Transcript Renaissance - Art Center

Renaissance
Architecture in Europe - The Re-birth of History:
Renaissance, Baroque, Rococco, Neoclassical
Europe
Renaissance – 1400’s, 1500’s
Rise of Vatican 16th c.
The rise of mercantilism – the
middle class
Renaissance born in Florence
Filippo
Brunelleschi
(1377-1446)
First architect
with a biography
Developed
vanishing-point
perspective
Rediscovers the
romanesque
More refined,
more geometric
Santa Maria del Fiore – The Duomo (Florence Cathedral)
Dome 1420-1434 (cathedral by others) - Italian-flavored gothic
Façade constructed in 19th c.
Foundling
Hospital 1419
visible regularity
Circles on
squares
Broken pediment, Tie rods
Santo Spirito 1436
Accentuated perspective
Basilica San Lorenzo1419
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472)
10 books on Architecture c. 1450
Architecture is more than a trade – a kind of
divine calling
S. Francesco, Rimini, c.1450
Modified Classicism
Santa Maria Novella
Façade, c.1460
Pediment
Volute transition from
nave to side aisles
Volute
S. Andrea, Mantua, c. 1470
Pediment, Triumphal Arch, square façade
proportion
“Giant” Order
Donato Bramante (1444-1514)
Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan 1492-1497
Tempietto, S. Pietro in Montorio, Rome 1502
(St. Peter’s martyr site)
Spolia – columns come directly from ancient
ruins
Christian symbols between the triglyphs
Piazza San Marco, Venice
Present form in1400s
Campanile
St. Mark’s Basilica (Byzantine) 1063
Doge’s Palace 1324
Clock Tower 1497
Procuratie - Offices & Hospice
Procuratie Vecchie 12th c.
Procuratie Nuove 1640
Napoleon’s wing 1810 - neoclassical
Nuovo
Napoleon
Vecchie
Andrea Palladio (1508-1580)
The 4 books of architecture 1570
The villa – escape from the city
Residences have level of finish,
detail and design formerly
reserved for churches
Temple of the family
Situation in the landscape
Villa Barbaro
Maser, 1555
“Farmhouse” with “stables” at wings
Sundial
Astrological Dial
Villa Badoer
Fratta Polesine, 1557
Villa Foscari
La Malcontenta
Malcontenta di Mira, 1560
Ruins
Grotto - Grotesque
Villa Capra
“Villa Rotunda”
Vicenza, 1566-70
San Francesco della Vigna
Venice, 1564
Il Redentore
Venice, 1576-91
Palazzo Chiericati
Vicenza, 1550-80
Rome and the Baroque
Theatrical, Figural composition &
meaning
Lingering classicism with fluidity
Prolific ornament
Large frescoes, chiaroscuro, trompel’oeil
Carlo Rainaldi (1611-1691)
Twin churches of Piazza del Popolo 1678 & 81
Classical motifs, but not throughout
Trick of perspective – one dome is elliptical
Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Piazza S. Pietro, Rome 1656-67
Pietro da Cortona (1596-1669)
S. Maria della Pace,1656
Francesco Borromini
(1599-1667)
Undulating facades
San Ivo della Sapienza
Rome, 1642-50
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontaine (facade)
Rome, 1665-76
France under the Sun King –
Louis IV
The Louvre
Pierre Lescot – the Cour Caree
1546
Bernini hired & fired 1664
Reversal of styles
Claude Perrault & Louis le Van
(Neoclassical Eastfront)
1667-70
Visconti & Lefuel (2nd empire
Baroque extensions) 1852-57
(I.M. Pei museum entrance
1983-89)
Andre le Notre (1613-1700)
Chateau de Versailles – late 1600s
Gardens
Hall of Mirrors
Chapel
Rococco
Freeform detail, primarily at interior
Organic – consumes classicism
Applique, not tectonic
Gabriel Germain Boffrand (1677-1754)
Hotel de Soubise interiors 1736
Salon
Die Wies, Pilgrimage Church 1746-1754
Balthassar Neumann (1687-1753)
Vierzehnheiligen, Pilgrimage church 1743
Neoclassical
Tends away from arches, but includes domes
Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington (1694-1753)
Chiswick House, London 1725
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781-1841)
Altes Museum, Berlin1824-30
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Monticello,Virginia1769-1809
Jefferson saw Palladian-inspired villas in France
Thomas Walter, 1859
U.S. Capitol
Cass Gilbert 1932-35
U.S. Supreme Court