Transcript Energy Environment and Buildings Kevin Hydes P Eng Part 1 Rating Sytems and Tools Context.

Energy Environment
and Buildings
Kevin Hydes P Eng
Part 1
Rating Sytems and Tools
Context
Toll on the Environment
Because of this unlimited
consumption of natural resources
today:
Global Warming
Ozone Depletion
“Every living system is in decline
and the rate of decline is increasing.”
-The Union of Concerned Scientists
Notable problems include:
• Global warming
• Ozone depletion
• Acid rain
• Soil, water, and air pollution
Air Pollution
Soil Erosion & Water Pollution
• Loss of biodiversity in soil and
groundwater resources
Global Warming
World Wide Energy Consumption Map
Energy
Energy Consumption
Total - US Energy Consumption
Energy Used in the Life of a Building
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
30
40% of the Total
Energy Consumption
is in Building Energy
Consumption
40
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
Rocky Mountain Institute
Rocky Mountain Institute
20% Embodied
Energy
80% Operating
Energy
Buildings Contribute to:
• 17% of fresh water flow
• 25% of wood harvested
• 50% of CFC production
• 33% of total CO2 emissions
• 40% of landfill material
• 30% of building suffer from “sick
building syndrome”
• 40% of the world’s energy annually
• 60% of the world’s electricity
annually
• 5 billion gallons of water per day to
flush toilets
Buildings
Typical North American commercial
construction causes:
• 2.5 pounds of solid waste for
every square foot of floor space
• Land and habitat disruption
• Water run-off & pollution
• Soil erosion
This energy consumption results in:
• Pollution
• Ozone depletion
• Global warming
• Human health problems
C.I.R.S.
BUSBY, PERKINS & WILL
C.K.Choi Building: 5.4
Post Occupancy
Evalutions
100
75
How satisfied are you with the
building overall?
50
25
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Liu Centre: 3.92
The average score of 2000+
responses on buildings in CBE
database was 4.78
4.0 is a neutral score.
100
Choi occupants are more
satisfied than average at 5.4
75
Liu occupants are slightly
dissatisfied at 3.92
50
25
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Techniques
Do what is right - not what
everyone else is doing
Seek the correct solution out of the box thinking
Triple Bottom Line
Consider three bottom lines
instead of just one (initial
construction costs):
Social
Environmental
Economical
The Interface of
Sustainability and
Design
General Motors Building, Detroit, 1921, Albert Kahn, Inc.,
Architects
1970’s
Green Building
Movement
The “Green Building” movement
began as a reaction to:
Bateson Building, Sacramento, California,
1977, Sim van der Ryn
Village Homes Subdivision, Davis,
California, 1973
• Oil shortages
• Political events
• Environmental events
The early part of the movement
focused on energy conservation.
Farallones Institute, Occidental, CA, 1970, Sim Van der Ryn Architect
Timeline of the Green Building Growth within Canada
Part 2
Rating Sytems and Tools
Organizations
USGBC
CaGBC
CaGBC: What We Are About
• Delivering built environment that is:
–
–
–
–
healthier
more economical
more productive
less environmental impact
• Accelerating the change in the buildings market
USGBC & CaGBC Momentum
USGBC: Dec. 2003
CaGBC Membership Trend
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
USGBC has about 4,100
member organizations
500
400
300
200
100
0
Ja
n
Fe -03
bM 03
a
Ap r-03
M r-03
a
Ju y-03
nJu 03
Au l-03
Se g-0
p 3
Oc -03
No t -03
De v-0
c 3
Ja -03
Fe n-04
b
M -04
ar
Ap -04
M r-04
a
Ju y-04
nJu 04
Au l-04
g04
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
CaGBC growing ~10% per month:
currently 450 + member
organizations
Fe
b03
M
ar
-0
3
Ap
r03
M
ay
-0
3
Ju
n03
Ju
l-0
Au 3
g03
Se
p03
O
ct
-0
3
N
ov
-0
3
D
ec
-0
3
Ja
n04
Fe
b04
M
ar
-0
4
Ap
r04
M
ay
-0
4
Ju
n04
Ju
l-0
Au 4
g04
Se
p04
O
ct
-0
4
N
ov
-0
4
D
ec
-0
4
Ja
n05
Fe
b05
M
ar
-0
5
Ap
r05
M
ay
-0
5
Ju
n05
Ju
l-0
Au 5
g05
CaGBC Momentum
CaGBC: Sept. 2005
1000
900
800
700
600
CaGBC growth
~10% per
month:
currently 890+
member
organizations
500
400
300
200
100
0
Interesting Architectural
Features - SUNPIPE
Interesting Architectural/Mechanical Features
Multi-Service Chilled Beam
News Headline
CaGBC Membership
CaGBC
Universities
Retail
Governments
Manufacturers
Builders
Research inst.
