Transcript Chapter 6 Building Healthy Relationships Lesson 2

Chapter 6
Building Healthy
Relationships
Lesson 2
Understanding Family
Relationships
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Essential Questions:
Why are family relationships and values important in making
healthy choices?
Why is communication important in having healthy
relationships?
Enduring Understandings:
Students will understand that
1.
Family relationships and values are important in making
healthy choices.
2. Communication is important in healthy relationships.
 family
The basic unit of society and includes two or more
people joined by blood, marriage, adoption, or a desire
to support each other
abstinence The conscious, active choice not to participate in highrisk behaviors
In this lesson, you will be able to
 describe the family as the basic unit of society.
 recognize the functions of the family.
 list ways to improve family relationships.
 identify ways to cope with changes in the family.
Everyone Is Part of a Family
A family gives a person a place to belong.
family The basic unit of society and includes two or more people
joined by blood, marriage, adoption, or a desire to
support each other.
Your family teaches you its values, beliefs, and
expectations.
How Families Help Their Members
Physical
Mental
Needs
Needs
(food and clothing)(share knowledge)
Emotional
Social
Needs
Needs
(love and support (learn to get along
each other)
With one another)
DO NOW: write down your answer and find a partner
to share them.
A. Name at least 2 rules or expectations that
your parents expect you to follow . They can
be related to school or home.
Building Family Relationships
Tips for Building Strong Family Relationships
Show
appreciation for
each other.
Support other
family members.
Show
responsibility.
Spend quality
time together.
Show
respect.
Communicate
effectively.
Follow family
rules.
Coping with Change
Examples of changes in the family include:
Births
Deaths
Separation or divorce
Moving
A new job
Money problems
Coping with Change
Ways to Cope with Change
Communicate
openly and
effectively.
Speak with a
counselor.
Speak with
religious
leaders.
Speak with
health care
workers.
Speak with
legal advisors.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Give Examples What are two ways to strengthen
family relationships?
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Identify Name two changes that a family might face.
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply Describe three ways that a teen can support a
family member in need.
Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Infer How might spending time with extended family
members strengthen a teen’s mental/emotional health?
Chapter 6
Building Healthy
Relationships
Lesson 4
Abstinence and
Refusal Skills
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In this lesson, you will be able to
 identify risk behaviors.
 recognize the benefits of abstaining from the use of tobacco,
alcohol, sexual activity, and other drugs.
 apply refusal skills by using the S.T.O.P. formula.
 Sexual Risk Behaviors: Actions or choices that may harm you or
others.
Acting Responsibly
Growing up means
taking on more
responsibility in all
areas of your life.
Your responsibilities to
care for your body and
mind.
Abstinence from Risk Behaviors
Some risks in life will be worth taking, such as
choosing a career.
Risk behaviors are risks not worth taking.
risk behaviors Actions or choices that may harm
you or others
Abstinence from Risk Behaviors
A teen’s best response to risk behaviors is
abstinence.
abstinence The conscious, active choice not to
participate in high-risk behaviors
By abstaining from risk behaviors, you can avoid
serious negative consequences.
Abstinence from Sexual Activity
The decision to become sexually active requires
maturity and responsibility.
For a teen, abstinence from sexual activity is the only
responsible choice.
Abstinence from Sexual Activity
2 Major Benefits for Teens who Abstain from Sexual Activity:
Don’t have to worry about unplanned pregnancy
Don’t have to worry about getting sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs).
Practicing abstinence reflects respect for yourself and
for others.
Developing Effective Refusal Skills
To avoid engaging in risk behaviors, you need to
know and practice refusal skills.
refusal skills Strategies that help you say no effectively
Developing Effective Refusal Skills
The S.T.O.P. Formula
S
Say no in a firm voice.
T
Tell why not.
O
Offer another idea.
P
Promptly leave.
• Make sure your body
language matches what
you are saying.
• Offer brief but sensible
reasons for your choice.
• Suggest alternative
activities that everyone can
enjoy.
• Leaving takes away
someone’s power to put
pressure on you.
Where do you see yourself in 15
years from now?
Chapter 12
Growing and
Changing
Lesson 1
Changes During
Adolescence
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Essential Question:
What is the importance of understanding the role of the
reproductive system?
Enduring Understanding:
Students will understand that it is important to understand the role
and importance of the reproductive system.
 puberty
The time when you develop physical
characteristics of adults your own gender
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe healthy ways of expressing your emotions.
 develop ways to manage strong emotions.
