Transcript Document 7137101

Islam
Objectives:
1. Describe the basics of Islam
2. Develop an understanding of where Islam
emerged from and when.
3. Compare Islam vs. Christianity
1.What is Islam?
2.Who are the Muslims?
3.What do Muslims believe?
4.How does someone become a Muslim?
5.What does 'Islam' mean?
6.Why does Islam often seem strange?
7.Do Islam and Christianity have
different origins?
8.What is the Ka'ba?
9.Who is Muhammad?
10.How did he become a prophet and a
messenger of God?
11.How did the spread of Islam affect
the world?
12.What is the Quran?
13.What is the Quran about?
14.Are there any other sacred sources?
15.What are the 'Five Pillars' of Islam?
16.Does Islam tolerate other beliefs?
17.What do Muslims think about
Jesus?
18.Why is the family so important to
Muslims?
19.What about Muslim women?
20.Can a Muslim have more than one
wife?
21.Is an Islamic marriage like a
Christian marriage?
22.How do Muslims treat the elderly?
23.How do Muslims view death?
24.What does Islam say about war?
25.What about food?
26.What is Islam's presence in the
United States?
27.How does Islam guarantee human
rights?
28.What is the makeup of The Muslim
World?
Key Terms of Islam
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Islam
Muslim
Quran/Q’ran/Koran
Mosque
5 Pillars of Islam
Allah
Muhammad
Mecca/Makkah
Medina
Caliph
Fundamentalist
Sunni
Shiite
Jihad
Sharia
Fatwa
Name____________________________
Islam Essay
Islam is both religion and a way of life. Over the past 1500
years, this religion has dramatically impacted the people, the
culture and the region of the Middle East.
Tasks:
-Explain the origins and main beliefs/practices of the Islamic
faith.
-Describe how the practices of Islam impact daily life for its
followers.
-Compare similarities and differences of Islam to Judaism and
Christianity.
5 Pillars of Islam
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5.
Faith/Shahadda: This is a prayer where one professes
their commitment to Allah. There is one God, Allah is
his name, Muhammad is his messenger.
Prayer/Salat: Each day, each Muslim must pray 5 times
a day to the east (or Makkah).
Alms to the Poor/Zakat: Each year one must give 2 ½ %
of their capital to the poor.
Fasting during Ramadan. During the holy month, each
Muslim must fast from sun up to sun down. Abstinence
from food and drink. (Saum)
Pilgrimage to Makkah/Hajj: Each Muslim that is
financially and physically able must visit the holy city of
Makkah. They must dress in plain cloths and visit the
holy Kabba.
Major Branches of Islam
Branch
Number of Adherents
Sunni
940,000,000
Shiite
120,000,000
Ahmadiyya
Druze
10,000,000
450,000
Where did this religion come from?
• Islam, the youngest religion emerged from the
Arab world. At this point in time in Arabia, people
were either Hindu, Christian, and some
Polytheists.
• In 608 AD, Muhammad was on a retreat or
meditating and had his first revelation of God,
through the Angel Gabriel. (Arabian Peninsula)
• In 622, the hijra/hegira or migration took place.
Those that followed Muhammad were persecuted,
so they left for Medina. He did return and Islam
was accepted more widely- this via war/conflict.
Common terms to know:
• Koran/Quran: Holy book. Many believe that Islam
is both a religion and a lifestyle, therefore the
words of the Quran are interpreted verbatim.
– 114 Chapters in rhyming prose
– The writing is in elaborate calligraphy
• Mosque: Church
• Caliph: Priest/leader
Discussion Questions
1.The Arab world observes many traditions. To what
extent are these traditions from before the time of
Mohammed? To what extent are the traditions a result
of the influence of Islam? Why do you suppose that
Muslim traditions are observed more strictly in some
parts of the Arab world than other parts?
2. In Saudi Arabia, boys and girls attend separate schools.
Males teachers cannot teach female students except by
close circuit television. Why do they use this system?
What are the advantages/disadvantages of this? How
might this impact the educational process?
3.Do you agree with the Muslim belief that people should
passively accept their lot in life? What people you
know accept this idea?
What do Muslims believe about Allah?
1. He is the one God, Who has no partner.
2. Nothing is like Him. He is the Creator, not created, nor a
part of His creation.
3. He is All-Powerful, absolutely Just.
4. There is no other entity in the entire universe worthy of
worship besides Him.
5. He is First, Last, and Everlasting; He was when nothing was,
and will be when nothing else remains.
6. He is the All-Knowing, and All-Merciful,the Supreme, the
Sovereign.
7. It is only He Who is capable of granting life to anything.
8. He sent His Messengers (peace be upon them) to guide all of
mankind.
9. He sent Muhammad (pbuh) as the last Prophet and Messenger
for all mankind.
10. His book is the Holy Qur'an, the only authentic revealed
book in the world that has been kept without change.
11. Allah knows what is in our hearts.
Muslims believe that God is One, indivisible, and
they believe in all the prophets of the Christians and
Jews including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael,
Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Moses, Aaron, David,
Solomon, Elias, Jonah, John the Baptist, and Jesus
(peace be upon them).
Muslims trace their lineage back through the Hebrew Scriptures to Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar, Abraham's
second wife. Later, as the story goes, Abraham's first wife Sarah conceived a son, whose name became Isaac. Isaac was the
chosen one, while Ishmael and his mother were banished to the South and began their lives anew close to what is now the
city of Mecca. Hundreds of years later, a child called Mohammed was born in the desert; he was a descendant of the Hebrew
Ishmael
Islam
Christianity
Faith without works is useless (it is not enough to
simply say "I believe).
Faith without works is useless (it is not enough to simply
say "I believe).