Real Estate
Bldg. Controls
Bldg. Owners
Non-Profits
Financial
Contractors
Utilities
Bldg. Controls
Prof. Firms
• The Council is a broad-based inclusive coalition of representatives from
different segments of the design and building industry.
CaGBC Membership – October 2004
Saskatchewan
Yukon
US
Alberta
Quebec
PEI
Ontario
Nunavut
Northwest
Territories
Manitoba
Nova Scotia
Nefoundland &
Labrador
New Brunswick
BC
CaGBC Membership – October 2004
Building Controls
0%
Financial
0%
Colleges
1%
Environmental Non-profit
2%
Contractors, Builders
7%
Federal Agencies
1%
Municipal & Regional
Gov.
3%
Utilities
1%
Universities & Research
Institutes
2%
Real Estate
1%
Retail
1%
Product Manufacturers
7%
Provincial Agencies
1%
Professional Firms
73%
Rating Sytems and Tools
Global Tools
C2000/R2000
Green leaf
BOMA go green
LEED
C2000
C2000
The C-2000 Program for
Advanced Commercial
Buildings was a small
demonstration program for
high-performance buildings,
developed and sponsored by
the CANMET Energy
Technology Centre (CETC) of
Natural Resources Canada.
The emphasis of the program
was on energy performance
and water conservation, but
criteria was also developed for
maintenance of site ecology
and improved levels of indoor
environmental quality.
C2000
Since the program launch in
1993, 24 buildings were
designed using the C-2000
requirements, twelve of which
achieved the design targets and
were constructed.
C2000
Initially it was thought that new
technologies would be the key
to high performance, the
experience of the program,
however, showed that the
design process itself is the most
important contributor to the
realization of high performance
buildings.
C2000
The initial phase of the C2000 program is now closed.
The knowledge and expertise
resulting from this green
building demonstration
program are now serving to
prepare Integrated Design
Process (IDP) guidelines and
energy performance
assessment tools.
Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED)®
• A leading-edge consensus-based system for
designing, constructing, operating and certifying
the world’s greenest buildings.
• Created by US Green Building Council, adapted
for Canada by Canada Green Building Council
• LEED examines and assigns points in:
– Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy &
Atmosphere, Materials & Resources, Indoor
Environmental Quality and Design Excellence
LEED Canada-NC 1.0™
• Towards Green Buildings
in Canada
Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED)®
• A leading-edge consensus-based system for
designing, constructing, operating and certifying
the world’s greenest buildings.
• Created by US Green Building Council, adapted
for Canada by Canada Green Building Council
• LEED examines and assigns points in:
– Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy &
Atmosphere, Materials & Resources, Indoor
Environmental Quality and Design Excellence
Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED)®
• Four Performance
levels:
–
–
–
–
Platinum
Gold
Silver
Certified
PLATINUM
GOLD
SILVER
Certified
What are the Advantages of
LEED® ?
