Transcript A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED DATABASE FOR PESTICIDES Fengyou Jia , Sonny Ramaswamy

A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED
DATABASE FOR PESTICIDES
Fengyou Jia1,2, Sonny Ramaswamy
Gamage Dissanayake3
[email protected]
1Department of Entomology, Kansas State University
2Department of Computing and Information Sciences, KSU
3Department of Communications – IET, Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
As You Know:
Pesticide application is one
of the important practices in
agricultural production.
Pesticide Usage
In Kansas State, USA
6,136 Pests (insects, weeds, and plant
diseases, …) in Kansas by 10/30/03
15,283 Pesticides (Products) registered in
Kansas by 10/30/03.
Source: http://nspirs.ceris.purdue.edu/htbin/PRLIST.COM
Pesticide Usage In Kansas (USA)
On average, it costs a farmer $10,000 annually in
pest control in Kansas
34,979 Farmers (Full time) in Kansas by 1997
Multi-million dollars spent annually in pest control
in Kansas
Growing business?
Paradox in plant protection
• Applying pesticides, people can survive
better from current pest stresses, but,
at the unfortunate cost of
• Deteriorating the environment we live
Human may achieve a better quality living
in sacrificing their descendant life
Why should we care about
Environment?
Time
Number of poaple are
deaf of heat waves
Extreme temperature
Critical point
50 Years?
100 Years?
1000 Years?
Current
Future
Advantages and disadvantages
• Benefits
……
• Problems





Is toxic to humans and domesticated animals
Kill non-targeted organisms
Disrupt eco-systems
Pollute the environment
……
Pesticide Residuals In Apple
Pesticide (Common name)
No
1
AZINPHOS-METHYL
2
CAPTAN
3
CARBARYL
4
CHINOMETHIONAT
5
CHLORPYRIFOS
6
MRL (µg/kg )
No
Pesticide (Common name)
MRL (µg/kg )
2000
18
LINDANE
500
25000
19
MALATHION
5000
20
METHIDATHION
200
21
OXAMYL
1000
22
PACLOBUTRAZOL
CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL
500
23
PARATHION
7
CYFLUTHRIN
500
24
PHOSALONE
8
CYHEXATIN
2000
25
PHOSMET
9
DICHLOFLUANID
5000
26
PHOSPHAMIDON
10
DIFLUBENZURON
1000
27
PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL
2000
11
DIMETHOATE
1000
28
PROPARGITE
5000
12
DIPHENYLAMINE
5000
29
PROPOXUR
3000
13
DODINE
5000
30
PYRAZOPHOS
1000
14
ETHEPHON
5000
31
THIABENDAZOLE
15
FENITROTHION
500
32
THIOPHANATE-METHYL
5000
16
HEXACONAZOLE
100
33
TRIFORINE
2000
17
HEXYTHIAZOX
500
34
…...
2000
500
2000
500
5
5000
10000
500
10000
1) Combination effect??; 2) Interaction among pesticides??
Source: http://apps1.fao.org/servlet/org.fao.waicent.codex.PesticideServlet
Special warning
Tumor related
Alachor
Aldrin
amitraz
Birth defect related
arsenic
Brodifacoum
arsenic acid
Bromadiolone
captafol
Chlorophacinone
chlordane
Cyanazine
chlordimeform
Dinocap
diclofop-methyl
Diphacinone
EDB
Pindone
formaldehyde
Warfarin
heptachlor
lindane
linuron
pentachlorophenol
pronamide
telone
TPTH
To reduce and mitigate the negative
influence of pesticides
•
•
•
•
•
Cultural practices
Biological controls
Genetic modified crops
……
One easy way is to select relative safe pesticides in pest
control
Lack of sophisticate tools
To support the pesticides selection in
pest management programs
A query:
Suppose a user intends to control ants around his house.
Considering safety, the user prefers the pesticide products that
have low toxicity to humans and animals because the applied
sites are so close to the house-member and domesticated
animals. The user may be an environmental conservator and
expects the desired pesticide products having low toxicity to
birds and other small invertebrates. Additionally, the user may
expect the pesticides have a short persistent period in the soil.
Research Objective
To design a user-oriented pesticide safety
consultant system (tool) in guidance of
pesticide selection and application in pest
management program.
Ultimately, we expect this consultant system
would assist to reduce or minimize the use of
certain pesticides that commit high hazardous
potentials to humans, domestic animals,
ecosystems, and the environment.
Potential Users
Farmers
Growers
Extension Professions
Government Agencies (e. g., EPA)
Universities
Private Consultants
Rationality
(Fundamental basis to support our objective)
Pesticides vary not only with target pests
but with hazardous potentials to humans,
ecosystems, and the environment as well.
Relative toxicity of pesticide to humans
Pesticide
(Common name)
Trade Name
Acute Oral
LD50 Rats
(mg/kg)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Aldicarb
Temik
1
Trichlorfon
Dylox
150
Methoxychlor
Marlate
6000
DT50
(Time required for 50% dissipation of the initial concentration
of pesticide following application)
Pesticide
(Common name)
Trade Name
DT50
(in soil)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Validamycin
*
<=5 hrs
Oxadixyl
*
2-3 months
Fenarimol
*
>1 year
PLP (Pesticide Leach Potential)
Pesticide
(Common name)
Trade Name
PLP
(index)
-----------------------------------------------------------------Mepiquat
Pix
1
Daminozide
Alar
50
Dalapon
Dowpon
87
Project design (Pesticide Safety Consultant System)
Project Design
Pesticide
Database
Query
Inputting
Inputs
User
Query
Returning
Pesticide Safety
Consultant
System (PSCS)
Outputs
Querying
Results
Domain Conceptual Model
Crop
People
Food
Diseases
Pesticide
products
pollute
Water
Pests
control
Ingredients
Hazards
Object Model
(PSCS)
represent
mamtoxicity
represent
EPA
WHO
Include
represent
Pesticide
products
carry
Hazards
FISH
Include
Ecotoxicity
contain
represent
represent
BIRD
BEE
Include
Ingredients
control
Pests
Environment
_hazard
represent
DT50
represent
FD50
represent
PLP
ER Diagram for PSCS (Pesticide Safety Consultant System )
FORMULATION
PRODUCT_NO
MANUFACTURE
Label
PESTICIDE_EPA_NO
PESTICIDE_PRODUCT
1
Contain
n
(ingredients)
n
PESTICIDE_NAME
Control
REGISTERED_STATE
RESTRICTED_STATE
n
Ing_EPA_no
Pest_album
Pest
Pest_description
Pest_EPA_no
Pest_name
multiple-valued attributes.
Pest_group
ER Diagram for PSCS (cont.)
ING_EPA_NO
Ingredient_proportion
Ingredient_name
WHO
Product_no
1
Ing_EPA_no
EPA
Mam_effect
CANCER_BIRTH_DEFECT
1
1
Ingredient
Mode_action
Mamtoxicity
ING_EPA_NO
1
Eco_effect
1
HONEY BEE
Ecotoxicity
n
Env_effect
BIRD
FISH
1
Environment__hazard
PLP
ING_EPA_NO
FD50
DT50
Soil Half_life
Field dissipation Half_life
multiple-valued attributes.
Demo
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/pesticidedatabase/main.asp
Step 1
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/pesticidedatabase/main.asp
Step 1a
Step 2
Step 2a
Step 3
Step 4
Thanks
• Comments
• Suggestions