Transcript New World Beginnings

NEW WORLD
BEGINNINGS
BEGINNING OF TIME – 1769 C.E.
BELL RINGER
• What evidence exists that proves that there were
native peoples living in America prior to the
Europeans arriving?
• What does this evidence tell us about these
people?
• Where are these people most likely to settle? Are
there any geographic limitations?
OBJECTIVES
• Identify the role that geography has on native
peoples.
• Describe the purpose of exploring other lands and
what explorers hoped to find in a “new world”.
• Predict the influence that other cultures might have
on the native peoples.
SHAPING NORTH AMERICA
• Formation of mountain
ranges limits the native
peoples
• The Ice Age led to the
development of the
North American
landscape
• The discovery of Clovis
brings shocking
evidence
• Scattered evidence
leads us to question
• In what ways might
misconceptions about the
geography of the Americas
have influenced further
exploration and settlement
patterns?
HOW MANY WERE THERE?
• 15 million people in
Northern America
• The Aztecs and the
Incas taxed and
had record keeping
systems
• Historians are
beginning to
accept oral
traditions
THE EARLIEST AMERICANS
• The Aztecs were a
nomadic people that
came from
Tenochtitlan (Mexico
City)
• It would take a lot of
work to make the city
on a lake
• Aztecs were
recognized as having
an empire
THE EARLIEST AMERICANS
• The Incas came
from the Andes
Mountains
• Rose to power in
the 1400s
• Sophisticated
empirical structure
• Elaborate class and
government structure
THE EARLIEST AMERICANS
• The Anasazi had
elaborate road
networks and
irrigation systems
• Cahokia, W. Illinois
1150 Moundbuilders
• Several mounds with
elaborate structure
THE EARLIEST AMERICANS
• Natives tried to take
people hostage
• Gender roles – women
were important
• Rule by consensus
• Major contributions:
• Farming, technology,
math, religion,
government
• The “three sisters”
provided the necessary
nutrition for civilizations
to thrive
DISCOVERING AMERICA
• The first Europeans to
make it to America –
the Vikings
• The Norse men – led
by Eric The Red target
monasteries due to
wealth of the
churches
• 1960s research found
Viking discoveries in
Canada – first nonpermanent European
settlement
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• Knew of Marco Polo’s travels
in Asia
• Trading success in spices , silks
• Riches of the east stimulate
• Portuguese set the stage for
exploration, discover slavery
• Columbus persuades
Ferdinand and Isabella to set
sail
• Sent as a thank-offering
• Technology influences spread
of knowledge
• Columbus makes land fall in
October 1492 in the Bahamas
• Discovery stimulates a global
economic system
REVIEW
• What role did geography have on the settling of
native people?
• Why did European nations explore new lands?
• How will European nations influence the native
people?
ASSIGNMENT
• Define vocabulary at the end of the chapter
• Explain the role of the people at the end of the
chapter (write down one thing they contributed)
NEW WORLD
BEGINNINGS
BEGINNING OF TIME – 1769 C.E.
BELL RINGER
• During the 16th century all of the major countries of
Europe built empires by establishing colonies in the
New World. Write a description of how colonies
could provide wealth and power for these
European countries.
OBJECTIVES
• Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of
globalization.
• Describe the influence of European conquest on
the native people.
WHEN WORLDS COLLIDE
• The international economy is revolutionized through
the Columbian exchange
• Both the Old World and the New World benefit from
sharing ideas
• Diseases such as malaria, smallpox kill a large
percentage of Indians
• “The deadliest killers were microbes, not muskets.”
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
CONQUEST
• The Treaty of Tordesillas
establishes a Line of
Demarcation to divide
the “heathen lands”
• Spanish conquistadores
explore for “god, gold
and glory”
• Notable conquistadores:
• Ferdinand Magellan, Juan
Ponce de Leon, Francisco
Coronado
• Bullion is the new form of
currency, laying the
foundations of the modern
commercial banking
system
CONQUEST
• Capitalism helps stimulate
the spread of commerce
and manufacturing
• West Indies serves as a
testing ground,
encomienda
• Hernan Cortes uses
Malinche to understand
the Aztec culture
• After friendly interactions,
Tenochtitlan is destroyed
by Spanish rule
• Intermarriage led to a
new culture of mestizos
• “Who of those in future
centuries will believe this?
I myself who am writing
this and saw it and know
the most about it can
hardly believe that such
was possible.”
CONQUEST
• The Spanish colonies flourish
throughout the world
• To have dominion over the
land, the Spanish decide to
settle in North America
• Colonizing was an
opportunity to convert
natives into Christians
• Spanish lay claim to lands
out West including Texas
and California
• The Black Legend threatens
interactions between the
Spanish and the natives
REVIEW
• What role did geography have on the settling of
native people?
• Why did European nations explore new lands?
• How will European nations influence the native
people?
• In what ways did the New World and Old World
benefit each other? Drawbacks?
END OF CHAPTER DISCUSSION
QUESTION
• How did political, economic, and technological
developments in Europe between the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries influence exploration and
eventual conquest of the New World? Compare
and contrast how the European and New World
cultures influenced one another.
• ***Add this to your discussion questions for
tomorrow.
WHAT YOU CAN DO…
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American Dream paper
Vocabulary/People
Discussion Questions
Review