• Relatively simple to implement
• Not overly prescriptive
• Can be modified for local climate and standards
(LEED™ Canada)
• It has legitimacy and consistency
• It has momentum:
– the use of LEEDTM is growing rapidly across North America
LEED Uptake in Canada
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
APEGG BC
Vancouver 2010 Bid Committee
GVRD
City of Vancouver
City of Victoria Dockside Lands
University of BC
BC Buildings Corporation
Alberta Infrastructure Schools Pilot
City of Calgary Sustainable Buildings Policy
Manitoba Hydro $150 million building
Public Works & Government Services Canada, Capital Projects
> $10 million
La Société Immobillière du Québec, Pilots for New
Construction & Renovations
LEED-NC® in the USA
• State Government Use:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
California
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Jersey
New York
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Municipal Use of LEED®
• Local Government LEED™ Users
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Austin, TX
Arlington, VA
Boulder, CO
Cook County, IL
Los Angeles, CA
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Jose, CA
San Mateo, CA
Seattle, WA
Economic Benefits: the Hard
Numbers
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduce operating costs
Future Proofing
Reduce or neutralize first costs
Enhance asset value & increase profits
Optimize life cycle economic performance
Reduced Liability risk
Economic Benefits: the Soft
Numbers
• Increase retail sales with daylighting
– Studies have shown ~40% improvement²
• Impact on Schools and Education/ HealthCare
• Improve productivity
– Estimated $29 –168 billion in national productivity
losses per year¹
• Reduce absenteeism and turnover
– Providing a healthy workplace improves employee
satisfaction
Green Buildings & Occupants
140
130
120
$/sq.ft
Annual*
100
80
60
40
21
20
1.81
1.53
1.37
0
Salaries
Rent
Total
Energy
Electricity
O&M
* 1991 Source: BOMA, EPRI, Statistical Abstract in RMI "Greening the Building
and the Bottom Line, 1994
BUILDING PERFORMANCE:
Relative costs of life cycle elements
Productivity gains of only 3.7% can pay for all facility
costs over a 30 year period.
$/work space after 30 years
$2.9 million
3.7% = $107.3K
First cost
Operating cost
(energy, tax, cleaning)
Maintenance &
Repair
Payroll Cost
$49K + $9.8K + $48.5K = $107.3K
Source: U.S. Secretary of Defense
ATHENA Institute
Capital
Cost ImpactProject Size
LEED Target
Increase
Level
Small
Base
Cost
Platinum
Green Market
Maturity
Gold Silver Certified
Owner / Spec
Flexibility
Large
New
Advanced
Climate Zone
Low
High
Building Type
Moderate
Extreme
Team Experience
Low Energy
High Energy
Total Cost Increase All Scenarios:
Best Case: 0% Worst Case: about 10%
None
Lots
LEED BC Gold Project
City of Vancouver National Works Yard
Vancouver, BC
12-acre Engineering Operations Facility
LEED version 2 Gold Project
Vancouver Island Technology Park
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
165,000 gsf Commercial Office Building
LEED version 2 Gold Project
White Rock Operations Building
White Rock, BC
6,545 gsf Municipal Operations Building
LEED version 2 Gold Project
Semiahmoo Library & RCMP Station
Surrey, BC
30,000 gsf Institutional Building
VIDEO
• Building Green in Pennsylvania
Lessons Learned: The First Years
South Central Regional Office Building
Cambria Office Building
CaGBC – Market Transformation
Green Building Markets
0.12
0.08
0.06
Regulations
Proportion of Market Attaining
0.1
Typical Practice
The Majority
0.04
Certified
75%
0.02
Law
Breaker
s
0
0
LEEDers
25%
Silver
Gold
Platinum
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Inovators
Risk
Takers
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Green Standards
LEED® Products
Customers
for
New
Construction
For building
owners and design
teams that
address the new
building design
and construction
or major
renovations
process. Also
referred to as
LEED 2.0.
for
Existing
Buildings
for
Commercial
Interiors
For building
owners and
service providers
that address
building operation
and on-going
upgrades and
performance
improvements.
For building
owners, tenants
and design teams
that address
commercial
interiors design
and installation
process. (Note:
process can be
driven by either
owners or
tenants.)
for
Core and
Shell
For developers
and design teams
that address the
new building
design and
construction
process for
buildings where
the interiors are
not part of the
initial design
process.
for
Homes
For residential
building owners,
developers and
design teams that
address the new
residential building
design and
construction
process.
LEED® Products
Customers
for
New
Construction
Canadian
Adaptation
Complete
LEED CanadaNC 1.0, MURB
Application
Guide too!
For building
owners and design
teams that
address the new
building design
and construction
or major
renovations
process. Also
referred to as
LEED 2.0.
for
Existing
Buildings
for
Commercial
Interiors
For building
owners and
service providers
that address
building operation
and on-going
upgrades and
performance
improvements.
For building
owners, tenants
and design teams
that address
commercial
interiors design
and installation
process. (Note:
process can be
driven by either
owners or
tenants.)
Existing Building Study
happening, evaluation on
whether to adapt for
Canada to come in 2006
for
Core and
Shell
For developers
and design teams
that address the
new building
design and
construction
process for
buildings where
the interiors are
not part of the
initial design
process.
