Transcript SSSW 2008 Summary  http://kmi.open.ac.uk/events/sssw08/presentations.php  [email protected] Sunday: Registration & Reception    Around 50 students Mostly from Europe, a couple from Asia (Japan) and one from US. John Domingue (director)

SSSW 2008 Summary
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http://kmi.open.ac.uk/events/sssw08/presentations.php
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[email protected]
Sunday: Registration &
Reception
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Around 50 students
Mostly from Europe, a couple from Asia
(Japan) and one from US.
John Domingue (director) welcomes
everybody and warns about not getting
stressed about the demanding schedule: a
lot of theory, but also a lot of socializing.
Monday: Introduction
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Main goal of SSSW is to train future researches who
want to enter in the SW area.
The socializing part of the school is as important as
the theory because that is how projects start.
Overview of what is to come.
Monday: Ontology Languages
for the Semantic Web
Theory by Sean Bechhoffer (Manchester)
•Reasons to use Ontology Languages:
•Annotation, integration, inference
•Current languages:
•XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL
•Semantic Networks, Topic Maps, UML, Description
Logics, Rules, First Order Logic, Conceptual Graphs
•Analysis of RDF, RDFS and OWL (hint of SKOS)
Monday: Pattern Based
Ontology Design
Aldo Gangemi (Semantic Technology Laboratory, Rome)
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Capture solutions and best practices of using ontologies
and OWL into Ontology Design Patterns (OPs) and
provide tools to make ontology design and use easier.
Several categories of OPs: Content, Presentation,
Reasoning, Architectural, Logical, Refactoring, etc.
Special attention to Content Ontology Patterns, which
can be used to model parts of ontologies (e.g. model
time, n-ary relations, etc.).
http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org
Monday: Practice OWL &
Design Patterns
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Follow a tutorial using OWL in Protégé 4
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Try to predict and explain OWL reasoning results
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http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/2008/07/sssw
Use TopBraid to build an ontology
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following Extreme Ontology Design method (pair-based
modelling, test-oriented)
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Reuse library of common design patterns to create
ontology.
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Plugin for Protege available, but P4 doesn't currently
support SPARQL querying (so no test-oriented
development).
Monday: Poster Sessions
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Every student has to present a poster
Only two sessions, so you can have a look at half of the
other student's work
Good mix of interests: Semantic Web Services (and
frameworks), Natural Language Processing, Ontology
design and use support.
Tuesday: Invited Talk by Guus
Schreiber
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Experiences of using SW technologies in the area of
Cultural Heritage and Demo.
Cultural Heritage domain already provides vast amounts of
metadata. The main problem becomes converting the plain
metadata into semantic metadata:
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Reach syntactic interoperability: SKOS
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Align metadata schema: Dublin Core, OWL
Subproperties
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Enrich metadata: most time consuming, information
extraction from plain metadata.
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Align the vocabularies: semantic alignment
Tuesday: Ontology Matching and
Alignment
Jérôme Euzenat (INRIA, France)
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Main concepts: Correspondence, Alignment, Matching,
Generation
Applications: Ontology evolution, P2P information sharing,
Agent communication, Web services composition, etc.
Match based on: entity name, structure, extension(how
ontology is used), semantics, background knowledge
Examples: edit-distance, Wordnet
Different ways to combine matchers to improve resulting
alignment
http://oaei.ontologymatching.org/
Tuesday: Ontological Engineering
Asunción Gómez Pérez (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
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Extensive documentation based on deliverables for NeOn
project
Based on Software Engineering (resembles RUP in
complexity)
Extensive glossary of activities, workflows (e.g. how to
reengineer non ontological resources), life cycles, decision
trees for selecting activities, templates for requirement
gathering, ontology specification, etc.
Tuesday: Practice
Ontology Matching & Alignment
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Practice using APIs and services
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http://alignapi.gforge.inria.fr/
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http://scarlet.open.ac.uk/
Ontological Engineering
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Follow Neon Methodology to create an ontology
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Write specification based on a textual description
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Build ontology using Watson plug-in (reuse concepts and
relationships found on the internet).
