Transcript Data Management Brown Bag: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data A.K.A Spatial Data Joe Aufmuth GIS Librarian [email protected] 273-0367

Data Management Brown Bag:
Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) Data
A.K.A Spatial Data
Joe Aufmuth
GIS Librarian
[email protected]
273-0367
Today’s Focus
• An overview of GIS: definition, principals,
data types, and ArcGIS
• Spatial Data Source Limitations
• Is GIS the Correct Research Tool?
• Spatial Data Sources
• Summary of Spatial Data Users @ UF
Soil Information System of Thailand
http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th/research/DSSARM/SoilSys/soilsys.html
GIS Models The Real World
GIS: A Definition
A Geographic Information System, or GIS is
composed of computer hardware, software,
geographically referenced digital data (spatial
data), and people (data accuracy and bias).
A GIS is used to collect, store, update, manipulate,
analyze, and display all forms of geographic
information.
A GIS models or represents geographic features and
can measure or predict their interactions.
Multiple Data Layers
Where
What
it is (description)
When
(time)

it is (position)
it was there
Quantity, Proximity
Spatial
How
ESRI
Analysis
Features interact
“What
if..” Predictions
Principal GIS Concepts
• A data model (geo-database) that uses location and
description to mimic the “real” world. (also temporal)
• Spatial information (X,Y,Z elevation) about three vector
feature classes (POINTS, LINES, POLYGONS) and a
linked tabular database of their multiple attributes or
descriptions (grid cells have a singular attribute).
• ***Common reference system for all layers used in the
GIS. PROJECTION, DATUM (horizontal and vertical),
SPHEROID and UNITS (Lat/Long = spherical coordinate
system, not suitable for analysis)
• Facilitates overlay of multiple layers to create and analyze
new temporal and spatial relationships between features
Two Spatial Data Formats
Vector
Points, Lines, and Polygons
Raster
Grid Cells (Pixels)
Visualize the World
Three Vector Feature Classes:
Points, Lines, and Polygons
• Point: A discrete or single location with no
discernible area at a specified scale.
• Line/Arc: A set of ordered coordinates (x,y) that
when connected represent the linear shape of a
narrow object.
• Polygon (area): A closed figure composed of lines
that enclose a homogeneous area.
Vector Data
Point
No Area
Polygon
Line (Arc)
To Node
Left
From Node
No Area
Vertex
Area
Homogeneous
Right
Tabular Data
Columns = Fields = Items = Attribute = Description
Rows
= Records
= Features
Data (text, number, date)
Grid/Raster/Imagery Data
(Greater Data Variability based on Cell Size)
# Columns
Numeric Cell Value
1 value per cell
# Rows
Examples
elevation, land use, flow
rate, drainage direction,
temperature, salinity,
reflectance, etc…
Gradients and Variable
Data
ArcGIS Software:
ArcMap Program
ArcMap uses vector data in a special format
called a “SHAPEFILE”.
A single shapefile layer contains either
points, or lines, or polygons.
A shapefile is composed of several
individual files that include vector data, a
relational database, coordinate
projection, data index, etc.
ArcGIS is no longer paid for by the Provost
A Shapefile and It’s Attribute Table:
A Map of Countries:
One polygon file
Each country is one
feature
Data display is not a
map
GPS Table – GIS Import
Typical Data Layers
• Administrative and
Political Boundaries
• Cities
• Historic Sites Inventory
• Land Cover and Use
• Imagery (Satellite and
Aerials)
• Soils
• Hydrology
• Census
•
•
•
•
•
Roads
Railroads
Elevation
Fire Hydrants
Township, Range and
Section
• Species Distributions
• Property Boundaries
• All in a Common
Coordinate System
Source Data Limitations
• Different Purposes, Sources, and Reliability of Digital
Spatial Data (digital = accurate)
– Federal, State, Local, Private
– QA/QC of All Data (positional and attribute accuracy)
• Different Coordinate Systems (Geographic vs Projected)
– Latitude/Longitude – Global/Spherical Reference System
– Projection – Plane/Surface Grid Coordinate System
– Every Layer Must Share a Common Projected Coordinate System
for Analysis
• Different Digital Data Collection Scales and Uses
– Small Scale / Large Area – Regional Analysis (1:100,000)
– Large Scale / Small Area – Local Analysis (1:24,000)
Source Data Limitations
• Representing a particular real world location with a point,
line, or polygon is scale dependent.
• At small scales (1:500,000) areas become a single line or
point (generalized features/low resolution).
• At large scales (1:2000) lines and points may have area
(detailed/higher resolution).
• Usable data scale = Data source scale or smaller.
– GPS data = 1:1
vs
The Appropriate Research Tool?
• Is the research question a spatial problem?
• What research data is needed and how can GIS be
used to obtain it? Are spatial operations involved?
(clip, buffer, union, intersect, identity, etc..)
• What level of spatial resolution/scale and
positional accuracy is required?
• Does needed spatial data exist or does it have to be
created? Is descriptive tabular data available?
• Can detailed descriptive tabular data be joined to
spatial data at the current data resolution/scale?
• Is it easier to make a graphic or map in another
program? I need a pretty map!
