Transcript The Music Of Africa Rhea Loewen Band 12 December 14, 2009

The Music Of Africa
Rhea Loewen
Band 12
December 14, 2009
Mrs. Richardson
Egypt
•Musicians from Upper Egypt play a form of folk music
called Saidi and were chosen by the government to
represent Egyptian folk music around the world.
•Egyptian music blends traditions with Turkish, Arabic, and
Western elements. The tonal structure is based from Arabic
music, defined by the maqamat, which is loosely related to
the Western cultural modes.
•Music remains an important
part of traditional Muslim
and Coptic celebration. It’s
found especially in mulids.
Mulids are held in Egypt to
celebrate the saint of a
particular church. The
Egyptian flute is the key
instrument at these
celebrations.
Rwanda
•The ikinimba is the most
important musical tradition in
Rwanda. The ikinimba dance tells
the stories of Rwandan heros,
accompanied by instruments like:
•ikembe: a finger type instrument.
A group of small tuned pieces of
metal or wood placed together.
•umuduri: a musical bow
consisting of a string supported
by a flexible wooden string bearer
or bow that is 125-135 cm in
length.
•inanga: made from a piece of
wood carved with a shallow bowl.
A single string is woven across
the instrument to form up to eight
strings.
•Traditional
songs are often
accompanied by
a lulunga, a
harp-like
instrument with
eight strings.
•Celebratory
dances have a
drum orchestra,
which usually
has seven to
nine members,
and produce an
exciting set of
rhythms.
umuduri
ikembe
lulunga
South Africa
•A popular type of music is marabi. It started out being
played on pianos with people shaking pebble-filled cans,
often in establishments that illegally served alcohol.
•By the 1930s, marabi had brought in new instruments:
guitars/ banjos
concertina: a free-reed musical instrument, like an
accordion. It has a buttons on either side
of it.
•New styles of marabi had started coming
out. The most popular was the
marabi/swing fusion called African jazz and
jive.
•The first major style of South African
popular music to emerge was pennywhistle
jive. Farmers had played a three-holed reed
flute, which became six-holed flute when
they moved to the cities.
Nigeria
•Nigeria has been called "the heart of African music"
because of its role in the development of African highlife and
palm-wine music, which puts native rhythms together with
techniques imported from the Congo.
•Traditional music from Nigeria is
performed to mark a ritual such as a
wedding or funeral and not for pure
entertainment or artistic enjoyment.
Music is used to celebrate births,
marriages, circumcisions, and other
important life events.
•Music is closely linked to
agriculture, and there are
restrictions on which instruments
can be played during different parts
of the growing season.
•The most common format for music in Nigeria is the calland-response choir, in which a lead singer and a chorus
interchange verses, sometimes accompanied by
instruments that either shadow the lead text or repeat.
•Hausa ceremonial music is well known in the area, and is
used by families of praise singers. The Hausa play
percussion instruments such as the:
tambora drum: an African drum that was most popular
during the times of slavery
kakaki trumpet: a 3 or 4 meter long metal trumpet.
Work Cited Page
“The African Music Encyclopaedia” 1995- 2001. Online. December 12, 2009.
http://africanmusic.org/
Estrella, Espie. “African Music” 2009. Online. December 4, 2009.
http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/africanmusic.htm
“History and Overview of African Music” Black Music Archives. Online. December 9,
2009 http://afgen.com/african_music3.html
Hassan, Ashraf. “Saidi Dance” Online. December 10, 2009.
http://www.orientaldancer.net/guest-stories/saidi-dance.shtml
“Ingoma” 2006. Online. December 11, 2009.
http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/burundi/ingoma.html
“Music of Africa” Wikipedia. Online. December 4, 2009
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Africa
“Music of Sudan - Modern popular music” Global Oneness. Online. December 11,
2009.http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Music_of_Sudan_Modern_popu
lar_music/id/5315594
Scaruffi, Piero. “A Brief Summary of African Popular Music.” 2002. Online.
December 6, 2009 http://www.scaruffi.com/history/african.html
“Traditions of Rwanda” Rwanda Tourism. Online. December 10 ,2009.
http://www.rwandatourism.com/culture.htm
Egypt .
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Sudan .
Rwanda
Table of Contents
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Mozambique .
