Wireless Sensor Nets Turning the Physical World into Information David Culler Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler Systems Wireless EmBedded.
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Transcript Wireless Sensor Nets Turning the Physical World into Information David Culler Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler Systems Wireless EmBedded.
Wireless Sensor Nets
Turning the Physical World into
Information
David Culler
Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
University of California, Berkeley
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler
Systems
Wireless
EmBedded
log (people per computer)
Systems
Bell’s Law –
new computer class per 10 years
Wireless
EmBedded
Number Crunching
Data Storage
productivity
interactive
• Enabled by technological opportunities
streaming
information
to/from physical
world
• Smaller, more numerous andyear
more intimately connected
• Ushers in a new kind of application
• Ultimately
used in many ways not previously
imagined
1/28/2004
Sensor
Net Day
2
Technology Push
Systems
Wireless
EmBedded
Itanium2 (241M )
nearly a thousand 8086’s
would fit in a modern
microprocessor
Actuation
Sensing
Communication
Processing &
Storage
I SDQ SD
PLL baseband
filters
mixer
LNA
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Sensor Net Day
3
Application Pull
Systems
Wireless
EmBedded
• Env. Monitoring, Conservation biology, ...
– Precision agriculture, land conservation, ...
– built environment comfort & efficiency ...
– alarms, security, surveillance, treaty verification
...
CENS.ucla.edu
• Civil Engineering: structures response
– condition-based maintenance
– disaster management
– urban terrain mapping & monitoring
• Interactive Environments
– context aware computing, non-verbal
communication
– handicap assistance
» home/elder care
» asset tracking
• Integrated robotics
1/28/2004
Sensor Net Day
4
The Systems Challenge
Systems
Wireless
EmBedded
Monitoring & Managing Spaces and Things
applications
data
mgmt
service
network
system
architecture
Comm.
MEMS
sensing
Store
Proc
uRobots
actuate
technology
Miniature,
1/28/2004
low-power connections
Sensor Net Dayto the physical world
Power
5
Wireless
Systems
Open Experimental Platform to
Catalyze a Community
EmBedded
Services
Networking
TinyOS
WeC 99
“Smart Rock”
www.tinyos.net
Rene 11/00
Dot 9/01
Mica 1/02
Small
microcontroller
- 8 kb code,
- 512 B data
Simple, low-power
radio
- 10 kb
Designed for
experimentation
-sensor boards
Demonstrate
scale
NEST open exp. platform
128 KB code, 4 KB data
50 KB radio
EEPROM (32 KB)
-power boards
Simple sensors
1/28/2004
DARPA SENSIT,
- Intel
comm accelerators
Sensor Net Day
Expeditions
Crossbow
- DARPA NEST
512 KB Flash
6
•
•
– 10x10 array of robust wireless, self-localizing sensors over
400 m2 area
– Low cost, robust ‘mote’ device: magnetometer,
microcontroller, radio network, ultrasonic transceiver
– Evader: human controlled Rover
– Pursuer: autonomous rover with mote, embedded PC, GPS
evader
pursuer
•
reflector
acoustic
ultrasound
main
mag sense
power
mag
ultrasound
dot
1/28/2004
battery
Problem: detect vehicle entering sensitive area,
track using magnetics, pursue and capture by
UGV.
Components
Operation
– Nodes inter-range (Ultrasonic) and self localize from few
anchors, correct for earth mag, go into low-power ‘sentry’
state
– Detect entry and track evader
» Local mag signal processing determines event and
announces to neighbors
» Neighborhood aggregates and estimates position
» Network routes estimate from leader to tracker
(multihop)
– Pursuer enters and navigates to intercede
» Motes detect and estimate multiple events
» Route to mobile Pursuer node
» Disambiguates events to form map
» Closed inner-loop navigation control
» Closed information-driven pursuit control
Capture when within one meter
Sensor Net» Day
7
Systems
NEST Pursuer/Evader Mid Term Demo
Wireless
EmBedded
Systems
Making it happen
Wireless
EmBedded
Tackle the new computer systems challenges due
resource constraints, scale, & embedment
Fundamentally simpler, more robust software structures
Demonstrate applications that show how it can
change the way we do science and what we can
shoot for.
Ecophysiology, conservation biology
Demonstrate applications that show how it can
change the way we do engineering
Structural response, condition based maintanance
Deep collaboration between academia, industry,
and government from the beginning
1/28/2004
Sensor Net Day
8