Transcript THE BIG SIX Exploring Social Studies through the Lens

THE BIG SIX
Exploring
Social Studies
through the Lens
of Literacy
Southern
Regional
Education
Board
Nancy Blair
[email protected]
Today’s Objectives
 Establish Purpose of
Literacy Strategies in
Social Studies
Company
LOGO
 Explore Effective
Literacy Strategies
 Practice Use of
Strategies
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Why Do We Need an Across-the
Curriculum Emphasis on Literacy?
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Using literacy strategies
in content areas
is about teaching students how to
USE
reading
and
writing
as
TOOLS
LOGO
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for
THINKING
and
LEARNING.
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies for Every Teacher
 Simple strategies that get kids to read
and write.
 Read and write to learn the content of
Company
LOGOyour class.
 Most require little or no extra planning.
 All are active engagement
strategies.
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
A Marsden Giberter
Glis was very fraper. She had dernarpen Farfle’s marsden. She
did not talp a giberter for him. So, she conlanted to plimp a
marsden binky for him. She had just sparved the binky when he
jibbed in the gorger.
(Farfle)
Company
“Clorsty marsden!” she boffed.
LOGO
“That’s a crouistish marsden binky,” boffed Farfle, “but my
marsden is on Stansan. Agsan is Kelsan.”
“In that ruspen,” boffed Glis, “I won’t vank you your giberter until
Stansan.”
It isn’t Stansan
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
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July 10, 2008
Why was Glis fraper?
What did Glis plimp?
Who jibbed in the gorger when Glis sparved the
binky?
Why didn’t Glis vank Farfle his giberter?
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary
marsden=birthday
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LOGO
giberter=present
binky=card
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
What’s the story?
Now that you know some of the words, can you figure out what the story is
about? What are synonyms for some of the other gibberish words?
A Marsden Giberter
Company
Glis was
very fraper. She had dernarpen Farfle’s marsden.
LOGO
She did not talp a giberter for him. So, she conlanted to plimp
a marsden binky for him. She had just sparved the binky when
he jibbed in the gorger.
“Clorsty marsden!” she boffed.
“That’s a crouistish marsden binky,” boffed Farfle, “but my
marsden is on Stansan. Agsan is Kelsan.”
“In that ruspen,” boffed Glis, “I won’t vank you your giberter until
Stansan.”
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
The
“Big Six”
Reading
Skills
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
The Six
Company
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July 10, 2008






Summarizing
Paraphrasing
Categorizing
Inferring
Predicting
Recognizing Academic Vocabulary
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
How do we know these are
important?
Direct links to most items on ASSET/COMPASS
reading placement tests.
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Included in ACT
LOGO
Consistently in state standards
Recognized by postsecondary faculty for
importance
Linked to all content areas
Linked to careers
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Summarizing
 One of strategies on Marzano’s list of effective
instructional strategies
 Only skill identified in both Reading Next and
Company
Writing Next as improving essential literacy skills
LOGO
 Essential in research and other expository
writing
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies to teach
summarizing
 Jigsaw
Company
Paired Questioning
LOGO
GIST
 KWL
 Cornell Notes
 Reciprocal Teaching