Wednesday: Talk by Marc Greaves
(Vulcan Inc.)
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Background information about US Computer Science
funding, especially DARPA
US SW: DARPA's DAML Program $45M over 5 years
After DARPA (2005) no research follow-up, but lots of startups and commercial use. Emphasis on Databases with SW
In EU: Large Public Sector Investments, R&D
Institutes(DERI and STI), Emphasis on Social and Web.
SW has evolved from a machine web, through enterprise
integration to current Web 2.0 user-centric.
Next step: LarKC (EC Framework 7 Program), make SW
as scalable as possible.
Wednesday: SW Technologies for
Capturing, Sharing and Reusing Knowledge
Fabio Ciravegna (Sheffield)
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Main goal is to share knowledge (acquisition and capture
are only prerequisites)
Ontology-based annotation: use an ontology + UI +
knowledge source to add semantic annotation (e.g.
AktiveMedia)
Automatic Techniques: Named Entity Recognition,
Terminology Recognition (Linguistic, Statistical, Distance
based approaches), Table Field Extraction, Event
modelling (IE hits a performance ceiling 60/70
Precision/Recall ratio since 1998)
K-Search: provide hybrid search (keyword + semantics)
Wednesday: Semantic Web Services:
Approaches and Applications
John Domingue (KMI, Open University)
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WSMO: Use ontologies for describing WS: Non-functional
(QoS, version), capabilities(functional description),
choreography(grounding), orchestration(composition).
Mediators take care of integration. Provide links between
one or more source components and a target component
(e.g. ontologies and WS, WS and goals, two WS, etc.).
Mediators use Mediation Services.
Architecture: Presentation, SWS, WS, Legacy Systems.
IRS3: SWS Broker. Variants of WSMO (WSMO-Lite,
SAWSDL, MicroWSMO)
Wednesday: Talk by Chris
Welty (IBM Research)
Ontologies and Folksonomies: False Friends
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Tags don't have semantics (e.g. Red has different
meanings in Spanish or English).
Brief overview of Classifications, Ontologies, Folksonomies
Folksonomies are not Ontologies (even though Ontology is
used for a wide variety of models).
Wednesday: Practice
Annotate websites using AktiveMedia (semi automatic
annotation).
Use annotations to perform hybrid search in K-Search.
Thursday: Talk Natasha Noy
(Stanford)
Community-based Ontology Development
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Different ways to collaborate depend on: Ontology size,
Community size, Control mechanisms, Discussion tools,
Synchronization mechanisms.
Tool requirements: support discussion and reaching
consensus, provide context (record discussions and
changes), provenance and trust, personalized views,
personal and shared spaces, access control, user roles,
flexible workflow support. (Collaborative Protégé)
NCBO BioPortal: repository of ontologies, terminologies
and thesauri in biomedicine. Ontologies described by
metadata (ontology assessment). Community-based
evaluation. Support for ontology mapping.
http://alpha.bioontology.org/
Thursday: Practice
Use WSMO-Studio, IRS-III server and browser + provided
ontologies and legacy methods (in Lisp dialect) to create
SWS. Domain was European travel.
Friday: Talk by Enrico Motta
(KMI, Open University)
First part is an overview of what the next generation of SW is
about: dynamic, distributed, scalable, handling variable
quality of data. Watson search engine and how it is used in
Power Aqua
Second part is on automatically summarizing ontologies.
People can say what the key concepts in an ontology are.
Helpful for ontology evaluation and reuse.
Algorithm based on Density of concepts(global and local
density measures), natural categories, coverage of isa
hierarchy. Evaluation gives mean of 42.5% matches with
human experts' summary.
Algorithm v2 based on evaluation results (people don't use
coverage much, but use popularity of term). 63.61%.
Mini-project
Groups of 4 or 5 students. Choose a SW-related topic and
work out a project (available time is Thursday afternoon
and most of Friday until 8 pm). Present the project in 10
minutes on Saturday morning. Projects evaluated on
technical soundness, feasibility, presentation, originality,
amount of work done.
-iService: human computation using SWS
-Mapping NL to Ontology Design Patterns