Transcript Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES Emilda B. Rivers The National Academy of Sciences Postdoc Committee Meeting October 3, 2011 National Science Foundation National Center for.

Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES
Emilda B. Rivers
The National Academy of Sciences Postdoc Committee Meeting
October 3, 2011
National Science Foundation
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)
www.nsf.gov/statistics
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Today’s Discussion
 The National Center for Science and
Engineering Statistics (NCSES)
 NCSES Education and Workforce Surveys
 NCSES Research and Development Surveys
 Postdoc Data from NCSES Surveys
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The National Center for Science and
Engineering Statistics (NCSES)
 As part of the America Competes Act of 2010,
signed on December 6, 2011 NCSES was created
 NCSES is one of the few named “entities” in NSF
with stated responsibilities
 NCSES carries with it the responsibilities of the
Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) as
well as new responsibilities
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Comparison of SRS and NCSES
SRS
NCSES
Federal statistical agency within NSF
Federal statistical agency within NSF
Clearinghouse mandate - health and status of the
U.S. Science and Engineering (S&E) enterprise
Clearinghouse mandate – collection, interpretation,
analysis and dissemination of objective data on
research and development
Disseminate information
Collect, acquire, analyze, report and disseminate
data related to the science and engineering
enterprise in the United States and other nations
Conduct surveys and & synthesize data
‘’
Promote gathering of comparable international data
‘’
Data to be collected includes:
• research and development trends
• science and engineering workforce
• United States competitiveness in science,
engineering, technology, and research and
development
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Comparison of SRS and NCSES
SRS
NCSES
The condition and progress of United States STEM
education
Support research on NCSES data and
methodologies related to data collection, analysis
and dissemination
NCSES/SRS Database Institute
Support education and training of researchers in the
use of long-scale nationally representative data sets
e.g. those collected by NCSES
Produce the biennial Science and Engineering
Indicators report for the NSB
Produce for the biennial Science and Engineering
Indicators report for the NSB
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Education and Workforce Surveys
Surveys of Individuals
 Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)
 Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)
 National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)
 National Survey of Recent College Graduates (RCG)
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Education and Workforce Surveys
Surveys of Institutions
Survey on Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in
Science and Engineering (GSS)
ECDS, the Early Career Doctorate Survey
A survey of individual doctorates who received their
doctorate, doctorate-equivalent, or doctorate-equivalent
professional degree within the past 10 years (upcoming
survey)
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Research and Development Surveys
Surveys of Institutions/Organizations
 Higher Education Research and Development Survey
(HERD, formerly Survey of Research and Development
Expenditures at Universities and Colleges)
 Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development
 Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to
Universities, Colleges and Nonprofit Institutions
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Research and Development Surveys
Surveys of Institutions/Organizations
 Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities
 Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS, formerly
Survey of Industrial Research and Development)
 Survey of State Government R&D
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National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)
 The NSCG is a biennial survey of college-educated
U.S. residents educated or employed in an S&E field
 S&E fields
•
•
•
•
•
•
Computer and mathematical sciences
Life sciences
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
S&E-related (Health, S&E teaching)
 2003 NSCG response rate: 73 percent
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Selected Survey Items on the NSCG
Demographics
• Gender
• Race/ethnicity
• Citizenship
• Disability
Educational Information
• Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award)
• Current employment (employer, field, work activities)
• Work experiences (publications, patents, training)
Occupational Information
• Current employer (location, industry, size)
• Position (academic (postdoc) vs. non-academic)
• Job details (salary, work activities, start date)
• Other (job satisfaction, relationship to degree)
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NSCG Postdoc Question
Was your principal employer an educational institution?
Mark (X) one
1.
Yes
2.
No
(If Yes) What type of academic position did you hold at this institution?
Mark (X) all that apply
1.
President, Provost, or Chancellor
2.
Dean, department head, or chair
3.
Research faculty, scientist, associate, or fellow
4.
Teaching faculty
5.
Adjunct faculty
6.
Postdoc (e.g., postdoctoral fellow or associate)
7.
Research assistant
8.
Teaching assistant
9.
Other
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Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)
 SED is an annual census of all new research
doctorate recipients from accredited U.S. academic
institutions
 Research Doctorate
• Requires an original contribution of knowledge to
the field (typically a dissertation); and
• Is not primarily intended for the practice of a
profession (e.g., M.D., D.D.S., J.D., Psy.D, D.Min.,
Pharm.D.)
 2010 Response rate: 92 percent
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Selected Survey Items on the SED
Demographics
• Gender
• Race/ethnicity
• Citizenship at time of doctorate
Educational History
• Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award)
• Financial support
• Education-related debt
Postgraduation Plans
• Definite commitments for next year (Y/N)
