Introduction to U.S. Public Libraries 美国公共图书馆简介 Susan Schnuer 苏珊•舒努尔 Associate Director 副主任 Mortenson Center for International Library Programs 摩藤森中心 May 2009 2009年5月.

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Transcript Introduction to U.S. Public Libraries 美国公共图书馆简介 Susan Schnuer 苏珊•舒努尔 Associate Director 副主任 Mortenson Center for International Library Programs 摩藤森中心 May 2009 2009年5月.

Introduction to
U.S. Public Libraries
美国公共图书馆简介
Susan Schnuer 苏珊•舒努尔
Associate Director 副主任
Mortenson Center for International Library Programs 摩藤森中心
May 2009 2009年5月
Characteristics of U.S. Public Libraries
美国公共图书馆特征
• Libraries enrich lives 图书馆丰富生活
• Libraries welcome everyone 图书馆欢迎每个人
• Libraries offer open and easy access 图书馆提供公
开而方便的阅览
• Libraries belong to the local community 图书馆属于
当地社区
• Libraries have challenges 图书馆面临挑战
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
16,549 Public libraries and
branches
16,549个公共图书馆和分馆
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
• Libraries are locally supported 图书馆是由地
方支持的(蓝色部分表示地方政府,红色代表其他)
23%
local government
77%
other
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
• 7.3 materials circulated per person per year
每人每年平均借出7.3份材料
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
Library
Library
Library
Library
Library
Library
• 43 million materials were loaned by public
libraries to other libraries
公共图书馆借给其他图书馆四千三百万份材料
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
• 68% of librarians have ALA Master’s degrees
68%的图书管理员具有图书馆专业硕士学位
http://www.flickr.com/photos/m00by/2538526391/
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
• Services for Users, 2007-2008
07-08年用户服务(下图依次表示电子书,电子参考服务,
音频内容,家庭作业来源,授权数据库)
e-books
digital reference
audio content
homework resources
licensed databases
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
• Operating expenditures 业务支出(蓝色部分表
示职工薪水,红色表示收藏,绿色表示其它)
21%
66%
13%
Staff Salaries
Collections
Other
General Information – Public Libraries
一般信息-公共图书馆
• 63% of adults in the US
have public library
cards 63%的美国成年
人都拥有公共图书馆卡
• 98.9% of public
libraries provide public
access to the Internet
98.9%的公共图书馆向
公众提供互联网
Libraries Enrich Lives
图书馆丰富生活
• Education mission (homework assistance,
technology training, life-long learning) 教育目
标(功课帮助,技术培训,终身学习)
Computer Class for Seniors at
Haddonfield Public Library, New Jersey
老人电脑班,新泽西州哈敦菲公共图书馆
McCracken County Public
Library, Kentucky
肯塔基州麦克拉肯县公共图
书馆
http://www.flickr.com/photos/njla/3313867581/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mclibdotnet/2228681031/in/photostream/
Libraries Enrich Lives
图书馆丰富生活
• Information (business, local government, &
consumer information) 信息(企业,地方政
府,消费者信息)
Early voting lines at West Dade Regional Library,
Miami, Florida 佛罗里达州迈阿密西大德地区图书
馆门前的早期投票线
http://www.flickr.com/photos/edrodriguez/2975135756/
Libraries Enrich Lives
图书馆丰富生活
• Public sphere (meeting place, community information)
公共领域(会议场所,社区信息)
Town Hall Meeting at public library
in New Hampshire新罕布什尔州公
共图书馆的市政厅会议
http://www.flickr.com/photos/protectourprimary/477146583/
Libraries Enrich Lives
图书馆丰富生活
• Entertainment (DVDs, gaming, storytelling)
娱乐(DVD,游戏,讲故事)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/circulating/1664321651/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrrl/2046566117/
Libraries Enrich Lives
图书馆丰富生活
Libraries welcome everyone
图书馆欢迎每个人
• Age 不同年龄段
Family Day at Danbury Public
Library, Connecticut 康涅狄格州丹
伯里公共图书馆家庭日
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dbylibrary/2924746289/
Libraries welcome everyone
图书馆欢迎每个人
• Race and ethnic background 种族和民族背景
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dmleastbranch/250
4744417/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dmleastbranch/25
05572872/
2008 World A’Fair at Dayton Metro Library, Ohio
2008年在俄亥俄州代顿都会图书馆的各国集会
Libraries welcome everyone
图书馆欢迎每个人
• Users with disabilities 残疾人用户
http://www.flickr.com/photos/redistributive/3257150789/
Libraries welcome everyone
图书馆欢迎每个人
• New immigrants 新移民
English tutors for new citizens at Bound Brook
Library, New Jersey 新泽西邦得布鲁克图书馆,帮
助新公民的英语教师
Libraries welcome everyone
图书馆欢迎每个人
• Religious/political/different languages
宗教/政治/不同的语言
Libraries offer open and easy access
图书馆提供公开而方便的阅览
• Open stacks 开架阅读
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gibsonselectric/3484818376/
Libraries offer open and easy access
图书馆提供公开而方便的阅览
• 88% of all public libraries provide free access to databases
that support business, education, and training.