Spatial Data Sources
•
•
•
•
•
GOOGLE Search Terms
GIS Data Clearinghouse = 338,000
GIS Data Sources = 4,400,000
GIS Data Download = 19,100,000
GIS Database = 27,900,000
Spatial Data in The Cloud
Florida Geographic Data Library
(FGDL), Florida’s Statewide Data
UF’s URP GeoPlan Center
www.fgdl.org
Africover
Food and Agriculture
Organization of the UN
www.africover.org/system/
africover_data.php
U.S. Geo Spatial One Stop
LABINS
The US’s GIS data portal
Florida’s Land
www.GeoData.gov
Boundary Information
System
www.labins.org
Subscribed Spatial Databases
LandScan 2010 Global Population
World Language Mapping System
SimplyMap demographic data
UFDC Digital Collections
The Map and Imagery Library
Over 500,000 Maps plus atlases, reference books, aerial
photography, and spatial data.
Specialized tours and class instruction by appointment.
Area specialties include: Florida, Latin America, the United
States, Africa, and the Holy Land.
Scanners and computers with GIS and remote sensing
software are available
More information can be found at
http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/maps/
GIS and Remote Sensing
Users @ UF
+
Zonal Attributes
+
=
GIS Cataloged References @ UF
GIS use only limited by the imagination!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Geographic Information Systems AND…
Public Health – 71
Forestry – 56
Business – 189
Conservation – 375
Policy – 371
Dissertation – 190
1988
Thesis – 232
1997
UF ArcGIS User Summary
www.geoplan.ufl.edu
• ~ 700 Students Annually, Free Education
Edition
• 40+ units on campus that use the concurrent
use license for ArcGIS Desktop (from 1 to
unlimited licenses)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agricultural and Biological
Engineering
Agricultural Education and
Communication
Biology
Bureau of Economic and Business
Research (BEBR)
Civil and Coastal Engineering
College of Agricultural and Life
Sciences - CALS (includes Soils)
College of Design, Construction &
Planning
College of Vet Medicine Administration
Coop. Extension, County Ops.
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Health Outcomes
and Policy - Community Denistry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Department of Urology
e-Learning Support Services /
Office of Academic Technology
Emerging Pathogens Institute
Environmental Horticulture
Fire Science
Florida Museum of Natural History
Food and Resource Economics
Department
Forest Resources and Conservation
- SFRC (includes Fisheries)
Geography
GeoPlan
Horticulture
IFAS - Citrus Research and
Education Center (CREC)
IFAS - Entomology and
Nematology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IFAS - Everglades Research and
Education Center (EREC)
IFAS - Florida Medical
Entomology Lab (Vero Beach)
IFAS - Fort Lauderdale Research
and Education Center (FLREC)
IFAS - Indian River Research and
Education Center (IRREC)
IFAS - North Florida Research and
Education Center (NFREC)
IFAS - Osceola County
IFAS - Plant Science Unit
IFAS - Southwest Florida Research
and Education Center (SWFREC)
IFAS - Statistics
IFAS - Tropical Research and
Education Center (TREC)
IFAS - West Florida Research and
Education Center (WFREC)
IFAS Center for Aquatic &
Invasive Plants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Institute for Child Health Policy
Libraries (Unlimited Licenses)
LUCIE (includes Geogrphay)
Maternal Child Health and
Education Research and Data
Center, Dept of Pediatrics (Now
called FDC)
Office of Institutional Planning &
Research
Program for Resource Efficient
Communities
Sea Grant
UF Planning
UF Shands Cancer Center
University of Florida Foundation
Research Department
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Image Analysis Software
Imagine/ENVI User Departments
• CISE
• Ag and Bio Engineering
• Geomatics -- School
Forest Resources
• Libraries (5/5)
• CREC, Lake Alfred
Experiment Station
• Ft. Lauderdale Fish and
Wildlife
• Geography/LUECI Lab
• Soil and Water Sciences
• Ag and Bio Engineering
• Wildlife, Ecology and
Conservation
• GeoPlan Center
• Florida Cooperative Fish
and Wildlife Research
Unit
• Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences
UF’s Graduate Level
Interdisciplinary Concentration in
GIS (ICGIS) Degrees
Note: (N) - non-thesis degree; (O) - thesis with non-thesis option degree; (T) - thesis degree
http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/icgis/
ICGIS
15 Total Credit Hours;
5 Categories of Courses; 29 Classes; 20 Professors
10 Participating Degree Programs in:
Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Environmental Engineering Sciences
Landscape Architecture
Geomatics Program
Forestry
Geography
Anthropology
Soil and Water Science
Urban and Regional Planning
Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
School of Natural Resources and Environment
• http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/gisday/gisday2012/
agenda2012.html
Converting Maps To Digital Data
Geo-referencing: assigning “real
world” coordinates to a
digital object
Modern/Ancient Jerusalem 1887
Paper to Digital (Remlap, L. T)
Large Format
Digital Image Capture
Desktop Image Capture
Google Maps: Jerusalem
ArcGIS: Jerusalem Imagery
Geo-referencing – image coordinates
to “real world” coordinates
Finding Common Image and
Real World Control Points
Georeferenced Digital Map
New Historic Data Layers
QUESTIONS?