Plan and timeline
being developed,
LEED-CI likely in 2006
for
Homes
For residential
building owners,
developers and
design teams that
address the new
residential building
design and
construction
process.
No plan for
Canada yet
Being
reviewed by
CaGBC
Residential
Committee
LEED Point Distribution
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Water
Efficiency
7%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
26-32 Certified | 33-38 Silver | 39-51 Gold | 52 + Platinum
Division of documentation effort
Commissioning
Agent, 5%
Contractor, 21%
Owner, 3%
Landscape, 4%
Electrical, 1%
Civil, 6%
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Spec
Plan
Letter
Narrative
Drawing
Calculation
Product Info
Architect, 35%
M echanical,
25%
LEED Certification Process
A three step process:
•Step 1: Project Registration
•Welcome Packet and on-line project listing
•Step 2: Technical Support
•Credit Rulings
•Step 3: Building Certification
•Upon documentation submittal and USGBC review
LEED Certification Awards
• Four levels of certification
–
–
–
–
LEED certified
Silver level
Gold level
Platinum level
– 70 possible points
26 - 32 points
33 - 38 points
39 - 51 points
52 + points
Certification Benefits
Recognition of Quality Buildings and Environmental Stewardship
•Third party validation of achievement
•Qualify for growing array of state and local government
incentives
•Contribute to growing knowledge base
•LEED Certification plaque to mount on building
•Official Certificate
•Receive marketing exposure through USGBC Web site, case
studies, media announcements
LEED Resources
•LEED Green Building Rating System
•Training Workshop
•Reference package
•Professional Accreditation
•Welcome Packet
•Credit Rulings
•Website (www.leedbuilding.org)
Green Building Rating System
Green Building Rating System
• Technical Review
LEED Rating System
• 5 sustainable categories of concern
– PLUS design process & innovation
• Rating system contains:
–
–
–
–
7 prerequisites
32 credits with 65 core points
4 design process & innovation points
1 LEED accredited professional point
LEED Point Distribution
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
Water
Efficiency
7%
LEED Canada-NC 1.0
Credits
8
3
6
8
8
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy & Atmosphere
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Design Process & Innovation
LEED Accredited Professional
Total Points Available
Points
14
5
17
14
15
65
4
1
70
Sustainable Sites
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Water
Efficiency
7%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
Sustainable Sites
• Goals
–
–
–
–
–
Develop only appropriate sites
Reuse existing buildings and/or sites
Protect natural and agricultural areas
Reduce need for automobile use
Protect and/or restore sites
Sustainable Sites
Prerequisites: Erosion & Sedimentation Control
14 possible points
Credits:
• Site Selection
• Urban Redevelopment
• Brownfield Redevelopment
• Alternative Transportation
• Reduced Site Disturbance
• Stormwater Management
• Landscape to Reduce Heat Islands
• Light Pollution Reduction
Sustainable Sites
Credit
• Erosion and Sedimentation Control
• Site Selection
• Development Density
• Redevelopment of Contaminated Site
• Alternative Transportation
• Reduced Site Disturbance
• Stormwater Management
• Heat Island Effect
• Light Pollution Reduction
14 Point(s)
Required
1
1
1
1-4
1-2
1-2
1-2
1
Total 14
Water Efficiency
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
Water
Efficiency
7%
Water Efficiency
• Goals
– Reduce the quantity of water needed for the building
– Reduce municipal water supply and treatment burden
Water Efficiency
Prerequisites: N/A
5 possible points
Credits:
• Water Efficient Landscaping
• Innovative Waterwater Technologies
• Water Use Reduction
Water Efficiency
Credit
• Water efficient landscaping
• Innovative wastewater
technologies
• Water use reduction
Point(s)
1-2
1
1-2
Total 5
Energy and Atmosphere
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Water
Efficiency
7%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
• Goals
–
–
–
–
Energy and Atmosphere
Establish energy efficiency and system performance
Optimize energy efficiency
Encourage renewable and alternative energy sources
Support ozone protection protocols
Energy & Atmosphere
Prerequisites:
Fundamental Building Systems Commissioning
Minimum Energy Performance
CFC Reduction in HVAC&R Equipment
17 possible points
Credits:
• Optimize Energy Performance
• Renewable Energy
• Additional commissioning
• Ozone Depletion
• Measurement & Verification
• Green Power
Energy & Atmosphere Point(s)