predicting, questioning,
clarifying, and
summarizing
July 10, 2008
SREB
MAKING
MIDDLE GRADES
WORK
Southern
Regional
Education
Board
592 10th St. N.W.
Atlanta, GA 30318
(404) 875-9211
www.sreb.org
Literacy Across
the Curriculum:
Setting and Implementing Goals
for Grades Six through 12
SITE DEVELOPMENT GUIDE #12
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Simple Jigsaw
A method of Collaborative Learning designed to
increase student’s sense of responsibility by
making each one an expert on one part of a
Company
whole.
The
student
then
teaches
the
part
for
LOGO
which she/he has become an expert to the
other members of his/her
team or group.
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Simple Jigsaw Process
Company
1. Teaching / Reading
LOGO
4. Assessment
3. Team Reports
2. Talk
(Expert Groups)
5. Team Recognition
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Expert Group
 Summarize the main idea(s) of your
article.
 Give a specific example of how this
information can be applied to your
content area.
 Develop one question that you
feel would be most appropriate
for a quiz / test.
Southern
Regional
Education
Board
Cornell Note-taking
(Two Column Notes)
Company
LOGO
Step 1:
Draw a grid with 3 sections
Step 3:
Identify
key
concepts
or
questions
Step 2:
During lesson,
take notes
here; use
abbreviations
Step 4:
Summarize lesson here
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Summarizing and Notetaking
Students should learn to delete unnecessary
information, substitute some information, keep
Company
important information, write / rewrite, and analyze
LOGO
information.
EXAMPLES: Teacher models summarization techniques,
identify key concepts, bullets, outlines, clusters, narrative
organizers, journal summaries, break down assignments,
create simple reports, quick writes, graphic organizers,
column notes, etc.
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Identifying Key Ideas –
Rule-Based Strategy
 Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to
understanding;
 Delete redundant material;
Company
LOGO
 Substitute superordinate terms for lists (e.g.,
“flowers” for “daisies, tulips, and roses”); and
 Select a topic sentence, or invent one if it is
missing.
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The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Newspaper Strategy
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Who:
What:
Where:
When:
Why:
How:
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Other Summarizing Strategies
Company
LOGO
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Outlining
Acrostic Poem
Patterned Writing
ABC Chart – key words
Pyramid Summarizing
GIST
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Paraphrasing
 Reduces plagiarism—considered one of
the biggest academic “crimes”
Company
 Show adaptation for audience and
LOGO purpose—essential writing skills
 Reflects a deeper understanding of
material
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The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies to teach
paraphrasing
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Jigsaw
Paired Questioning
KWL
Cornell Notes
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Categorizing
 Ability to group information into
manageable chunks
 Essential for study skills
Company
LOGO
 Mandatory for problem analysis and
solution—especially in workplace or
laboratory
 Only easy for naturalist intelligence—must
be taught to others
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies to teach
categorizing
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
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
KWL
Graphic Organizers
Concept Definition Map
Frayer Model
Cornell Notes
Sorting activities
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Concept Definition Mapping
What is it? (definition)
What is it like?
Comparison/
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Contrast
LOGO
The Word
Democracy
What are some examples?
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
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The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
What is it?
Properties
climate
What is it like?
less than 25 cm.
of rainfall
Company
LOGO
rain forest
desert
heat radiates into
dry air at night
Comparisons
Mojave
no cloud cover;
winds dry land
Gobi
Sahara
Illustrations
What are some examples?
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
Category
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/
Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
The Frayer Model
Definition (in own words)
Characteristics
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Examples
(from own life)
WORD
Non-examples
(from own life)
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/
Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
The Frayer Model
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
Definition (in own words)
Characteristics
(To become
more durable)
To ingrain so
well in my
memory that I
will not forget.
Perdurable
Examples
(from own life)
Non-examples
(from own life)
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Essential Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
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5.
6.
LOGO
Individual freedom
Voting
Due Process of Law
Majority Rule/Minority
Rights
Equality before the law
Private property rights
Characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Some individual freedom
Political parties
President
Written Constitution
Jury trials
Limited Government
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
United States
Great Britain
Germany
India
Mexico
Japan
Australia
July 10, 2008
Non-examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
China
Cuba
Libya
Iraq (under Saddam Hussein)
Iran
North Korea
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Inferring
 Reading “between the lines”
 Encourages connection within a text, across
texts and to other contexts
Company
 Shows that a reader “really gets it”
LOGO
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The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies to teach inferring
Company
LOGO
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 RAFT (p. 20)
 Questioning the Author
 It Says . . . I Say . . . So
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
RAFT Examples for Social Studies
Role
Audience
Format
Topic
21st Century
Woman
Susan B.
Anthony
Thank-you
note
Women's Rights
Ben Franklin
Dear Abby
Advice
column
My son likes the British
Kaiser Wilhelm II
European
Recipe
Heads of State
How we can start a
World War
Kit Carson
Future tourists
Travel guide
Beautiful places in the
West
Mohandas Gandhi
Martin Luther
King Jr.
Letter
Nonviolent
opposition/resistance
Great Wall of
China
Self
Diary
Invaders I have seen and
stopped
Colorado River
Rafters
Travel guide
What you will see if you
travel my length
Rain Forest
Humans
Complaint
Deforestation
http://www.tantasqua.org/Superintendent/Profdevelopment/etraft.html
Questioning the Author
After reading a passage, students ask themselves:
 What is the author trying to tell you?
 Why is the author telling you that?
LOGO
 Is it said clearly?
 How might the author have written it more
clearly?
 What would you have wanted to say instead?
Company
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Questioning the Author
After students gain skills at making inferences, you
might add some of the following questions:
 Does this follow with what the author said
before?
LOGO
 What does the author take for granted that we
already know?
 Did the author tell us why?
 Why do you think the author included this
information?
Company
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
It Says . . . I Say . . . So
Company
LOGO
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
It Says . . . I Say . . . So
Company
LOGO
Source: http://www.sdesa6.org/content/docs/StrategiestoHelpReadersThroughInferences.pdf
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Predicting
 Form of inferencing
 Requires support for prediction
Company
 Forward thinking based on backward
LOGO
knowledge
 Required to solve non-routine problems in the
real world
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies to teach predicting
Company
LOGO





KWL
Story Impressions
Anticipation Guides (p. 9)
Visual Prediction Guide
Reciprocal Teaching

