Transcript Sample PowerPoint Presentation

Sample PowerPoint
Presentation
Publisher
The Instructor’s PowerPoint Presentations for
Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design includes
a comprehensive PowerPoint presentation for each of the
39 textbook chapters. This sample is the complete Chapter
18 presentation.
The Instructor’s PowerPoint Presentations for
Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design is
available with an individual license or a site license. The
individual license can be used or installed on a single
computer. The site license permits installation on an
unlimited number of computers at a single building or
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Site License ISBN: 1-59070-201-8
Individual License ISBN: 1-59070-200-X
For more information or to place an order, please contact
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The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Tinley Park, Illinois
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Publisher
The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Tinley Park, Illinois
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
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Chapter 18
The Floor
Plan
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Chapter 18 Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Required Information
Metric System of Dimensioning
Drawing a Floor Plan
Procedure—Manual Drafting
Procedure—CADD
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Learning Objectives
• List the information required on a typical
floor plan.
• Represent typical materials using
standard architectural hatch patterns
(symbols).
• Design and draw a residential floor plan
using accepted techniques.
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Learning Objectives
• Dimension a floor plan in a clear and
precise manner.
• Identify well-drawn floor plans.
• Identify poorly drawn floor plans.
• Draw a floor plan using CADD.
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The Floor Plan
• The floor plan is the heart of a set of
construction drawings.
– All tradeworkers refer to the floor plan.
– Usually the first drawing completed.
– The basis for many other plans.
– Actually a section drawing.
• Keep the floor plan clean and
uncluttered.
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Presentation Drawing
• Study this pictorial of a three bedroom
house. Then, examine its floor plan in
the next slide.
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(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)
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Presentation
Floor Plan
• Many common
features found on
a floor plan are
identified in this
drawing.
(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)
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Required Information
• Information that should be included on
the floor plan includes:
– Exterior and interior walls.
– Size and location of windows and doors.
– Built-in cabinets and appliances.
– Permanent fixtures.
– Stairs.
– Fireplaces.
(continued)
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Required Information
– Walks, patios, and decks.
– Room names.
– Material symbols.
– Location and size dimensions.
– Drawing scale.
– Related structures are frequently included.
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Location and Size of Walls
• Walls should be drawn actual thickness.
– Variations in wall thickness will detract from the
drawing.
– Manual drafters use dividers to draw a wall at
proper thickness; CADD drafters use OFFSET,
DOUBLE LINE, or similar command.
• Use proper hatch patterns.
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Wall Material Symbols
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Windows and Doors
• Use a centerline to locate the opening
for windows and doors in frame walls.
• Dimension to the side of the opening in
a masonry wall.
• Openings for windows are sash width.
• Openings for doors are actual width.
• Sills are drawn for windows and exterior
doors.
• Door swing should be indicated.
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Window and Door Location
• Windows and doors should be located
in a frame wall using a centerline. Door
swing is also shown.
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Plain Opening or Archway
• Hidden (dashed) lines are used to
show that an opening does not extend
to the ceiling.
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Cabinets, Appliances, and
Permanent Fixtures
• Kitchen cabinets, bath vanities, fixtures,
and appliances must be shown on the
floor plan.
• Standard symbols at proper scale are
used for these features.
• Check your local code for clearances for
appliances and fixtures.
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Stairs and Fireplaces
• Only information about the basic size
and location of stairs and fireplaces
needs to be recorded on the floor plan.
• For stairs, show direction of flight,
number of risers, and width of stairs.
• For a fireplace, show basic depth and
width, opening design, and location.
– Use either simplified or detailed symbol.
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Stairs on Floor Plan
• Information about a set of stairs that is
usually included on the floor plan.
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Fireplace
Symbols
• A fireplace may be
represented using
a simplified or
detailed symbol.
The detailed
symbol is usually
preferred.
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Walks, Patios, and Decks
• Several outside features are usually
included on the floor plan.
• Walks, patios, and decks are examples.
• Indicate size and materials on the plan.
• Consider these elements as part of the
total plan.
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Room Names
• Room names help communicate the
plan to others.
• Room names should be 3/16" high.
• Room names should be in the center of
the room.
• Approximate room size should appear
below the name.
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Material Symbols
• Material symbols or material hatch
patterns are used to denote each
material.
• Use a material symbol whenever the
material should be identified.
• If the symbol is not a standard one,
identify it.
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Material Symbols
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Material Symbols
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Dimensioning
• Dimensions on a floor plan show size
and location of the features.
• Proper placement of dimensions
requires good judgment.
• Locate dimensions where one would
logically look for them.
• In architectural drafting, dimension lines
are continuous lines with the dimension
figure placed above the line.
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Dimensioning
• Dimension figures are always parallel to
the dimension line.
• Be consistent with the type of termination
symbol used for dimension lines.
• Move dimension lines out from drawing.
• Space dimension lines 1/4" or 3/8" apart.
• Make leaders no longer than 2".
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Dimensioning
• Dimensions are recorded in feet and
inches.
• Feet and inch marks may be omitted.
• Dimensions less than 1' are usually
indicated as 1/2", 2", 6", etc.
• Dimension interior frame walls to the
center of the wall.