What Happens During Adolescence?
During adolescence, you experience many physical,
mental, emotional, and social changes.
adolescence The stage of life between childhood and
adulthood, usually beginning somewhere
between the ages of 11 and 15
Physical Growth
Teens go through puberty at different rates
puberty The time when you develop physical characteristics
of adults of your own gender
Most females start
puberty between the
ages of 8 and 13.
Most males start
puberty between the
ages of 9 and 14.
Physical Growth
Males
Females
Male hormone production increases.
Female hormone production increases.
Sudden, rapid growth occurs.
Sudden, rapid growth occurs.
All permanent teeth come into place.
All permanent teeth come into place,
Acne may appear.
Acne may appear.
Underarm hair appears.
Underarm hair appears.
Pubic hair appears.
Pubic hair appears.
Perspiration increases.
Perspiration increases.
External genitals grow.
External genitals grow.
Shoulders broaden.
Breasts develop.
Muscles develop.
Hips become wider.
Sperm production starts.
Body fat increases.
Facial hair appears.
Ovulation occurs.
Larynx gets larger, and voice deepens.
Menstruation starts.
Expressing Emotions
Healthy Ways of Expressing Strong Emotions in Healthy Ways
Write in a journal.
Exercise.
Draw.
Participate in a hobby.
Play music.
Talk to your friends, a sibling,
your parents, a counselor,
or another adult you trust.
Chapter 12
Growing and
Changing
Lesson 2
The Endocrine System
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DO NOW
 Name 2 benefits for teens to abstain from sexual activity
 Define the STOP strategy.
 hormones
Chemical substances produced in certain glands
that help to regulate the way your body functions
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe how the endocrine system affects growth and
development.
 find information about managing diabetes..
Parts of the Endocrine System
Hormones are produced by the organs of the
endocrine system.
hormones Chemical substances produced in certain glands
that help to regulate the way your body functions
endocrine system The system of glands throughout the body
that regulate body functions
Parts of the Endocrine System
Parathyroid
gland
Adrenal
gland
Pituitary
gland
Ovaries
(in female)
Thyroid
gland
Testes
(in male)
Pancreas
Glands and Hormones
Hormones act like chemical signals that tell your
organs and tissues what to do.
For example, the pancreases makes the hormones
insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar.
Glands and Hormones
One major role of the endocrine system is to control
the body’s metabolism.
metabolism The process by which the body gets
energy from food
Metabolism is regulated by hormones made by the
thyroid gland.
Diabetes
Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce
enough of the hormone called insulin, or
doesn’t respond properly to insulin that is
produced.
Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the blood.
Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
• Germ-fighting cells in the body
attack the cells of the pancreas
that produce insulin.
• The body doesn’t produce
enough insulin and there is
too much sugar in the blood.
• Treated with regular injections
of insulin.
• Enough insulin is produced,
but the body can’t use it
properly.
• More common in people who are
overweight.
• May result in infections and
wounds that do not heal.
• Treated with a carefully managed
diet and regular physical
activity.
Chapter 12
Growing and
Changing
Lesson 3
The Male Reproductive
System
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Essential Question:
What is the importance of understanding the role of the
reproductive system?
Enduring Understanding:
Students will understand that it is important to understand the role
and importance of the reproductive system.
 reproductive The body organs and structures that make it
system
possible to produce children
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe the functions of the male reproductive system.
 identify the organs and structures of the male reproductive system.
 explain how to care for the male reproductive system.
Reproduction
Because of reproduction, all forms of life continue
to exist.
reproduction The process by which living organisms product
others of their own kind
Reproduction
Each human results from the joining of two cells that
come from the reproductive system.
reproductive system The body organs and structures that
make it possible to produce children
Parts of the Male Reproductive System
The main job of the male reproductive system is to
produce sperm.
sperm Male reproductive cells
Each sperm can join with a female reproductive cell
and make another human being.
Parts of the Male Reproductive System
The scrotum keeps the testes at the right
temperature to produce sperm.
testes The pair of glands that produce
sperm
Sperm leaves the testes and travels to the urethra.
Parts of the Male Reproductive System
Semen is released from the urethra through the
penis.
semen A mixture of sperm and fluids that protect sperm and carry
them through the tubes of the male reproductive system
The body’s release of semen is called ejaculation.
