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Bell Work: 4/15/14

TCAP PRACTICE TEST A Complete questions #22-28 on Bellwork sheet!

You have 8 minutes.

We will review with Plickers

Please do NOT write in TCAP booklet!

O O O O O O O

Chp. 13-18: Objectives Covered

SPI 0707.7.1 Use a table of physical properties to classify minerals.

SPI 0707.7.2 Label a diagram that depicts the three different rock types.

SPI 0707.7.3 Identify the major processes that drive the rock cycle.

SPI 0707.7.4 Differentiate among the characteristics of the earth’s three layers.

SPI 0707.7.5 Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans continually move at rates of centimeters per year.

SPI 0707.7.6 Describe the relationship between plate movements and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and sea floor spreading.

SPI 0707.7.7 Analyze and evaluate the impact of man’s use of earth’s land, water, and atmospheric resources.

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Mineral Identification

O Color Not the best way to identify a mineral because the same mineral can come in a variety of colors or different minerals can also be the same color Luster O the way a surface reflects light (metallic, pearly, waxy, etc.) Streak O the color of the powder that a mineral leaves behind Cleavage/Fracture O The different ways a mineral can break (smooth/flat or rough/jagged) Hardness O a mineral’s resistance to being scratched (Mohs Hardness Scale 1 (soft: Talc)-10 (hardest: Diamond) Density O the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; the measure of how much matter (mass) is in a given amount of space (volume) Special Properties O Special characteristics of a mineral (fluorescence, odor, magnetism)

3 Types of Rocks

Igneous Rocks How: Forms when magma (hot, liquid rock) cools and hardens Where: on the Earth’s surface (extrusive) or beneath the Earth’s surface (intrusive) Example: Obsidian Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks How: when rocks are broken down into sediments and those pieces of sediment form layers that are compacted and cemented together How: rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition of the rock have changed because of heat and pressure Where: on the Earth’s surface from weathering, erosion, & deposition Where: deep within the Earth (below the surface) Example: Marble Example: Sandstone

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Processes of the Rock Cycle

O Under extreme heat, rocks can melt into magma Cooling and Hardening: O Melting: Magma will cool and harden into igneous rocks O Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition: Weathering breaks down the rocks O Erosion carries the sediments away O Deposition drops the sediments (like it’s hot!) Compaction and Cementation: O Sediments create layers and over time these layers are compacted and cemented together O Heat and Pressure: Under extreme heat and pressure rocks can change form (metamorphism)

Layers of the Earth

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O Crust outermost layer of Earth; thinnest layer (1% of Earth's mass); two types of crust: continental and oceanic crust O Mantle thickest layer of Earth between the crust and core (67% of Earth's mass); solid rock that flows (silly putty rock convection currents) O liquid iron and nickel Inner Core O Outer Core Solid iron and nickel

Plate Tectonics

O O O Tectonic Plates: O parts of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere (middle mantle) Types of boundaries: O O O Transform- plates slide past each other causing earthquakes Divergent- plates move apart causing sea-floor spreading and volcanoes Convergent- plates collide causing mountains and volcanoes Pangaea: O Alfred Wegener believed that the continents were one single landmass called Pangaea, they separated, and drifted apart to how they are today (continental drift)

Earth’s Resources

Renewable Resources O Resources that can be renewed or used again in our life time (fresh water, solar power, trees, etc.) O Nonrenewable Resources Resources that cannot be renewed or used again in our life time; once it is used, it is gone and will take hundreds, upon thousands of years to renew (fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas)

HOMEWORK

O Practice Book pg. 41-52 due TOMORROW!

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Review Quiz

1. Which substances are harder than apatite, but softer than corundum?

fluorite and feldspar topaz and feldspar diamond and quartz talc and gypsum

Review Quiz

A B C D 2. A student records the following properties of an unknown mineral: Color - black; streak - red; hardness 2.5; density - 5.25 g/cm 3 .

What is the identity of the mineral? linarite chalcanthite walpurgite miargyrite

Review Quiz

3. Which type of rock is being formed in the diagram below? A sedimentary B metamorphic C D igneous composite 4. Igneous rocks are made from: A B C D molten rock that has cooled.

pieces of other rocks that have collected and cemented together.

mountains that have weathered away.

heat and pressure that has forced rock layers together.

Review Quiz

5. Which number represents a change due to great heat & pressure? A 1 B C D 2 3 4

Review Quiz

6. Which of Earth’s layers is composed of solid metal? A B C D crust mantle outer core inner core 7. Which statement most accurately describes plate movements? A Continental and oceanic plates move very slowly over partly melted rock. B Oceanic plates move over partly melted rock. C Continental and oceanic plates move very quickly over partly melted rock. D Continental plates move over partly melted rock.

Review Quiz

8. Which geological feature was most likely formed when two lithospheric plates collided? A Lake Michigan B C D Grand Canyon Mississippi River delta Sierra Madre mountain range 9. Volcanic eruptions are most likely to occur A in river valleys. B C D near the boundary between two lithospheric plates. far from areas that have earthquakes. in the middle of a lithospheric plate.

Review Quiz

10. Which of these is most likely to play a role in global warming? A B energy C D increased use of recycled products increased use of renewable sources of increased use of fossil fuels increased use of pesticides