Transcript ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook DOC 9718 – Fifth edition Presented by: Loftur Jónasson ICAO.

ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
DOC 9718 – Fifth edition
Presented by:
Loftur Jónasson
ICAO
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Organization of the Handbook
Nine Chapters:
1 – Introduction
2 – Objectives and purpose of the Handbook
3 – The International Telecommunication Union
4 – The ITU Regulatory Framework
5 – ICAO involvement in Frequency and Spectrum
6 – Overview of the Spectrum Management Process
7 – Statement of Frequency Allocations and ICAO
Policy
8 – Future Spectrum Requirement
9 – Interference protection considerations
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Organization of the Handbook (2)
Eight Attachments:
A – Definitions and Terms
B – Acronyms and Abbreviations
C – The Regulation of Radio in aircraft
D – Review and update (of the Handbook)
E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO
Position for ITU World Radiocommunication
Conferences
F – ICAO position for the ITU WRC-12
G – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing
criteria
H – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Introduces the Handbook and highlights:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RF spectrum is a scarce natural resource and must
be available to the States and radio services
Competition between users for spectrum
RF spectrum allocations managed by the ITU
Aeronautical spectrum is for safety and efficiency
RF congestion in spectrum utilization
International competition for spectrum allocations
Various processes on spectrum allocations
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 2 – Objectives and purposes
•
•
•
•
•
•
ITU is the specialized agency of the United Nations on all
telecommunication matters
ICAO is the specialized agency of the United Nations on
aeronautical matters
ICAO presents the internationally agreed aeronautical
requirements (ICAO position) for spectrum to ITU -WRC’s
ICAO position to be used by aeronautical authorities on a
national level
ICAO position is developed by the Air Navigation
Commission
ICAO position and policy statements are approved by
Council
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 3
the International Telecommunication Union
•
The ITU is the specialized agency of the United
Nations on all Telecommunication matters.
•
Other Organizations such as ICAO are not barred from
any kind of work on (aeronautical)
telecommunications, including Standardization
•
ITU develops the Radio Regulations at World
Radiocommunication Conferences.
•
Radio Regulations are treaty document and can only
be modified at WRC’s
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 3
the International Telecommunication Union (2)
• National Radio Regulatory authorities control the mechanism
for developing national proposals to ITU Conferences
•
Such proposals take into account the interests of all users of
spectrum, including aeronautical interests
•
The Radio Regulations also include a number of
administrative provisions (e.g. on licensing)
•
Technical work in ITU takes place in the
Radiocommunication Study Groups
•
Regional positions for WRC’s are developed by the Regional
Telecommunication organizations.
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 3
160º
140º
120º
100º
80º
60º
40º
0º
20º
20º
100º
120º
140º
160º
180º
A
B
C
80º
60º
40º
170º
170º
the International Telecommunication Union (3)
75º
75º
CITEL
60º
60º
REGION 1
CEPT RCC
REGION 2
40º
40º
ASMG
30º
20º
APT
ATU
0º
CITEL
20º
30º
20º
0º
20º
30º
30º
40º
40º
REGION 3
REGION 3
160º
140º
120º
100º
80º
60º
40º
20º
0º
20º
40º
Coverage of regions by regional telecommunication organizations approximately
60º
80º
100º
120º
140º
160º
180º
170º
170º
60º
A
B
C
60º
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 4
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services
ITU Radio Regulations:
• Spectrum allocations
• Registration of frequency assignments
• Special (administrative) provisions
• Frequencies for aviation are for safety
• -Spectrum allocations to Services and to each of the
three ITU Regions
• National or sub-Regional allocations are made through
footnotes [to the table of allocations]
• Use of HF spectrum is regulated in Appendix 27 to the
Radio Regulations
Radio Regulations
Table of Frequency Allocations
Radiocommunications services
Overview
of services
to which
spectrum
has been
allocated
Standard
frequency
Radio
astronomy
Meteorological
aids
Amateur
Space
research
Earth
exploration
SF
satellite
RA
satellite
MA
satellite
Amateur
satellite
SR
satellite
EE
satellite
Broadcast
Fixed
Space
operations
Fixedsatellite
Intersatellite
Fixed and
broadcast
services
Broadcast
satellite
Mobile
services
Mobile
Port
operations
Aeronautical
Land
Maritime
GMDSS
Specialized
services
Ship
movement
Aero(R)
Aero(OR)
Mobile-satellite
MM sat
LM sat
AeM sat
Aero M
(R) sat
Aero M
(OR) sat
Radiodetermination
Radiolocation
Radiodeterminationsatellite
RL sat
Radionavigation
RN sat
Aero RN
sat
Maritime RN
Mari RN
sat
Aero RN
Radiodetermination
services
Chapter 4
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (3)
Aeronautical Communications
-Allocations to the Aeronautical Mobile (R) Service:
-2.8 – 30 MHz (HF bands; regulated under Appendix 27)
-117.975 – 137 MHz
-112 – 117.975 MHz, 960 – 1164 MHz
(shared with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service)
-5091 – 5150 MHz (shared with ARNS , AMS and AMT)
-Appendix 27 to the Radio Regulations contains detailed
provisions on the use and coordination of HF frequencies
Chapter 4
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (4)