Caring for the Male Reproductive System
Do a testicular self-examination every month
after a warm shower.
Shower or bathe regularly.
Wear protective gear, such as an athletic
supporter or cup when playing in contact sports.
Visit a health care provider for regular physical
checkups.
Chapter 12
Growing and
Changing
Lesson 4
The Female Reproductive
System
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Essential Question:
What is the importance of understanding the role of the
reproductive system?
Enduring Understanding:
Students will understand that it is important to understand the role
and importance of the reproductive system.
 ovaries
The female endocrine glands that release mature
eggs and produce the hormones estrogen.
 uterus
A pear-shaped organ, located within the pelvis, in
which the developing baby is nourished and protected
In this lesson, you will learn to
 describe the function of the female reproductive system.
 identify the organs and structures of the male reproductive system.
 explain how to care for the female reproductive system.
 apply the skill of advocacy to promote breast self-examinations.
Parts of the Female Reproductive System
Two important parts of the female reproductive
system are the ovaries and the uterus.
ovaries The female endocrine glands that release mature eggs and
produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone
uterus A pear-shaped organ, located within the pelvis, in which the
developing baby is nourished and protected
The Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is the series of events that
prepares the female reproductive system for
reproduction.
The Menstrual Cycle
If the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus
begins to break down and menstruation occurs.
menstruation The flow from the body of blood, tissues, and fluids
that result from the breakdown of the lining of the
uterus
After menstruation, the cycle begins again.
Parts of the Female Reproductive System
Menstrual
flow stops after
about 5 days.
Ovulation occurs.
An ovary releases a
mature egg into a
fallopian tube.
Menstrual
flow begins.
If fertilization has not
occurred, the uterine
lining begins to break
down.
Fertilization is most
likely to occur during
these days.
Fertilization
If fertilization is successful, an egg develops into a
baby.
fertilization The joining of a male sperm cell and a female
egg cell to form a fertilized egg
An egg that travels to the uterus and is not fertilized
eventually dissolves.
Fertilization
When the egg and sperm cell unite, the egg
develops a film which prevents more sperm cells
from entering the egg.
The fertilized egg travels to the uterus where it
becomes implanted in the lining.
The female will not menstruate or ovulate again
until after the pregnancy is over.
Female Health Problems
Yeast Infection
Vaginitis
Cancer
Toxic shock syndrome
(TSS)
Sterility
Caring for the Female Reproductive System
Do a breast self-examination every month.
Shower or bathe daily.
Keep track of your menstrual cycle.
– See a doctor if a menstrual cycle is missed for several
months, or if there is severe pain or a heavy menstrual
flow.
Caring for the Female Reproductive System
Visit a gynecologist for regular checkups.
gynecologist A doctor who specializes in the female
reproduction system
Chapter 13
Communicable
Diseases
Lesson 5
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
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Essential Questions:
1. How do I protect myself against diseases?
Enduring Understandings: Students will understanding that
1. Sexually transmitted diseases are infections spread through
sexual contact.
2. Abstinence from sexual activity is the ONLY way to avoid
STDs.
 sexually
transmitted
diseases
Infections that are spread from person to person
through sexual contact
 chlamydia
A bacterial STD that may affect the reproductive
organs, urethra, and anus
 genital
warts
Growths or bumps in the genital area cased by
certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV)
 genital
herpes
A viral STD that produces painful blisters on the
genital area

 gonorrhea
A bacterial STD that affects the mucous membranes
of the body, particularly the genital area
 syphilis
A bacterial STD that can affect many parts of
the body
In this lesson, you will learn to
 identify common sexually transmitted diseases.
 explain how to protect yourself from sexually transmitted disease.
 access valid information about sexually transmitted disease.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are also
called sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Infections that are
spread from person to person through sexual contact
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
True or False
Someone who has an STD may
not have visible symptoms, or
may have symptoms that come
and go. However, such a person
may be contagious even when
there are no symptoms.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
True or False
STDs can be prevented by
saying no to high-risk behaviors,
such as sexual activity.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
True or False
STDs can make a person sterile
or infertile.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
True or False
Not all STDs are curable, and
some are even fatal.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
True or False
A person who suspects that he
or she is infected with an STD
must see a doctor.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
True or False
Vaccines are not available for
most STDs.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Chlamydia is often referred to as a “silent” disease
because in many cases there are no symptoms.