• Employment vs. postdoc
• Sector of employment
• Location of employment
• Starting Salary
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SED Postdoc* Questions
What best describes your postgraduate plans (within the next year)?
Mark (X) one
1.
“Postdoc” or further training
2.
Employment
What best describes the nature of your further training or study?
Mark (X) one
1.
“Postdoc” fellowship
2.
“Postdoc” research associateship
3.
Traineeship
4.
Internship, clinical residency
5.
Other Training – specify
* Postdoc is defined on the SED as “. . . A temporary position primarily for gaining additional education and
training in research, usually awarded in academe, industry, government, or a non-profit organization.”
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Relationships Among
SED Postgraduation Plans Data
New
Doctorate
Recipient
No definite commitments
in coming year (at time of survey)
Definite commitments
in coming year
Definite commitments
for postdoc
U.S location
Postgrad location
Foreign location
Employment sector
Academe
Industry
Government
Other
Definite commitments
for employment
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New Doctorate Recipients with Definite Commitments for
Postdoc by Field of Study: 2000–09
Postdocs
5,000
4,500
Life sciences
4,000
3,500
3,000
Physical sciences
2,500
2,000
Social sciences
1,500
Engineering
1,000
500
0
2000
Non-science and engineering
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
2006
2007
2008
2009
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New Postdoc Rate by Field of Study: 2000–09
Percent
80
Life sciences
70
60
Physical sciences
50
Engineering
40
30
Social sciences
20
Non-science and engineering
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a
postdoc in the coming year.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
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New Postdoc Rate
by Race/Ethnicity and Field of Study: 2009
Percent
80
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
2 or more races
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Life sciences
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Non-science and
engineering
NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a
postdoc position in the coming year. This figure includes only new doctorate recipients who are U.S. citizens or
permanent residents.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
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New Postdocs with Position in Academe
by Field of Study: 2004–09
Percent
100
Non-science and engineering
95
90
85
80
Science and engineering
75
70
65
60
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
NOTE: New postdocs with position in academe is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for
postdoc who are committed to positions in academic institutions.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
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New Postdocs in U.S. on Temporary Visas by Field
of Study: 2000–09
Percent
80
70
Engineering
60
Physical sciences
50
40
Life sciences
30
Non-science and engineering
20
10
0
2000
Social sciences
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
NOTE: New postdocs in U.S. is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are
committed to positions located in the U.S. Includes only temporary visa holders with doctorates from U.S. universities.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
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Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)
 Biennial longitudinal survey of individuals from the
SED
 Research doctorates in science, engineering, or
health (SEH) fields
 Followed through age 75
 2008 Response rate: 81 percent
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Selected Survey Items on the SDR
Demographics
• Citizenship status
• Marital status
• Age
Recent Educational Experiences
• Degrees
• Field of study
• Year of degree award
Employment
•
•
•
•
•
Occupation
Sector of employment
Postdoc status
Work activities
Salary
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SDR Postdoc Questions
What was the title of the principal job you held during the week of
[survey reference week]?
Was this job a “postdoc”?
A “postdoc” is a temporary position awarded in academe, industry, a nonprofit organization, or government primarily for gaining additional
education and training in research.
 Yes
 No
(If Yes) What were your reasons for taking this postdoc?
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Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral
appointments, by citizenship status and sex: 2006 & 2008
April 2006
October 2008
Count
Percent
Count
Percent
29,890
100.0%
27,300
100.0%
U.S. citizen
18,260
61.1%
16,700
61.2%
Non-U.S. citizen
11,630
38.9%
10,500
38.5%
Male
17,790
59.5%
16,200
59.3%
Female
12,100
40.5%
11,000
40.3%
Total on Postdoc
Citizenship
Sex
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
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Employed doctoral scientists and engineers on
postdoctoral appointments, by sex: 2006 & 2008
Employed full time or part time
April 2006
Count
October 2008
Percent
Count
Percent
Males
Total employed
Postdocs
438,900
100.0%
451,300
100.0%
17,790
4.1%
16,200
3.6%
182,730
100.0%
199,900
100.0%
12,100
6.6%
11,000
5.5%
Females
Total employed
Postdocs
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
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Postdoc status of doctoral scientists and engineers, by
years since doctorate and broad field of doctorate: 2008
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
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Doctoral scientists and engineers employed as postdocs,
by field of doctorate: 2008
Field
Count
Percent
Total in postdoc
27,300
100.0%
23,600
86.4%
14,900
54.6%
Computer/information sciences
300
1.1%
Mathematics/statistics
600
2.2%
Physical sciences
5,100
18.7%
Psychology
2,200
8.1%
500
1.8%
3,000
11.0%
700
2.6%
Science
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Health
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 100. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
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Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral
appointments, by employment sector: 2006 & 2008
Employment sector
April 2006