Allocations for use by radionavigation have been made to the
-Radionavigation Service
-Radionavigation-satellite Service
-Aeronautical Radionavigation Service
Special provisions require States to remove interference from
radionavigation services
Provisions for the identification of radio navigation systems
(e.g. The Morse code on ILS) are contained in the Radio
Regulations
Chapter 4
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (5)
Relation of ITU provisions with ICAO SARPs
•
The ITU Radio Regulations contain the
internationally agreed policies on the use of RF
spectrum by ALL radio services
•
ICAO SARPs that affect the use of RF spectrum
must comply with these policies
•
Radio Regulations and SARPs form a
complimentary set of provisions on the use of RF
spectrum by aviation
Chapter 4
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (6)
Frequency coordination and registration
•
In principle, coordination of frequency assignments
between States to be performed by ITU
•
In practice, the coordination of frequency assignments
for aviation is performed by ICAO (Regional Offices)
for:
NDB
ILS, VOR, DME, GBAS
VHF COM
•
•
ICAO can assist in pre-coordination of HF frequency
assignments
Chapter 4
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (7)
ITU Standards and ITU Recommendations
•
ITU does not develop standards for
aeronautical radio systems
•
ITU develops ITU-R Recommendations which
may affect the use of aeronautical systems
•
In most cases, ITU-R Recommendations
address aspects on sharing of frequency
spectrum
(co-frequency and adjacent frequency)
•
Chapter 4
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (8)
Radio equipment in aircraft (Attachment C to the Handbook)
needs to comply with:
•
Telecommunication regulations:
Operate in properly allocated aeronautical frequency bands
Comply with technical provisions on spurious emission
Comply with relevant ITU-R Recommendations
Operate in accordance with a radio station license
•
Aeronautical regulations
Operators and station license recognized by States
Equipment covered by airworthiness certification
Comply with provisions of Annex 10
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 4
the ITU Regulatory Framework for aeronautical radio services (9)
National regulations
• National authorities issue radio station licence
License is for the installation and use of radio equipment
and is recognized by all ICAO contracting States
•
Airworthiness approval required
Airworthiness approval
• To secure compatibility with other radio equipment
and electronic systems on board an aircraft
• Technical Standing Order
• Minimum Performance Specifications
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 5
ICAO involvement in frequency planning
ICAO develops Standards for communication and navigation
systems (Article 37 of the ICAO Convention)
• Equipment needs to be globally interoperable and requires
globally available spectrum allocations
ICAO coordinates aeronautical input on spectrum issues to ITU
conferences
• Input from ICAO addresses issues such as:
Protection of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices
(SARPs)
Interference levels
Resolution of interference
Frequency planning criteria for aviation
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 5
ICAO involvement in frequency planning (2)
ICAO activities on spectrum planning are at:
•
Global level (ACP WG F):
Develops ICAO policy statements; these are to be used in
all discussions affecting aeronautical spectrum
ICAO position for ITU on specific aeronautical requirements
to be discussed at WRC’s
•
Regional level:
Coordination of ICAO frequency assignment plans
Support from individual ICAO contracting States is essential
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 6
Overview of the spectrum management process
Regulatory domain
• ITU Radio Regulations
Technical domain:
• ITU-R Recommendations
Licensing domain:
• Radio station licence (issued by States)
Registration domain:
• ITU international Frequency list
• ICAO frequency lists
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 6
Overview of the spectrum management process (2)
Elements of the technical domain:
-Allocation planning
• World wide or Regional allocations
• Primary or secondary allocations
• Footnote allocations
• Service sharing
• ITU-R Recommendations
• Frequency planning
ITU frequency assignment plans
ICAO frequency assignment plans
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 6
Overview of the spectrum management process (3)
State of the art and spectrum management:
•
Recent advances through increased use of computer
technology in frequency assignment planning
•
New technology introduces system improvements
resulting in more efficient use of spectrum (e.g. 8.33
kHz channel spacing)
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 6
Overview of the spectrum management process (4)
Spectrum management in the future:
•
Greater demand for spectrum expected from all radio
services
•
Spectrum planning focuses on increased sharing of
spectrum between services
•
Spectrum planning focuses on releasing spectrum not
used or not efficiently used
•
In some countries spectrum pricing is being proposed
•
Progressive introduction of more spectrum efficient
systems
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy
-Section 7-I List of frequency bands for aviation
-Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations
-Section 7-III Other provisions in the Radio Regulations
-Section 7-IV ITU Resolutions and Recommendations
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (2)
Section 7-I:
List of frequency
bands in use for
civil aviation
Band
Service
Aviation use
Section
7-II
page no.
