Transcript Artificial reefs do increase secondary biomass production

The following supplement accompanies the article
Artificial reefs do increase secondary biomass production:
mechanisms evidenced by stable isotopes
Pierre Cresson1,2,3,*, Sandrine Ruitton1,2, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien1,2
1
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
2
Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 83957 La Garde, France
3
Present address: IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement & Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, BP 330, 83507 La Seyne sur Mer Cedex, France
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Marine Ecology Progress Series 509: 15–26 (2014)
Supplement. Additional stable isotope data for groups of organic matter sources (Table S1) and for consumer species (Table S2)
1
Table S1. δ 13C and δ 15N (mean and standard deviation) measured for all organic matter (OM) sources on artificial reefs. n SIA: number of
stable isotope analyses performed for each species or OM pool. POM: particulate organic matter; SOM: sediment organic matter. Data for nanoand microphytoplankton were taken from Rau et al. (1990) and Darnaude et al. (2004), respectively
Group
Species
n SIA
Mean
Chlorobionta
Tracheophyta
Chromobionta
Rhodobionta
OM pools
Pelagic producers
Bryopsis cupressina J.V. Lamouroux
Caulerpa cylindracea Verlaque, Huissman and Boudouresque
Codium bursa C. Agardh
Codium vermillara Delle Chiaje
Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Dellile
Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) C. Agardh
Cystoseira zosteroides C. Agardh
Dictyopteris sp. J.V. Lamouroux
Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux
Dictyota implexa (Desfontaine) J.V. Lamouroux
Halopteris sp. Kützing
Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy
Sporochnus pedunculatus (Hudson) C. Agardh
Taonia atomaria Woodward J. Agardh
Zardinia typus (Nardo) P.C. Silva
Asparagopsis armata Harvey
Bonnemaisonia sp., C. Agardh
Bornetia secundiflora (J. Agardh) Thuret
Dudresnaya verticillata (Withering) Le Jol
Polysiphonia subulifera (C. Agardh) Harvey
Sphaeroccocus coronopifolius Stackhouse
Spyridia filamentosa (Wulfen) Harvey
Artificial reef POM
Artificial reef SOM
Huveaune River POM
Nanophytoplankton (2−10 µm)
Microphytoplankton (>10 µm)
3
24
33
24
49
12
6
33
48
9
24
18
8
9
3
3
3
3
3
21
24
3
48
216
24
−
−
δ13C
−17.62
−19.14
−14.68
−19.43
−15.44
−21.74
−23.58
−20.91
−21.51
−19.37
−24.41
−14.63
−30.48
−21.69
−20.67
−25.61
−31.30
−21.63
−32.82
−21.00
−32.05
−18.36
−24.18
−21.95
−26.25
−25.23
−22.70
SD
δ 15N
Mean
SD
0.73
1.62
1.31
2.05
1.03
1.25
1.47
3.11
1.23
0.73
1.09
1.43
2.50
1.58
0.81
0.05
0.08
0.03
1.06
2.13
0.97
0.62
0.85
0.57
0.51
1.16
0.76
3.62
4.61
4.44
4.28
3.74
4.12
3.75
3.58
3.70
3.06
3.38
4.76
2.82
3.25
2.94
2.68
3.46
3.90
4.04
3.31
3.95
3.70
5.13
3.67
4.48
1.77
3.17
0.29
0.71
1.13
0.38
0.90
0.29
1.01
0.91
0.91
0.61
0.47
0.56
1.37
0.44
0.23
0.09
0.11
0.09
0.83
0.48
0.49
0.21
0.90
0.25
0.41
0.25
1.25
2
Table S2. Mean isotopic ratios of consumers. N indiv: number of individuals analyzed for each species. n: unnumbered small individuals pooled together. HCA group
(group issued from hierarchical clustering analysis and used in Table 1 and Fig. 2 in the main article): SB meso, sandy-bottom mesocarnivores; Macroc,
macrocarnivores. Trophic group: Zoopk, zooplankton-feeding fish; Bent Inv, benthic invertebrate-feeding fish
Phylum, Class,
Family
Species
Annelida, Polychaeta
Mollusca, Bivalvia
Chaetopterus variopedatus (Renier, 1804)
Anomia ephippium Linnaeus, 1758
Hiatella artica (Linnaeus, 1767)
Limaria hians (Gmelin, 1791)
Mimachlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ostrea edulis Linnaeus 1758
Mollusca, Gastropoda Cerithium vulgatum (Bruguière, 1792)
Fissurela nubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Jujubinus exasperatus (Pennant, 1777)
Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Arthropoda,
Alpheus glaber (Olivi, 1792)
Malacostracea
Athanas nitescens
(Leach, 1813 [in Leach, 1813-1814])
Dardanus sp. Paulson, 1875
Galathea intermedia Liljeborg, 1831
Palaemon sp. Weber, 1793
Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)
Pilumnus hirtellus (Linnaeus, 1761)
Echinodermata,
Echinaster sepositus (Retzius, 1783)
Asteroidea
Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Echinodermata,
Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791
Holothuridaea
Chordata, Ascidiacea Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Halocyntia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
Phallusia mamillata (Cuvier, 1815)
Chordata, Actinopterigyii
Carangidae
Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)
Centracanthidae
Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758)
Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Labridae
Coris julis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Symphodus tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
N indiv
HCA group
Trophic group
δ 13C
Mean
SD
δ 15N
Mean
SD
56
27
30
13
29
25
4
7
5
14
n
n
C. variopedatus
Bivalves
Bivalves
Bivalves
Bivalves
Bivalves
Gastropods
Gastropods
Gastropods
H. trunculus
Crustaceans
Crustaceans
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
Grazer
Grazer
Grazer
Predator
Omnivore
Omnivore
−22.17
−22.05
−20.48
−22.65
−21.05
−21.52
−20.90
−18.30
−18.28
−17.94
−21.30
−20.90
1.09
1.93
0.75
0.44
0.92
0.73
0.11
0.88
0.58
0.49
0.73
0.88
3.60
3.78
4.40
3.68
4.55
3.57
4.98
5.02
4.21
8.69
5.83
6.05
0.46
0.34
0.14
0.14
0.30
0.68
0.05
0.50
0.10
0.72
0.35
0.30
13
19
n
11
8
16
6
11
Crustaceans
Crustaceans
Palaemon
Palinurus
Crustaceans
E. sepositus
M. glacialis
H. tubulosa
Omnivore
Omnivore
Predator
Omnivore
Omnivore
Predator
Predator
Detritivore
−20.93
−21.61
−19.93
−20.00
−21.53
−18.91
−17.17
−16.60
0.90
0.71
0.55
0.57
0.70
2.74
0.53
1.03
6.00
4.96
7.44
5.76
5.97
5.84
8.15
7.55
0.54
0.42
0.46
0.81
0.49
0.57
1.13
0.41
35
19
17
Ascidians
Ascidians
Ascidians
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
Filter feeder
−21.23
−21.87
−22.62
0.71
1.41
0.70
5.29
5.59
5.69
0.51
0.58
0.61
5
10
9
13
6
5
Pelagic piscivores
Zoopk
Zoopk
Labrids
Labrids
Labrids
Piscivore
Zoopk
Zoopk
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
−18.74
−19.51
−19.73
−18.62
−18.78
−19.25
0.77
0.33
0.41
0.55
0.84
0.26
14.87
7.83
8.61
9.74
9.55
9.17
2.98
0.25
0.77
0.31
0.52
0.52
3
Moronidae
Mullidae
Phycidae
Scorpaenidae
Serranidae
Soleidae
Sparidae
Sphyraenidae
Synodontidae
Triglidae
Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Scorpaena notata Rafinesque, 1810
Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758
Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808)
Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pagellus acarne (Risso, 1827)
Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier, 1829
Synodus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Trigloporus lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788)
4
35
3
33
28
5
20
7
33
48
20
5
20
20
5
3
3
Pelagic piscivores
SB meso
Benthic piscivores
Macroc
Macroc
Benthic piscivores
Macroc
SB meso
Zoopk
Diplodus
Diplodus
Diplodus
SB meso
SB meso
Pelagic piscivores
Benthic piscivores
SB meso
Piscivore
Bent Inv
Piscivore
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Pisicvore
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Zoopk
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Bent Inv
Piscivore
Piscivore
Bent Inv
−18.20
−17.88
−17.95
−17.66
−17.67
−18.07
−18.36
−18.14
−19.90
−18.85
−18.14
−18.77
−17.76
−17.77
−19.33
−18.30
−17.90
2.53
0.72
0.30
0.39
0.49
0.22
0.22
0.34
0.29
1.10
0.78
0.69
0.60
0.26
0.85
0.46
0.56
13.92
9.94
10.73
10.15
9.74
10.06
9.79
10.20
8.46
11.72
11.59
11.54
10.64
10.81
11.07
10.50
9.76
0.6
0.67
0.33
0.5
0.41
0.23
0.23
0.14
0.32
1.65
0.83
0.73
0.56
0.6
0.65
0.79
1.07
4