88%的公共图书馆免费提供支持商业,教育和培训的数据
库
Seattle Public Library, Washington
华盛顿州西雅图公共图书馆
Libraries offer open and easy access
图书馆提供公开而方便的阅览
• Getting a library card 申请一张图书馆卡
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bethanygronberg/2368278674/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/newtonfreelibrary/2528646776/
Libraries offer open and easy access
图书馆提供公开而方便的阅览
• Examples of Services
服务实例
After Hours Book Drop
下班时间还书箱
Virtual Reference
网上服务
Home Delivery
送书到家
Self Check-Out 自行借书
Libraries belong to the local community
图书馆属于当地社区
• Operating revenue
营业收入 (蓝色表示地方来源,红色表示州来源,
紫色表示联邦来源,绿色表示其它)
1%
local sources
9%
9%
state sources
82%
other sources
federal sources
Libraries belong to the local community
图书馆属于当地社区
• Top five community priorities for public libraries – 2006
2006年公共图书馆五大社区侧重点
1. Keeping library services free 保持图书馆免费
服务
2. Having enough current books for children
有足够的儿童图书
3. Having enough reference materials 有足够
的参考材料
4. Availability of a friendly, knowledgeable
librarian 有一个友好的,知识渊博的图书馆员
5. Providing reading hours and other
programs for children 为儿童提供阅读时间和其
他活动
Libraries belong to the local community
图书馆属于当地社区
• Public libraries get the highest “good job” ratings
– 2006
公共图书馆获得2006最高“出色工作”评级 (下图依次
为地方新闻,公共学校,地方警局,地方图书馆)
local news
public schools
local police
public libraries
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Libraries have challenges
图书馆面临挑战
• Diverse user communities
多样的用户群体
?
Libraries have challenges
图书馆面临挑战
• Funding – flat and increased library demand
资金-图书馆持续的以及不断增加的需求
=
Economy 经济
Crowded Libraries
拥挤的图书馆
Libraries have challenges
图书馆面临挑战
• New Immigrants 新移民
Libraries have challenges
图书馆面临挑战
• Technology 技术
– 8 out of 10 public libraries do not have enough
computers to meet peak demand
10间中有8间公共图书馆没有足够的电脑,以满足需求高峰
– 57% of libraries report
that they do not always
have enough bandwidth
to meet demand
57 %的图书馆报告说,他
们并不是总有足够的带宽
以满足需求
Patrons waiting in line for computers at a
library in Santa Barbara, California 加州圣塔芭
芭拉某图书馆,等待用电脑的用户在排队
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sbcclurialibrary/2910049492/
Libraries have challenges
图书馆面临挑战
• Services to users with mental disabilities
为心理残疾用户提供服务
Libraries have challenges
图书馆面临挑战
• Library Buildings 图书馆建筑
– Majority of public libraries are between
25 – 50 years old
大多数的公共图书馆建筑在25到50年之间
Huntley Area Public Library, Illinois伊利诺伊州亨
特利区公共图书馆
Computers fill up in the morning and there is a waiting list
for the rest of the day 计算机从早上起就被完全使用,等候
者名单可能会排满一整天
http://www.flickr.com/photos/huntleylibrary/2347367381/
In Conclusion
总结
• Characteristics of U.S. Public Libraries
美国公共图书馆特征
- Libraries enrich lives 图书馆丰富生活
- Libraries welcome everyone 图书馆欢迎每个人
- Libraries offer open and easy access 图书馆提供公开而方便的
阅览
- Libraries belong to the local community 图书馆属于当地社区
- Libraries have challenges 图书馆面临挑战
Libraries enrich lives!
图书馆丰富生活!
Thank you!
谢谢!
Susan Schnuer 苏珊•舒努尔
Associate Director,
Mortenson Center for International Library Programs
摩藤森中心副主任
EMAIL/电邮:[email protected]