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South Africa .
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Namibia
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Mali
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8-9
Nigeria
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10-11
Work Cited
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Additional Information
•Coptic music is the music of the
Coptic Church. It consists of
chanted hymns with cymbals
and a triangle.
•Music in Egypt dates back to
the Predynastic Period when
harps, flutes and double
clarinets were played.
•Western classical music was
introduced to Egypt at the
beginning of the 19th century.
Instruments such as the piano
and violin were adopted.
Sudan
•When the Sharia law was introduced in Sudan in 1989, many
poets and musicians were either imprisoned or fled to Cairo.
Traditional music suffered too. Zar ceremonies were
abruptly ended and drums were taken.
•When the Europeans
invaded the country, they
brought their music along
with them. The Scottish
bagpipes were an
important and vital
instrument.
•The folk music of the Dinka people includes
poetry, while the Azande are known for stories
in their music.
•Haqibah is a harmonic a cappella and vocal style music, with
percussion coming from the tambourine-like riq.
•The Sufi Dervishes are a mystical sect that use music and
dance to achieve an altered state of consciousness in a
tradition called zikr.
•Traditional music and dance are taught in amatorero dance
groups.
•During the civil war in 1994, music became almost extinct.
The Tutsis were too busy running from the Hutus to be able
to make or listen to any kind of music.
•Rwandan music has had many influences especially from
the Congo, as well as Caribbean zouk and reggae.
Mozambique
•The Chopi people are known for a unique kind of xylophone
called mbila. The mbila has nineteen keys on it and up to
eight can be played at one time.
•Ensembles have around ten xylophones of four different
sizes and accompany ceremonial dances with songs called
ngomi which have an overture and ten movements of
different tempos and styles.
•The ensemble leader is the
poet, composer, conductor,
and performer. They create
a text and improvise a
melody based on the Chopi
language.
•By the time independence came in
1975, Mozambican bands had
abandoned their previous attempts
at European-style music, and
began making new forms that were
influenced by countries like Zaire
and Zimbabwe.
•Marrabenta is
the best-known
form of music
from
Mozambique.
This style was
meant for
dancing. It was
born as a
mixture of
European music
played on
instruments
made out of tin
cans and pieces
of wood. Lyrics
were in their
original
language.
•Zulu music was mostly influenced
by Dutch folk styles, along with
French and German influences.
Zydeco-type string bands led by a
concertina were popular.
American country music made it’s
way in there as well.
Namibia
•The Sanlam-NBC Music Awards
and the Namibian Music Awards
are two separate shows that give
out annual awards at shows.
•Folk music emulated animal sounds, and accompanied
storytelling or dancing. The Namaqu people use various
strings, flutes and drums, while the Bantu people added
marimba, gourds and horn trumpets.
•The Herero people of Namibia are known for their traditional
form of music called Oviritje, popularly known as Konsert.
This is a praise and worship type of music that is becoming
more modern and very popular around the country.
•Hikwa is a combination of hip hop and kwaito. Kwaito songs
are characterized by singing, chant, rhythmic-screaming,
repetitive verses and chorus, and occasional rapping.
Mali
•The common instruments of the Maninka jeli (musician)
ensemble are the:
kora: a 21-24 string lute-harp
bala: a slat idiophone, similar to a xylophone
n'goni: a 4-7 string lute
jeli dununba: a large drum hung from one shoulder
and played with a curved stick in one
hand and a bell in the other
n'taman: a tension drum, often called a talking
drum
tabale: a tall conga-shaped drum played with long, thin
flexible sticks
•The traditional music of the Bamana people is played by the
percussion instruments:
fileh: one-half hand drum
gita: bowl with seeds or cowrie shells attached to
give a clacking sound when moved
karignyen: metal scraper
bonkolo drum: played with one open hand and a
thin bamboo stick
kunanfa: large bowl drum covered by a cowskin
and played with the open hands
•Maninka music incorporates major and
minor scales, as well as some semi-tone
scales used in different regions.
•The traditional form of the jenbe ensemble, there is one jenbe
soloist. A jenbe soloist plays the pattern throughout any one
piece of music as well as the addition of the jeli dununba, and
the n'taman.
•The Music of Mali is dominated by forms from the ancient
Mande Empire. The musicians are called jeli.