Credits
• Fundamental building systems
commissioning
• Minimum energy performance
• CFC reduction in HVAC&R equipment
• Optimize energy performance
•
•
•
•
•
Renewable energy
Best practice commissioning
Ozone protection
Measurement and verification
Green power
Required
Required
Required
2-10
1-3
1
1
1
1
Total 17
Materials and Resources
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Water
Efficiency
7%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Materials and Resources
• Goals
– Reduce the amount of
materials needed
– Use materials with less
environmental impact
– Reduce and manage waste
Materials & Resources
Prerequisites: Storage and Collection of Recyclables
13 possible points
Credits:
• Building Reuse
• maintain all or part of existing shell
• maintain a portion of non-shell components
• Construction Waste Management
• Resource Reuse
• Recycled Content
• Local/regional Materials
• Rapidly Renewable Materials
• Certified Wood Products
Materials and Resources
Credit
• Storage and collection of recyclables
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Building reuse
Construction waste management
Resource reuse
Recycled content
Regional materials
Rapidly renewable materials
Certified wood
Durable Building
Point(s)
Required
1-3
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
1
1
1
Total 14
Indoor Environmental Quality
(EQ)
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
21%
Innovation &
Design
Process
7%
Sustainable
Sites
20%
Water
Efficiency
7%
Materials &
Resources
20%
Energy &
Atmosphere
25%
Indoor Environmental Quality
(EQ)
• Goals
–
–
–
–
Establish good indoor air quality
Eliminate, reduce, manage the sources of indoor pollutants
Ensure thermal comfort and system controllability
Provide for occupant connection to the outdoor environment.
Indoor Environmental Quality
80 to 90% of time indoors
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring
Increase Ventilation Effectiveness
•Sick Building Syndrome – SBS
•Building Related Illness – BRI
•Multiple Chemical Sensitivity – MCS
Indoor Environmental Quality
Prerequisites:
Minimum IAQ Performance
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
15 possible points
Credits:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring
Increase Ventilation Effectiveness
Construction IAQ Management Plan
Low-Emitting Materials
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control
Controllability of Systems
Thermal Comfort
Daylight and Views
Point(s)
Indoor Environmental Quality
Credit
• Minimum IAQ performance
• Environmental tobacco smoke control
• Carbon dioxide monitoring
• Ventilation effectiveness
• Construction IAQ management plan
• Low-emitting materials
• Indoor chemical & pollutant source
control
• Controllability of systems
• Thermal comfort
• Daylight and views
Required
Required
1
1
1-2
1-4
1
1-2
1-2
1-2
Total 15
Innovation & Design Process
Prerequisites:
N/A
5 possible points
Credits:
• Innovation in design
• LEEDTM Accredited Professional
Shades of Green
Tools for comparative analysis
Market Building:
Standard building envelope,
mechanical system, and
lighting.
Leed Silver Building:
Improved building envelope high performance glass, and
increased insulation. Open office
plan.
Improved mechanical system high efficiency equipment,
alternate air systems (underfloor
air)
Improved lighting - high efficiency
lighting fixtures, reduced lighting
loads.
Gold Building:
Improved building envelope high performance glass, and
increased insulation. Operable
windows for natural ventilation
Reduced or no mechanical system natural ventilation, water saving
strategies, increased temp.
tolerance by occupants, solar
control
Improved lighting - high efficiency
lighting fixtures, reduced lighting
via natural daylighting.
Leed Platinum Building:
Improved building envelope high performance glass, and
increased insulation alternate
envelope systems (sod roof).
Open office plan.
Reduced or no mechanical
system - alternate energy
sources
for systems (PV’s), Aggressive
water strategies.
Improved lighting - high
efficiency
lighting fixtures, task lighting,
aggressive daylighting scheme.
Restorative
Building
Living Building
Living/Restorative Building
Improved building envelope high performance glass, and
increased insulation alternate
envelope systems (sod roof).
Significant open office plan.
Reduced or no mechanical
system - significant alternate
energy sources for systems
(PV’s, Fuel Cells, Wind), Water
strategies which give back what’s
taken.
Improved lighting - high efficiency
lighting fixtures, task lighting,
aggressive day lighting scheme.
Sustainability Matrix