Transcript Chapter 6: Organizational Information Systems
O
RGANIZATIONAL
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEMS
Chapter 6
Fire your Customer
W
HAT DO
M
ANAGERS
D
O
?
They make _________ _________ ___________= better managers The amount of information people must understand to make _________ , solve problems, and find opportunities is growing exponentially
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P
ROGRAMMED
V
ERSUS
N
ONPROGRAMMED
D
ECISIONS _________ decisions Decisions made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method Easy to computerize using traditional information systems _________ _________ decisions Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations Not easily quantifiable
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T
YPES OF DECISIONS • _________ • How many workers to staff line A – What is the EOQ for raw material Z – How many turbines to power Lethbridge?
• _________ • What are the benefits of merging with XYZ – How will consumer react if we lower the price by 10% – What are the benefits of MacDonald's opening up Hotels
L
EVELS OF THE
O
RGANIZATION
6-5
W
HO
, W
HAT
, W
HY
: O
RGANIZATIONAL
L
EVEL
6-6
W
HO
, W
HAT
, W
HY
: M
ANAGERIAL
L
EVEL
W
HO
, W
HAT
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HY
: E
XECUTIVE
L
EVEL
B
ASIC
S
YSTEMS
M
ODEL
6-9
S
YSTEM
T
YPE
: T
RANSACTION
S
YSTEMS
P
ROCESSING
6-10
S
YSTEM
D
ESCRIPTION
: T
RANSACTION
P
ROCESSING
S
YSTEMS
TPS
s are designed to process business events and transactions
Architecture Components
• _________
Documents
•
Data Entry Methods
•
Manual
– • _________ –(e.g. a barcode scanner) •
Fully Automated
systems) – (e.g. automatic orders from inventory •
Processing
• _________ •
Batch
–
6-11
S
YSTEM
E
XAMPLE
: P
AYROLL
S
YSTEM
(TPS)
Global logistics
6-12
S
YSTEM
T
YPE
: M
ANAGEMENT
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEM
6-13
S
YSTEM
D
ESCRIPTION
: M
ANAGEMENT
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEMS
MISs
are used by _________
employees
to support recurring decision making in managing a function or the entire business
Supported Activities
•
Scheduled Reporting
- produced automatically based on a
predetermined schedule
. Some include: • _________ – e.g. Monthly Sales Report •
Exception
– e.g. Monthly Late Shipments • _________ – printed only if needed •
Ad Hoc Reporting
– _________ reports (e.g. sales data by person report to identify issues)
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S
YSTEM
A
RCHITECTURE
: M
ANAGEMENT
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEM
6-15
S
YSTEM
T
YPE
: E
XECUTIVE
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEM
(EIS)
6-16
S
YSTEM
D
ESCRIPTION
: E
XECUTIVE
S
YSTEMS
I
NFORMATION
EISs
, also called
Executive Support Systems
(ESS), information systems to support _________ decision-making
System Details
use
graphical user interfaces
information : • _________
Data
• _________ – to display consolidated
Supported Activities
•
Executive
_________
Making
•
Long-range Strategic Planning
• _________
of Internal and External Events
•
Crisis Management
• _________
and Labour Relations 6-17
S
YSTEM
A
RCHITECTURE
: E
XECUTIVE
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEMS
Digital dashboard
6-18
S
YSTEMS
T
HAT
S
PAN
O
RGANIZATIONAL
B
OUNDARIES
6-19
D
ECISION
S
UPPORT
S
YSTEMS
Decision Support Systems
systems designed to support _________
level
organizational decision making employees in
System Details
use
computational software
to construct models for analysis (_________ _________ )to solve semi-structured problems (e.g. sales or resource forecasts)
Supported Activities
:
“
_________
” analysis
– changing one or more variables in the model to observe the effect (e.g. What is the payment if the interest rate increases by 1% ?)
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C
OMMON
D
ECISION
S
UPPORT
S
YSTEMS
6-21
E
XPERT
S
YSTEMS
Expert Systems
used by _________ level employees to make decisions usually made by more experienced employees or an expert in the field
System Details
use _________
engines
that match
facts
and
rules
, sequence
questions
for the user, draw a
conclusion
, and present
a recommendation
to the user
Supported Activities
: These systems support many activities, including: • _________
Diagnosis
• •
Machine Configuration
• _________
Planning Software Application Assistance (help wizards) 6-22
W
EB
S
YSTEM BASED
E E
XPERT XAMPLE
– S
YSTEMS
EXSYS
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O
FFICE
_________ S
YSTEMS
Office
_________
Systems
increase productivity within the office setting
Supported Activities
•
Scheduling Resources Examples
: electronic calendars •
Document
_________
Example
s: software (word processing and desktop publishing); hardware (printers) •
Communicating Examples
: e-mail, _________ _________ , videoconferencing and groupware
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C
OLLABORATIVE
T
ECHS
(G
ROUPWARE
)
Groupware
enables people to work together more effectively
Supported Activities
These systems come in two types: • _________
Groupware
– Systems that do not require users to be on the system working at the same time, including: e-mail, newsgroups, workflow automation, group calendars, and collaborative writing tools • _________
Groupware
– Systems that allow and support simultaneous group interactions including shared whiteboards, electronic meeting support systems, video communication systems
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S
YSTEM
D
ESCRIPTION
: G
ROUPWARE
6-26
S
YSTEM
D
ESCRIPTION
: G
ROUPWARE
B
ENEFITS
6-27
S
YSTEM
D
ESCRIPTION
: F
UNCTIONAL
A
REA
I
NFO
S
YSTEMS
___________ Area Information Systems
Cross-organizational information systems are designed to support a specific functional area
Supported Activities
The following functional organizations have systems to support their operational and managerial activities •
Accounting
•
___________
•
___________
daytraders Workforce absenteeism •
___________
•
Operations
Peppers & Rogers
6-28
G
LOBAL
I
NFORMATION
S
YSTEMS
Global Information Systems
A variety of special-class systems used to support organizations that operate globally
Supported Activities
Depending on the organization, one or more of these systems may be required (definitions on next slide): •
International Accounting Systems
•
Transnational Information Systems
•
Multinational Information Systems
•
Global Information Systems
•
Collaborative Information Systems 6-29
S
YSTEM
E
XAMPLES
: G
LOBAL
S
YSTEMS
I
NFORMATION
6-30