Donor Case Studies
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Donor Case Studies
Optimal Management
Harbor-UCLA Critical Care – Organ Donation Symposium
April 12, 2010
Brant Putnam, MD FACS
Trauma / Acute Care Surgery / Surgical Critical Care
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
What is OPTIMAL donor
management?
= GOOD CRITICAL CARE
OPTIMAL donor management
begins PRIOR to proclamation of
brain death.
The ICU nurses and physicians are
jointly responsible for optimal
donor management, not just the
OPO.
If the patient has not been
formally pronounced brain dead,
then the patient is alive.
Who is not willing to provide good
critical care to a live patient?
NO ONE
Case #1
63yo
male found lying against a wall
Possible
fall vs. assault
Large laceration to occipital area
GCS 1-4-1
Pupils sluggish
Case #1
Called
as a “Tier II” (high acuity) trauma
A
- Patent, but not protected
B - Spontaneous, clear bilaterally
C - P = 86 BP – 150
D - Unresponsive
GCS = 1-4-1
Pupils 32, sluggish
Blood from left ear
Case #1
Intubated in the ED for airway
protection
Taken for CT scan for suspected
severe traumatic brain injury
Multiple intraparenchymal
hemorrhages
Large left
subdural
hematoma
(w/ midline shift)
Case #1
Neurosurgery consultation
To OR immediately for bilateral craniectomy +
evacuation ICH and SDH
GCS 1-1-1
Coagulopathic
and HD unstable intra-op
Prognosis deemed poor leaving the OR
Case #1
Patient transported to ICU
Time
BP
P
0400
2200
140/70 140/70
90
85
2300
160/80
110
0000
80/60
60
0100
100/70
100
Labetalol given Levophed started
What do you think happened here?
Case #1: So to review…
Time
2200
2300
0000
0100
BP
140/70
160/80
80/60
100/70
P
85
110
60
100
Pupils
4, sluggish
4 mm,NR
6 mm, NR
6 mm, NR
Motor
Flexor pos
Flexor pos
No
movement
No movement
Cough
+
+
-
-
Herniation
Brain Herniation
Often accompanied by
catecholamine storm
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Avoid anti-hypertensives
Management Goal #1
Appropriate hemodynamic resuscitation to
maintain perfusion to potential organs for
donation
Maintain
MAP 65-100 mmHg
Place central venous line; fluid resuscitation to
CVP 4-10 cm H20
Use of < 1 vasopressor
Dopamine
< 10 mcg/kg/min
Levophed < 10 mcg/min
Neosynephrine < 60 mcg/min
Consider
hormonal resuscitation with T4 protocol
What should happen next??
Begin testing for brain death
One Legacy notification (actually should have
already been notified!!!)
Clinical optimization
When to notify One Legacy…
Case #1: What did happen….
Next morning… 1200 noon
One Legacy notified
Physician to hold family conference to
discuss poor prognosis
No new orders written…
No new orders written…
Time
0800 1200
1800
2400
24 hr total
UOP
300
250
300
100
- 1000 cc
Na
153
158
164
165
165
What do you think is going on here? Management?
Diabetes Insipidus
Excretion of large amounts of severely dilute
urine
“Central” – no ADH release from brain
Kidney can not concentrate urine
Therapy
DDAVP
(desmopressin acetate)
Synthetic
Free
analogue of ADH
water replacement
Frequent monitoring of serum Na
What was done…
DDAVP given at 1900
Time
UOP
Na
0800
300
153
1200
250
158
1800
300
164
2400
100
165
Free water replacement started next morning
(POD #2)…
M.D. “brain death evaluation when electrolytes
correct”
Management Goal #2
Maintain perfusion to all organs
Goal urine output 1-3 cc/kg/hr
Suspect
DI if U/O > 200 cc/hr x 2 hrs
Treat with DDAVP and fluid (free H2O)
Keep serum Na 135-155
Meanwhile…
POD #3
Time
0000
0600
1200
1800
2400
Glucose
219
160
406
465
398
Management?
Insulin drip finally started next morning at 0900
Management Goal #3
Potential
donors are critically ill patients
Tight glucose control applies
Increase
frequency of Accu-checks
Increase sliding scale
Insulin drip as needed
Goal
is to keep serum glucose < 150
As time passes . . .
Multiple ventilator alarms
PIPs
45-50
Low exhaled tidal volumes
O2 sats 85%
Increase TVs to 1 L to maintain sats 88-90%
Is this the best
ventilator
management?
Management Goal #4
Maintain good oxygenation
PaO2/FiO2
ratio > 300
Reduce
FiO2 to reduce oxygen toxicity
Avoid high PEEP effects on hemodynamics
Maintain adequate ventilation
ABG
pH 7.30-7.45
Avoid barotrauma to lungs
PIPs
< 32 cm H20
Case #1: POD #4
0300 1st Brain Death Note written
(Note: 75 hours after herniation event)
1000 2nd Brain Death Note written
1455 One Legacy obtains consent for all organs
and tissue
Case #1: Outcome
HD deterioration to near-code
Poor organ function
Crashed donor to OR because of instability
Kidneys recovered
Kidney biopsy results poor
No organs suitable for transplant
Case #2 – Getting it right . . .
22yo male S/P pedestrian struck by auto x 2
GCS
1-1-1
Lost pulses on arrival; CPR x 12 min
Devastating brain injury
One Legacy notified within 4 hours of arrival
Case #2
Case #2
Ongoing resuscitation
IV
fluid to CVP 8
Blood products to keep Hb near 10
Correction of coagulopathy
Use of Levophed to maintain MAP > 65
Addition of T4 within 4 hours
Adequate oxygenation / ventilation
ABG
7.39 / 40 / 118 / 24 / -2 / 99%
PaO2 / FiO2 = 350
PIPs 22-24
Case #2
Early treatment of DI
DDAVP
Free
water replacement
Na 150-154
Tight glycemic control with insulin drip
Loss of brainstem functions
First BD note < 12 hours after arrival
Case #2
Outcome - 7 organs transplanted at local
centers:
Right
lung
Left lung
Heart
Liver
Right kidney
Left kidney
Pancreas
Case #3: Steven
17yo
male S/P skateboarding accident
GCS 1-1-1
Severe DAI, small SDH on CT scan
Devastating brain injury
Case #3: Steven
Donor Management Goals
Appropriate hemodynamic resuscitation
MAP 65-100
ALL organs
CVP 4-10
Lungs, ALL
EF 50-70%
Heart, ALL
Use of < 1 vasopressor
Heart, ALL
Hormonal
resuscitation
with T4 protocol
ALL
Donor Management Goals
Good oxygenation / ventilation
PaO2/FiO2 ratio
Lungs
ABG pH 7.30-7.45
Lungs, ALL
PIPs < 32 cm H20
Lungs
Urine output 1-3 cc/kg/hr
Kidney
Serum Na 135-155
Liver
Pancreas
Glucose < 150