God severely punishes the worship of any deity other
than God Himself as well as disrespect toward Him.
God severely punishes the worship of any deity other than God
Himself, as well as disrespect toward Him.
Humans have rights (hence the prohibitions on
murder, theft, lying, violence).
Humans have rights (hence the prohibitions on
murder, theft, lying, violence).
Parents have special rights (to be honoured), as
do spouses (hence adultery is forbidden).
Parents have special rights (to be honoured), as do
spouses (hence adultery is forbidden).
Fornication and lewd behaviour are forbidden.
Fornication and lewd behaviour are
forbidden.
Transgressions similar to the Christian "seven deadly
sins" (avarice, pride, greed, gluttony; envy, lust, sloth)
are all spiritual illnesses.
Transgressions similar to the Catholic "seven
deadly sins" (avarice, pride, greed, gluttony;
envy, lust, sloth) are all spiritual illnesses..
Society's laws must be obeyed.
Society's laws must be obeyed.
Intoxication is forbidden.
Intoxication is forbidden
Suicide is forbidden.
Suicide is forbidden.
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The 2 Main Sects
Sunni vs. Shiite (Shia)
• Sunnis believe that the caliphate or priest must be
elected upon.
• Shiites believe that the caliphate must be related to
Ali. (actually decedents of Mohammed..but
Mohammed not have a son.)
• 90% of all Muslims are Sunni
• Shiites make up 10% of the Muslim population.
• Some of these Shiites are Fundamentalists
• Fundamentalists are radicals who have
misinterpreted the Koran or perverted it’s
teachings.
Compare Islam to Christianity
Create a Venn Diagram that deals with the
similarities and differences of Islam and Christianity
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Yellow is under Mohammed
Essential Questions of Islam (green book pp.231-239)
• What are the basic beliefs of Islam
• Why did Islam spread so rapidly throughout the Arab
world?
• Why did the Islamic world prosper in the Middle Ages?
• How did Muslims treat non-Muslims within the Islamic
Empire?
• Explain the impact of the Muslim Empire on Western
Europe
• Who are some important people of the Muslim Empire(s)
• What were Muslim contributions to:
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Science
Mathematics
Art
Literature
Culture
Islamic Art
Islamic Contributions
•Art
•Architecture
•Literature
•Science Mathematics
•The main idea: The Muslims preserved the ideas of the Greeks
and Romans. During the Crusades Christian knights brought back
these ideas to Europe.
Art Work
• Most of the art work is based on geometrical
designs
• No religious symbols: floral shapes/patterns
• Calligraphy is the basis of Arabic writing
• Arabic script is sometimes on buildings as art
work.
Architecture
• Arches and Domes:
• These ideas from the
Byzantine Empire
• Large courtyards
• Fountains
Inside the Dome is an outcropping of the bedrock of Mount Moriah, the
"Sacred Rock." On the rock's pock-marked surface is one indentation
which is believed to be the footprint left by Mohammed as he leapt into
heaven.
Literature
• The Quran is the basis for many pieces of
literature
• Poetry: prior to Muhammad there was a rich
tradition of oral history.
• Tales and stories of life, romanticism
• The Thousand and One Nights
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http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/ags/ti/personen/mfreeric/m/an/a_index.html
Mathematics/Astronomy
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Muslims studies Greek and Indian Math
Algebra (al-Khwarizmi)
Studied eclipses, earth’s rotation
Astrolabe
Navigation using stars
• http://mercury.spaceports.com/~islam/Science
Frame/math.htm - Operations_impact
ARABIC NUMERALS:
Photo: From top Modern Arabic (western);
Early Arabic (western);
Arabic Letters (used as
numerals); Modern Arabic
(eastern); Early Arabic
(eastern); Early
Devanagari (Indian);
Later Devanagari
The system of numeration employed
throughout the greater part of the world
today was probably developed in India, but
because it was the Arabs who transmitted
this system to the West the numerals it uses
have come to be called Arabic.
After extending Islam throughout the
Middle East, the Arabs began to assimilate
the cultures of the peoples they had subdued.
One of the great centers of learning was
Baghdad, where Arab, Greek, Persian,
Jewish, and other scholars pooled their
cultural heritages and where in 771 an
Indian scholar appeared, bringing with him
a treatise on astronomy using the Indian
numerical system.
Al-Biruni's world map, showing
the distribution
of land and sea, 1029 CE
Muslim Medicine
• Once again, built on Greeks and Indian
ideas
• Governments set up hospitals
• Interest in smallpox and the measles (think
around 800’s )
• Treatment of cataracts
• Medicines/pharmacology
Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Art
Literature
beautiful writing and patterns to
decorate buildings and art
consider Quran most important
piece of Arabic literature
adapt Byzantine domes and
arches
paint people and animals in
nonreligious art
chant oral poetry
Learning
translate writings of Greek
philosophers
develop algebra
astronomy
collect stories from other people
Medicine
require doctors to pass tests
set up hospitals with emergency
rooms
study diseases and write medical
books
Golden Age of the Muslim World
• The main idea of the Muslim Golden Age was that
the Muslims maintained the works of the
Greeks and Romans (two classical civilizations)
when Europe was in decline and decay (600
AD-1100)
• As the dark ages cast a shadow on Europe the
Muslim world flourished in art, literature, science,
trade and medicine.
• It was the Crusades in 1090 AD that altered the
dark ages when Christian knights brought back the
ideas of the Muslim world to Europe.
DBQ OUTLINE
• Read and complete the DBQ questions
• Disregard the intro and the conclusion!
• Create 3 body paragraphs (outline)
– Topic Sentence:
– Example
• Document(s)
• Outside information