*90–110 kHz
RNS
LORAN-C
7-15
*130–535 kHz
ARNS
NDB/locator
7-19
2 850–22 000 kHz
AM(R)S
Air-ground communications
(HF voice and data)
7-31
3 023 and 5 680 kHz
AM(R)S
Search and rescue
7-41
74.8–75.2 MHz
ARNS
Marker beacon
7-43
*108–117.975 MHz
ARNS
AM(R)S
VOR/ILS localizer/
GBAS/VDL Mode 4
7-47
*117.975–137 MHz
AM(R)S
Air-ground and air-air
communications
(VHF voice and data)
7-59
121.5, 123.1 and
243 MHz
AM(R)S/MSS
Emergency frequencies
7-67
328.6–335.4 MHz
ARNS
ILS glide path
7-69
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (3)
7 detailed graphical presentations of the aeronautical frequency bands
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (4)
Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations:
•
Primary allocation
Has priority over a secondary allocation
•
Secondary allocation
Shall not cause harmful interference to
a primary allocation and must accept
interference from a primary allocation
– at any time
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (5)
Frequency
distribution to
French
English
Spanish
Services
Attribution
(attribuer)
Allocation
(to allocate)
Atribucion
(atribuir)
Areas
Allotissement
(allotir)
Allotment
(to allot)
Adjudicación
(adjudicar)
Stations
Assignation
(assigner)
Assignment
(to assign)
Assignations
(asignar)
Frequencies are:
Allocated to Services (Radio Regulations)
Allotted to areas (Radio Regulations; allotment plans)
Assigned to [radio] stations –
(by States, after international coordination is completed)
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (6)
Section 7-II Civil aviation frequency allocations, continued
•
Layout in Handbook for details on frequency allocations
ITU provisions relevant to the allocation
ITU provisions relevant to the allocation
ICAO policy statements (established by Council)
Description of aeronautical use
Commentary (background information)
Note that in Revision 5 of the Handbook, the below has been
moved to Appendix G:
• Reference material (ICAO, ITU, Industry Standards (RTCA, EUROCAE)
•
Interference from non-aeronautical sources (if available)
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (7)
MHz
108–117.975
Example:
Frequency allocation
for the band
108 -117.975 MHz
as per ITU Radio
Regulations
Allocation to Services
Region 1
108–117.975
Region 2
Region 3
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
5.197 5.197A
Footnotes:
5.197
Additional allocation: in Pakistan and the Syrian Arab Republic, the band 108–111.975
MHz is also allocated to the mobile service on a secondary basis, subject to agreement obtained
under No. 9.21. In order to ensure that harmful interference is not caused to stations of the
aeronautical radionavigation service, stations of the mobile service shall not be introduced in the
band until it is no longer required for the aeronautical radionavigation service by any administration
which may be identified in the application of the procedures invoked under No. 9.21.
5.197A Additional allocation: the band 108-117.975 MHz is also allocated on a primary basis to
the aeronautical mobile (R) service, limited to systems operating in accordance with recognized
international aeronautical standards. Such use shall be in accordance with Resolution 413 (Rev.
