Transcript Physical Science Chapter 15 Classification of Matter

Physical Science, CP
Chapter 15
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Section 1: Composition of Matter
Section 2: Properties of Matter
Bell Ringer #5
Turn to page 451 and read the National
Geographic article about Visualizing Elements.
Answer the following questions:
Why is pure tungsten used for filaments in light bulbs?
What element is used to drape the trunk of your body during
X-rays and why is it used?
What is the main element found in smoke detectors?
Section 1: Composition of Matter
Standard 3: Demonstrate an understanding of various
properties and classifications of matter.
Indicators: 3.3, 3.4
Objectives:
Define substances and mixtures.
Identify elements and compounds.
Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions.
01 Classification of Matter.asx
Substance - a type of matter with a fixed composition.
Also called pure substances.
Substances can either be elements or compounds.
Element – made up of atoms with the same identity
Elements are found on the periodic table.
About 90 elements are found on Earth.
A compound is a substance with two or more elements
combined in a fixed proportion.
A chemical compound has different
characteristics than its original
components.
chlorine gas
sodium metal
sodium chloride
(table salt)
Compounds can be broken down into their elements through
chemical reactions only, and not by physical means.
Two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical
means form a mixture.
Mixtures can occur between and among all phases of matter
(solid, liquid, and gas).
Mixtures can either be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
Heterogeneous mixture - mixture of different and easily
distinguishable materials
Homogeneous mixture - contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or
solid substances blended evenly; also called a solution
Examples: apple juice,
vinegar, sealed soft drinks,
etc.
Colloid - heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never
settle
Colloids scatter light in the Tyndall effect
A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible
particles settle is called a
suspension.
02 Mixtures.asx
Review Questions
1. A _______ is a type of matter with a fixed composition.
A. colloid
B. mixture
C. substance
D. solution
C. substance
Review Questions
2. How many elements are found on Earth?
90
Review Questions
3. How are compounds different from mixtures?
The atoms in compounds are combined in fixed proportions
and cannot be separated by physical means.
A mixture is made of two or more substances that can be
easily separated by physical means.
Review Questions
4. (T/F) A homogeneous mixture contains substances that are not
evenly distributed.
False
Review Questions
5. What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
Solution
Read P. 448-456
Do 1-5 P. 456
Section 2: Properties of Matter
Standard 3: Demonstrate an understanding of various properties
and classifications of matter.
Standard 4: Demonstrate an understanding of chemical
reactions and the classifications, structures, and properties of
chemical compounds.
Indicators: 3.1, 3.4, 4.6, 4.8
Objectives:
Identify substances using physical properties.
Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes.
Identify chemical changes.
Determine how the law of conservation of mass applies to
chemical changes.
Physical property - characteristics of a material which can be
observed without changing the identity of the substances in the
material
03 Characteristics of Matter.asx
Appearance - physical description of a substance
Behavior - how a substance acts; for example, magnetism,
viscosity, ductility
Examples of physical properties: color, shape, viscosity, electrical
conductivity, size, solubility, density, melting point (temp.),
freezing point (temp.), boiling point (temp.), and magnetic
attraction
Physical properties such as size and magnetism can be used to
separate mixtures.
Filtration is a process for separating a mixture by passing small particles through a filter
and retaining large particles.
Physical change - change in a substance’s size, shape, or
state of matter (liquid, solid, gas) in which the identity remains
the same.
Heating iron is a physical change…why?
Distillation is a process for separating a mixture by evaporating a
liquid and condensing its vapor.
Chemical property - characteristics of a substance indicating that
it can change chemically; for example, flammability or light
sensitivity of a substance
01 Introduction to Chemical Reactions.asx
Chemical stability
Electronegativity
Flammability
Ionization potential
Preferred oxidation state(s)
pH balance
Reactivity against other chemical Preferred types of bonds to form e.g., metallic,
ionic, covalent
substances
Heat of combustion
Enthalpy of formation
Toxicity
When one substance changes to another substance, a chemical
change has occurred.
Indicators (not proof) of chemical changes:
gas formed, heat, cooling, odor given off,
possible color change, or the formation of
bubbles or solids form in a liquid
(precipitate).
Some chemical changes
occur very slowly such as
the formation of rust.
Precipitate of cadmium
sulfide forms from clear
solutions of sodium sulfide
and cadmium nitrate.
Weathering involves both physical and chemical changes.
Big rocks split into smaller ones;
streams carry rock particles from
one location to another
Chemical changes can occur in rocks
when calcium carbonate in limestone
changes to calcium hydrogen
carbonate due to acid rain.
Pinnacles, formed from a combination of limestone
and acid rain
Law of Conservation of Mass - Mass of all substances present
before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after
the change.
RJ Design TM
Law of Conservation of Mass - Mass of all substances present
before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after
the change.
RJ Design TM
Review Questions
1. Which of the following is a chemical property?
A. boiling point
B. density
C. flammability
D. melting point
C. flammability
Review Questions
2. A characteristic of a material that can be observed without
changing the identity of the substances that make up the materia
is a ______________.
physical property
Review Questions
3. What does the law of conservation of mass state?
The mass of all substances that are present before a chemical
change equals the mass of all substances that remain after the
change.
Review Questions
4. (T/F) When a substance undergoes a physical change, its
identity changes.
False
Review Questions
5. (T/F) A phase change is an example of a chemical change.
False, all phase changes are physical changes
15.2
P. 465
1-6
Ch. 15 Notetaking Worksheet or Science Notebook
Homework: Define Vocabulary Ch. 15 and Complete Ch. 15 Notetaking Worksheet
Science Notebook SE Ch. 15.pdf
Ch 15 note taking worksheet.doc
Science Notebook TE Ch. 15.pdf
Bell Ringer 5
Notes Ch. 15.1
Check Ch. 15 Vocabulary
Worksheets: Composition of Matter
Homework: 15.1 Section Review & Notetaking Worksheet
Directed Reading - Composition of Matter and Properties of Matter.pdf
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures IF8765.pdf
Notebook Quiz 2
Notes Ch. 15.2
Worksheets: Properties of Matter/Chemical & Physical Change
Homework: 15.2 Section Review and Study for Vocabulary Quiz Ch. 15
Chemical vs Physical Change IF8765.pdf
The Recycling Factory.pdf
Tips for Writing a Letter.pdf
Vocabulary Quiz Ch. 15
Chromatography Lab
Worksheets: Classification of Matter
Homework: Book Review P. 470 (1-17) 18, P. 472 (1-7)
Chapter Test Review - Classification of Matter.pdf
Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 15.doc
Bell Ringer 6
Grade and Go Over Ch. 15 Book Review
Highlight Notes
Worksheets: Study Guide Ch. 15
Homework: Study for Ch. 15 Test
Study Guide Ch 15.doc
Ch. 15 Test
Worksheets: Ch. 16 Notetaking Worksheet
Homework: Ch. 16 Notetaking Worksheet, Define Vocabulary Ch. 16
Test (A and B).tst
Attachments
01 Classification of Matter.asx
02 Mixtures.asx
02 Panning_for_Gold.asx
03 Characteristics of Matter.asx
01 Introduction to Chemical Reactions.asx
Ch 15 note taking worksheet.doc
Study Guide Ch 15.doc
Test (A and B).tst
Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 15.doc
Chapter Test Review - Classification of Matter.pdf
Directed Reading - Composition of Matter and Properties of Matter.pdf
Tips for Writing a Letter.pdf
The Recycling Factory.pdf
Science Notebook TE Ch. 15.pdf
Science Notebook SE Ch. 15.pdf
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures IF8765.pdf
Chemical vs Physical Change IF8765.pdf