October 2008
Count
Percent
Count
Percent
29,890
100.0%
27,300
100.0%
23,600
79.0%
18,200
66.7%
Business/industry
3,780
12.6%
5,600
20.5%
Government
2,500
8.4%
3,500
12.8%
All sectors
Educational institutions
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
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Survey of Graduate Students and
Postdoctorates in S&E (GSS)
 Annual census survey of all U.S. academic institutions
granting research-based master’s or doctoral degrees
in SEH
 2010 GSS –
• 574 institutions
• 692 affiliated schools
• 13,711 units (departments, programs, research
centers, health facilities)
 Institutional Response Rate: over 99%
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Postdoc Data from the GSS
 Demographics
 Largest Source of Support
 Mechanism of Support
 Doctoral Degree Type
 Origin of Doctoral Degree
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Distribution of Postdocs in S&E
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Female Share of Postdocs in S&E
32
Foreign Postdocs in S&E
Proportion of postdocs in science and engineering fields with temporary visas: 1989–2009
33
Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded
Research and Development Centers
(FFRDC Survey)
 Annual census survey of all FFRDCs from NSF’s
Master Government List and the National Institutes of
Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program
 2010 survey
• 39 FFRDCs
• NIH’s Intramural Research Program
 Response Rate: 100%
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Postdoc Data from the FFRDC Survey
 Postdoc definition
 Demographics
 Sex
 Citizenship Status
 Financial Support
 Field of Research
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Postdocs at FFRDCs
Administration Type
Total Number of Postdocs
2007
(n=22 FFRDCs)
All Types
2009
(n=23 FFRDCs)
2010
(n=22 FFRDCs)
2,235
100%
2,449
100%
3,011
100%
University-administered FFRDCs
825
37%
1,022
42%
1,234
41%
Nonprofit-administered FFRDCs
443
20%
557
23%
719
24%
Industry-administered FFRDCs
967
43%
870
36%
1,058
35%
NOTE:
FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008
SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010
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Postdocs at FFRDCs
by Source of Support and Citizenship
Source of Support
Federal
Nonfederal
All
postdocs
Total
Federal
U.S.
Citizens &
Permanent
Residents
2007
2,235
2,030
837
1,193
205
62
143
2009
2,449
2,258
770
1,124
181
52
42
2010
3,011
2,541
1,032
1,509
184
64
120
NOTE:
Temporary
visa
holders
Total
Nonfederal
U.S.
citizens &
permanent
residents
Temporary
visa
holders
FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008
SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010
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Postdocs at NIH Intramural Research Program
by Source of Support and Citizenship
Source of Support
Federal
Nonfederal
All
postdocs
Total
Federal
U.S.
Citizens &
Permanent
Residents
2007
3,367
3,250
1,302
1,948
117
12
105
2009
3,635
3,550
1,491
2,059
85
2
83
2010
3,539
3,497
1,558
1,939
42
3
39
NOTE:
Temporary
visa
holders
Total
Nonfederal
U.S.
citizens &
permanent
residents
Temporary
visa
holders
Data were not collected in 2008
SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010
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Early Career Doctorate Study (ECD)
 Fill gaps in data from current NCSES surveys, including
GSS, SED, and SDR
 Collect information from ECD holders, including postdocs,
about their characteristics, experiences, and outcomes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Professional activities
Employer demographics
Professional and personal life balance
Training and research opportunities
Career paths and plans
39
ECD
 2012 Pilot study of individual ECDs in the Academic
and Government employment sectors
• GSS eligibile institutions
• FFRDCs
• NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP)
 Develop frame for employment sectors
 2013 full-scale data collection of the individual ECDs in
the Academic and Government sectors
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Higher Education R&D Survey (HERD)
 Census of all universities and colleges with minimum
of $150,000 in R&D spending (N = 725 in FY 2009)
 Conducted annually from FY 1972–2009 as the Survey
of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges,
expanded and renamed Higher Education R&D Survey
for FY 2010
 Voluntary (response rates regularly over 95%)
41
HERD
 Collects expenditures for all separately budgeted R&D
performed at institutions during previous FY
 Data published at the institution level, public release of
FY 2010 data expected in late 2011/early 2012
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HERD
• Expenditures by source of funding and field of R&D
• Character of work (basic research, applied research, or
development)
• Amount expended on research equipment, by R&D field
• Amount passed through to subrecipients or received as a
subrecipient
• R&D expenditures with funds from foreign sources
43
HERD
• R&D expenditures within a medical school
• Federal and nonfederal clinical trial R&D expenditures
• R&D expenditures from ARRA awards
• Specific cost elements of R&D expenditures (salaries,
software, equipment, etc.)
• Number of personnel and postdocs paid from R&D
accounts
FY 2010 requested number of postdocs paid from
salaries and wages included in total R&D expenditures
reported
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HERD Postdoc Definition
1. Holds a recent doctorate awarded within the last 5 years
• PhD or equivalent degree such as an ScD or DEng or
first professional degree in a medical or related field
(MD, DDS,DO, DVM) or
• Foreign degree equivalent to a U.S. doctoral degree
2. Has a limited-term appointment, no more than 5–7 years
• Primarily for training in research or scholarship; and
• Working under the supervision of a senior scholar in a
unit affiliated with institution
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NCSES Contact Information

John Finamore, NSCG: 703-292-2258, [email protected]

Mark Fiegener, SED: 703-292-4622, [email protected]

Lynn Milan, SDR: 703-292-2275, [email protected]

Kelly Kang, GSS: 703-292-7796, [email protected]

Kelly Phou, ECDS: 703-292-4722, [email protected]

Ronda Britt, HERD: 703-292-7765, [email protected]
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