Transcript Chapter 12 Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the

Chapter 12
Recovery and
Rebirth:
The Age of the
Renaissance
p. 340
Meaning and Characteristics of
the Italian Renaissance
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Renaissance = Rebirth
Jacob Burkhardt
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Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
(1860)
Urban Society
Age of Recovery
Rebirth of Greco-Roman culture
Emphasis on individual ability
The Making of Renaissance
Society
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Economic Recovery
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Italian cities lose economic supremacy
Hanseatic League
Manufacturing
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Textiles, Printing, Mining and Metallurgy
Banking
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Florence and the Medici
p. 343
Social Changes in the
Renaissance
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The Nobility
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Reconstruction of the Aristocracy
Aristocracy: 2 – 3 percent of the population
Baldassare Castiglione (1478 – 1529(
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The Book of the Courtier (1528)
Service to the prince
Peasants and Townspeople
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Peasants
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Peasants: 85 – 90 percent of population
Decline of manorial system and serfdom
Urban Society
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Patricians
Petty burghers, shopkeepers, artisans,
guildmasters, and guildsmen
The Poor and Unemployed
Slaves
Family and Marriage in
Renaissance Italy
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Arranged Marriages
Father-husband head of family
Wife managed household
Childbirth
Sexual Norms
p. 346
Italian States in the Renaissance
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Five Major Powers
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Milan
Venice
Florence
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The Medici
The Papal States
Kingdom of Naples
The Role of Women
France and Spain fight over the peninsula
Modern diplomatic system
Map 12-1, p. 348
p. 349
Chronology, p. 351
Machiavelli and the New
Statecraft
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Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 – 1527)
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The Prince
Acquisition, maintenance and expansion of
political power
p. 351
The Intellectual Renaissance in
Italy
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Italian Renaissance Humanism
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Humanism based on Greco-Roman literature
Petrarch (1304 – 1374)
Civic Humanism – Florence
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Leonardo Bruni (1370 – 1444)
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Humanism and Philosophy
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Marsilio Ficino (1433 – 1499)
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Translates Plato’s dialogues
Synthesis of Christianity and Platonism
Renaissance Hermeticism
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New Cicero
Corpus Hermeticum
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463 – 1494)
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Oration on the Dignity of Man
Education & The Impact of
Printing
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Education in the Renaissance
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Liberal Studies: history, moral philosophy,
eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic),
poetry, mathematics, astronomy and music
Education of Women
Aim of Education was to create a complete citizen
Francesco Guicciardini
The Impact of Printing
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Johannes Gutenberg
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Movable type (1445 – 1450)
Gutenberg’s Bible (1455 or 1456)
The Spread of Printing
The Artistic Renaissance
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Early Renaissance
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Donato di Donatello (1386 – 1466)
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Last Supper
Raphael (1483 – 1520)
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Church of San Lorenzo
Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)
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David
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – 1446)
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Masaccio (1401 – 1428)
Perspective and Organization
Movement and Anatomical Structure
School of Athens
Michelangelo (1475 – 1564)
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The Sistine Chapel
p. 359
p. 359
p. 360
p. 360
p. 361
p. 361
p. 362
p. 363
p. 363
The Northern Artistic
Renaissance
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Jan van Eyck (c. 1380 – 1441)
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Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528)
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Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride
Adoration of the Magi
Music in the Renaissance
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Guillaume Dufay
p. 365
p. 366
The European State in the
Renaissance
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The Renaissance State in Western Europe
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France
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England
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Louis XI the Spider King (1461 – 1483)
War of the Roses
Henry VII Tudor (1485 – 1509)
Spain
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Unification of Castile and Aragón
Establishment of professional royal army
Religious uniformity
The Inquisition
Conquest of Granada
Expulsion of the Jews
Central, Eastern, and Ottoman
Empires
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Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire
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The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern
Europe
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Habsburg Dynasty
Maximilian I (1493 – 1519)
Poland
Hungary
Russia
The Ottoman Turks and the end of the
Byzantine Empire
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Seljuk Turks spread into Byzantine territory
Constantinople falls to the Turks (1453)
Map 12-2, p. 367
Map 12-3, p. 368
Chronology, p. 370
The Church in the Renaissance
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The Problem of Heresy and Reform
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John Hus (1374 – 1415)
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Urged the elimination of worldliness and corruption of the
clergy
Burned at the stake (1415)
Church Councils
The Papacy
The Renaissance Papacy
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Julius II (1503 – 1513)
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“Warrior Pope”
Nepotism
Patrons of Culture
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Leo X (1513 – 1521)
Map 12-4, p. 371
p. 372
Chronology, p. 373
Timeline, p. 374
Discussion Questions
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What social changes did the Renaissance bring
about?
How did Machiavelli deal with the issue of political
power?
How did the printing press change European society?
What technical achievements did Renaissance artists
make? Why were they significant?
What was the significance of The War of the Roses in
England?
How did the popes handle the growing problems that
were emerging in the Church in the Fifteenth and
early Sixteenth Century?