July 10, 2008
predicting, questioning,
clarifying, and summarizing
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Thinking through the Reading Assignment
Take 90 seconds to quickly scan your reading assignment. Use the headings, pictures, and other clues you get from this scan
to develop some questions about the reading. Then, as you read the assignment, take notes that answer each of the questions.
General Topic:
Question:
Question:
Question:
NOTES:
NOTES:
NOTES:
ABC Predicting Chart
In 2 minutes, list all the words/phrases you can
think of related to political campaigning.
A-B
C-D
E-F
G-H
I-J
K-L
M-N
O-P
Q-R
S-T
U-V
WXYZ
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
Set it
aside.
STOP
0:01
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The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Recognizing academic
vocabulary
 Separates success for second-language
students
Company
LOGO
 Technical language (jargon)
 Understanding roots and affixes
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Strategies for teaching
vocabulary
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
 Vocabulary Clues
 Concept Definition Map
 Frayer Model
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Development
Not ALL terms are critically important!
 So how do we decide what to put on our
Company
list?
LOGO
 Resources Collection


July 10, 2008
National Standards
State Standards
Local resources
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Development
FIGURE 7.1
Estimated Number of Terms That
Can Be Taught at Various Grade Levels
Company
Grade Level
LOGO
Number of
Words Per Week
Total Words
in 32 Weeks
Cumulative
Total
6
15
480
1,216
7
20
640
1,856
8
20
640
2,496
NOT per subject!
Adapted from Marzano’s book, Building Background
Knowledge for Academic Achievement
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Instruction –
Beyond Just the Dictionary
Some Examples
• Concept Definition Maps
Company
LOGO
• Visual and Virtual Word Association
• Frayer Model
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Verbal and Visual Word Association
Vocabulary
Term
Visual
Representation
Definition
Personal
Association or
Characteristic
Company
LOGO
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Source:
http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/
JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
Manifest
Destiny
Company
LOGO
July 10, 2008
The belief in the 19th
century that the U.S.
would, and had the right
to, inevitable expand
westward all the way to
the Pacific Ocean.
Destined to get bigger.
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Visual Representation
Latitude
Company
LOGO
Definition
Personal Association or
Characteristic
Source: http://www.tsssa.org/Downloads/Spring07Conference/JohnDavid/DavidVocab.ppt
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Foldable
Most useful for related pairs of words or pairs of words that are often confused.
Sheet of Paper
Fold the paper in half then fold
the top half down to form a
quarter and the bottom half up
for another quarter.
Democracy
Monarchy
Open the paper
Write the
definition
inside and
draw a
picture on
the back of
the word.
Democracy
Definition
Monarchy
Definition
Write two related terms or
terms that are often confused
– one on each outside flap.
Picture
Results
4-Yes
1-No
government by the people; a form of
government in which the supreme power
is vested in the people and exercised
directly by them or by their elected
agents under a free electoral system.
Monarchy
Picture
Results
4-Yes
1-No
Democracy
Definition
government by the people; a form of
government in which the supreme power
is vested in the people and exercised
directly by them or by their elected
agents under a free electoral system.
Monarchy
Definition
a state or nation in which the supreme
power is actually or nominally lodged in
a monarch.
Picture
Finished!
Democracy
government by the people; a form of
government in which the supreme power is
vested in the people and exercised
directly by them or by their elected
agents under a free electoral system.
Monarchy
a state or nation in which the supreme
power is actually or nominally lodged in
a monarch.
Pre-learning Concept Check
 List key concepts
 Students determine where they are before
reading
Company
LOGO
 Great test taking skill
 + = expert
  = heard of it
 0 = do not know it
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Key Terms
Read each term below and indicate in the blank
whether your level of knowledge is:
+ = expert
 = heard of it
0 = do not know it
Company
LOGO
___ Absolutism
___ Polarization
___ Oligopoly
___ Conscription
___ Suborn
___ Egalitarian
July 10, 2008
___ Social democrat
___ Debunk
___ Bi-partisan
___ Privatize
___ Omnicide
___ Federalist
___ Unilateralism
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Building WordSplash
 Using a Literacy Strategy to help students learn
specific facts/terms from content areas.
 Vocabulary development is best learned in the
Company
context of reading, writing, speaking and
LOGO
listening, not through arbitrary lists of terms and
definitions.
 Useful for building background knowledge and
as a pre-reading strategy.
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Building - WordSplash
 Benefits:
 Assess prior knowledge
 Provide motivation for reading
Company
LOGO
 Set a clear purpose for reading
 Decipher vocabulary
 Allow for a variety of modes of learning
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
Vocabulary Building - WordSplash
Teacher creates a WordSplash with a collection of
key terms from a passage (usually words students
may be familiar with)
Company
Display words at angles and randomly on an
LOGO
overhead or chart
Students generate complete sentences using the
words to predict the relationship between each term
and the broad topic. May expand to be entire
papers.
Students read to check for accuracy
Can become competitions
July 10, 2008
The Big Six: Exploring Social Studies through the Lens of Literacy
unleashed
mites and
aphids
Natural Pest Control
mission
insecticides
consume
Read “Legions of ladybug move into Manhattan,” USA Today, page 9A.
Final Thoughts/Questions
Southern
Regional
Education
Board