chlamydia A bacterial STD that may affect the reproductive
organs, urethra, and anus
Left untreated, chlamydia can cause infections in the
body and infertility.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections like genital
warts are the most common type of STD.
genital warts Growths or bumps in the genital area caused
by certain types of human papillomavirus
Like chlamydia, HPV is often a silent disease,
causing no symptoms until many years after the
initial infection.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Even when the symptoms of genital herpes go
away, the virus and the disease remain in the body.
genital herpes A viral STD that produces painful blisters on
the genital area
There is no known cure for genital herpes.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics.
gonorrhea A bacterial STD that affect the mucous membranes of
the body, particularly in the genital area
Symptoms include a thick yellowish discharge from
the genitals and burning sensation when urinating.
What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
If diagnosed and treated in the first or second stage,
syphilis can be cured with antibiotics.
syphilis A bacterial STD that can affect many parts of the body
If left untreated, syphilis can eventually cause mental
disorders, heart problems, and death.
Abstinence from Sexual Activity
There is a 100 percent effective way to avoid STDs:
Abstinence
Abstinence from Sexual Activity
The media often sends messages that sexual activity
is exciting.
There is no mention of the risks of
STDs or unplanned pregnancies.
Use refusal
skills to avoid
being pressured
to take part in
sexual activity.
Abstinence from Sexual Activity
You do not have to hide your feelings of affection.
Appropriate ways for teens to show affection include
holding hands and complimenting someone.
Chapter 13
Communicable
Diseases
Lesson 6
HIV/AIDS
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 HIV (human
immunodeficiency
virus)
The virus that causes AIDS
 AIDS (acquired
immunodeficiency
virus)
A disease that interferes with the body’s
ability to fight infection
In this lesson, you will learn to
 explain how people become infected with HIV and develop AIDS.
 explain what is being done to fight AIDS.
 analyze how media messages about sexual activity might
influence teens.
 describe how to protect yourself from HIV/AIDS.
Identifying Problems and Solutions
After reading this lesson, identify how HIV is transmitted and
what can be done to prevent the spread of HIV.
What Are HIV and AIDS?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attacks and
kills T cells.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) The virus that causes AIDS
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) A disease that
interferes with the
body’s ability to fight
infection
What Are HIV and AIDS?
HIV does not kill T cells immediately.
An infected person can have the virus for years
without showing any signs or symptoms.
The Spread of HIV
How HIV Is Spread
Sexual Intercourse
• This is most common
way that HIV spreads
• HIV circulates in the
bloodstream and in
other bodily fluids
• The virus circulates in
the body even before it
destroys the immune
system
• Abstinence is the only
protection against
transmission
Contaminated Needles
• A single drop of blood
left on a needle can
contain enough HIV to
infect someone
• Contaminated tattoo
needles can transmit
HIV
• People with diabetes
and other who need to
use needles should do
so under supervision of
a medical professional
Other
• A pregnant female can
transmit HIV to her child
during delivery
• A pregnant female can
transmit HIV to her child
through breast milk
• Before blood screening,
people sometimes
became infected during
blood transfusions
The Spread of HIV
How HIV Is NOT Spread
Swimming in a pool with an infected person.
Sharing utensils with an infected person.
Breathing the air near an infected person.
Donating blood.
Being bitten by a mosquito that has bitten an infected person.
Hugging or shaking hands with an infected person.
Using the same shower, bathtub, or toilet as an infected person.
Sharing sports equipment with an infected person.
Fighting AIDS
In the United States, more that 14,000 people die
every year from AIDS.
Scientists and educators around the world work to
prevent HIV infection by teaching people about the
disease.
Fighting AIDS
New drugs work to slow the progress of the disease
by preventing HIV from reproducing.
Many of these drugs have serious side effects and
are very expensive.
Fighting AIDS
Scientists are working on a vaccines to protect
people from HIV, but it will likely take many years to
develop.
The best weapon in the fight against HIV and AIDS
so far has been knowledge.
Abstinence and HIV
People who inject illegal drugs face the dangers of
getting diseases.
People who engage in sexual activity are exposing
themselves to STDs.
The only 100 percent sure way to avoid getting HIV
is to avoid contact with sources of this virus.
Abstinence and HIV
If you are pressured to use injectable drugs or have
sexual activity, talk to your parents or guardians right
away.
Stay away from people who encourage you to make
dangerous choices.
Abstinence and HIV
Abstinence can
save your life.