• Dimension exterior frame walls to the
outside of the stud wall.
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Dimensioning
• Recommended method of dimensioning
frame wall construction.
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Dimensioning
• Solid masonry walls (cast concrete,
block, brick, or stone) are usually
dimensioned as shown.
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Dimensioning
• Brick veneer walls are dimensioned to
the outside of the stud wall.
• Solid masonry walls are dimensioned to
the outside of the wall.
• Overall dimensions are needed to
provide the total length and width of the
structure or major parts of the structure.
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Dimensioning
• Add up partial dimensions to be sure
they equal the overall dimensions.
• Notes are often necessary to present
information that cannot be represented
by dimensions or symbols.
• Notes should be read from the bottom
of the sheet.
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Scale and Sheet Identification
• Residential floor plans are usually
drawn at 1/4" = 1'-0".
• C-size paper is generally large enough.
• Number the sheets in the package.
– Sheet 1 of 6, 2 of 6, etc., works well.
– Sheet numbers should be placed in the
lower right-hand corner.
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Metric System of Dimensioning
• In the US, the customary inch system is
standard in the construction industry.
• The metric system of measurement is
standard in most countries outside of
the US.
• In a metric construction drawing the
whole numbers indicate meters.
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Metric System of Dimensioning
• Floor plan with metric dimensions.
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Drawing a Floor Plan
• Develop a preliminary sketch.
– These rough sketches will provide direction
for drawing the plan to scale.
• Determine the basic requirements of the
structure.
• Consider expansion plans.
• Look over examples.
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Split-Level House Floor Plan
(Donald F. Sowa, A.R.A.)
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Two-Story House Floor Plan
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Two-Story House Floor Plan
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Expansion Floor Plan
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
1. Lay out the exterior walls.
– Use construction lines for layout.
– Use proper wall thicknesses.
2. Locate the interior walls.
– Use construction lines for layout.
– Use center of the wall for locating interior
walls.
– Use dividers to transfer wall thickness.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
• Drawing steps 1 and 2.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
3. Locate the windows and doors.
– Locate centerline first in frame walls.
– Indicate door swing and window type.
4. Draw the stairs.
– Measure width of stairs and lay out treads.
5. Locate and draw the fireplace.
– Identify type and size of fireplace.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
• Drawing steps 3, 4, and 5.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and
decks.
7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances,
and bathroom fixtures.
– Base cabinets are 24" deep (solid lines); wall
cabinets 12" deep (dashed lines).
– Check code for fixture clearances.
8. Add dimensions, notes, and room names.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
• Drawing steps 6, 7, and 8.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
9. Add material and identification symbols.
– Add necessary symbols and darken
remaining light lines.
10. Draw the title block and add the scale.
– Include the sheet number.
11. Check the entire drawing for accuracy
and completeness.
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Procedure—Manual Drafting
• Drawing steps 9, 10, and 11.
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Drawing CADD Floor Plans
• Using CADD speeds up the process of
drawing and designing a floor plan.
• Automatic wall generation, repetitive
use of symbols, dimensioning features,
and elimination of hand lettering reduce
drafting time.
• You still need to know the basics of
design!
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CADD-Drawn Floor Plan
(SoftPlan Systems, Inc.)
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CADD Packages
• Generic CADD packages can be used
to draw floor plans.
• Software designed for architectural work
is much preferred for these reasons:
– Includes an architectural symbols library.
– Includes architectural dimensioning styles.
– May include architectural font for lettering.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
1. Prepare a space diagram.
– Draw to scale with each room identified.
2. Draw the exterior and interior walls.
– Use the DOUBLE LINE, OFFSET, or similar
command to draw the walls.
– Convert the space diagram into a floor plan.
– Check accuracy of wall thickness and
lengths.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Step 1: Computer-generated space diagram.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Step 2: DOUBLE LINE method.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Step 2: Space diagram method.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Step 2: Wall area cleanup.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Step 2: A floor plan generated from a
space diagram. All wall intersection
cleanup was automatic.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
3. Locate the windows and doors.
– Dimension to the center of the unit in a
frame wall structure.
– Plan the location of these elements to
compliment the overall design.
– Use location dimensions that are at least
multiples of 1".
– Include window sills, if desired.
– Use thinner lines on a separate layer.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Drawing step 3.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
4. Draw the stairs on a layer by itself.
– Show stair treads, handrails, and direction.
5. Locate and draw the fireplace.
– Use appropriate hatch patterns.
6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and
porches on a separate layer.
7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances,
and bathroom fixtures.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Drawing steps 4, 5, 6, and 7.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
8. Add dimensions to the plan.
– All construction features should be
dimensioned unless they are obvious.
– Position extension lines properly.
– Every exterior wall segment should have
partial and overall length dimensions.
– Be sure dimensions are accurate, add up
properly, and are on their own layer.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Drawing step 8.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
9. Add room names, notes, material hatch
patterns, scale, and title.
– Use the TEXT command.
– Assign an appropriate layer.
– Add material symbols.
– Construct a title block.
10. Check over the entire drawing.
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Drawing Procedure—CADD
• Drawing steps 9 and 10.
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