cabot, Cartier, Hudson ~ Were looking for
the Northwest Passage
Samuel de Champlain ~ Founded New
France
New Netherlands ~ Located on the
Hudson River
Aztecs ~ Lived in Central Mexico /
Tenochtitlan was the center of their empire
Creole ~ Spanish born in America
Spanish Armada ~ Defeated by the
English
Incas ~ Atahualpa was their emperor /
Lived in the Andes Mountains
New France ~ French fur traders / Quebec
Peninsular ~ Born in Spain / Highest
Spanish social class, ruling class
Mestizo ~ Half Indian half Spanish
Coureurs de bois ~ Runners of the woods
MERCANTILISM
European economic theory where it was believed the purpose of
colonies was to benefit the home country. Colonies supplied raw
materials & a market for finished products.
Columbian Exchange
A transfer of people, products & ideas between
hemispheres as a result of exploration.
How the Reformation & the defeat of the
Spanish Armada contributed to increased
exploration:
– King Henry VIII of England broke away from the
Catholic Church & started the Church of England.
– Protestants throughout Europe were looking for places
to worship freely.
– European nations were untrustworthy of each other and
became involved in alliances & wars.
– The English fleet defeating the Spanish Armada meant
that Spain lost control of the oceans. This changed the
balance of power in Europe & opened the seas & faraway lands to other countries for colonization
How the Spanish so easily defeated the
Indians:
– The Spanish had cannons, guns, armor, &
horses
– Many Natives thought they might be Gods
– Many of the Natives were dying with Smallpox
Motives of the Spanish as they
explored & conquered the lands of this
hemisphere:
– They were out for riches, glory, and to bring
God (Christianity) to the Natives.
The impact the Dutch & French had on
the Native Americans they had contact
with:
– They made trading alliances with the Natives
– Dutch w/ Iroquois & French w/ Huron
– Disease caused by contact with the
Europeans killed many Native Americans
– The over-trapping of animals weakened the
food chain on which the Natives depended
– As the fur-bearing animals disappeared, the
Natives were no longer of value for trading.
Instead, their lands became more valuable to
the colonists.