WRC-07). The use of the band 108-112 MHz by the aeronautical mobile (R) service shall be
limited to systems composed of ground-based transmitters and associated receivers that provide
navigational information in support of air navigation functions in accordance with recognized
international aeronautical standards. (WRC-07)
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (8)
ICAO policy statement
as approved by Council
for the band:
108 – 117.975 MHz
ICAO POLICY
•
•
•
•
No change to the current allocation to the aeronautical
radionavigation service and the aeronautical mobile (route)
service (AM(R)S).
Deletion of Footnote 5.197.
Ensure conformity with ITU-R Recommendation SM.1009
regarding compatibility with FM broadcast services in the
band 87.5–108 MHz and ILS/VOR and with ITU-R
Recommendation M.1841 for GBAS.
Support studies associated with ITU-R Resolution 413 in
order to facilitate the use of the frequency band by AM(R)S
systems that operate in accordance with international
standards.
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (9)
•
Aviation use:
Description of the systems (ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode
4) using the band 108 – 117.975 MHz
•
Commentary:
Background information on the use of the band 108 – 117.975
MHz by aviation.
108.00
331.25
109.50
109.55
334.85
335.00
111.90
111.95
120.00
335.4
334.55
334.70
334.40
334.25
334.10
333.95
333.80
333.65
333.50
333.35
333.20
333.05
332.90
332.75
332.60
332.45
332.30
111.70
111.75
111.50
111.55
111.30
111.35
111.10
111.15
110.90
110.95
110.70
110.75
110.50
110.55
110.30
110.35
332.15
332.00
331.85
109.90
109.95
110.10
110.15
331.55
331.70
109.70
109.75
331.40
330.95
.
331.10
330.80
330.65
330.50
109.30
109.35
109.10
109.15
330.35
330.20
330.05
108.70
108.75
108.90
108.95
329.75
329.90
329.60
329.45
329.30
329.15
108.50
108.55
108.30
108.35
108.10
108.15
328.6
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (10)
MHz
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (11)
Additional Technical References in Attachment G:
•References to relevant material in:
ICAO Annex 10 (specifications for ILS, VOR, GBAS and VDL Mode 4)
RTCA and EUROCAE standards for airborne equipment
ARINC Characteristics
ITU-R Recommendations
•References to information specific to interference from FM
broadcasting stations
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 7 - Statement of frequency allocation,
technical details and ICAO policy (12)
Section 7-III; Radio Regulations and other material:
•
ITU Constitution and Convention
ICAO participates as an observer in an advisory capacity
•
Radio Regulations Administrative provisions
No. 3.3 – incorporate technical means to reduce interference
No. 4.4 – States can use frequencies in a manner that does not comply
with the Radio Regulations – However, such use must protect
stations which operate in compliance with the Radio Regulations
No. 4.10 – States recognize the safety aspects of radionavigation
No. 15.8 – Special consideration to be given to avoid interference on distress
and safety services
Chapter V Section III – Formation of call signs
No. 44.1 – Order of priority of communications
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 8
Future Spectrum Requirements
The Handbook identifies future spectrum requirements for:
•
GNSS augmentation
GBAS
SBAS
LAAS/WAAS
•
•
•
•
•
Synthetic vision
HF data link
VDL Mode 4
ADS-B
Future Communication Systems
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 9
Interference protection considerations
Interference issues:
•
Regulatory aspects
•
Management and control of interference
•
Assessment of protection of aeronautical services
•
Some special cases
•
General protection limits for aeronautical services
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 9
Interference protection considerations (2)
Regulatory aspects:
• Harmful interference (RR1.169)
Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation
service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs,
or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in
accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).
•
Safety Service (RR 1.59)
Any radiocommunication service used permanently or temporarily for
the safeguarding of human life and property.
•
Aviation safety factor
6dB, to be added to the minimum protection level
•
Registration of frequencies
Registration provides administrative protection from harmful
interference
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 9
Interference protection considerations (3)
Management and control of interference:
• -International agreement on a regulatory basis
ITU Radio Regulations Board
•
-System and equipment standards
ICAO SARPs
RTCA and EUROCAE specifications
ITU-R Recommendations
•
-Licensing of radio services
Licensing conditions can assist in prevention and removal of
interference
•
-Control and clearance of interference
Telecommunication authority within a State
ICAO (Regional Office)
ITU (Radiocommunication Bureau)
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 9
Interference protection considerations (4)
Assessment of protection of aeronautical services:
•
Subject to analysis (e.g. in case of allocation sharing)
Based on interference threshold, established by aviation
Aviation safety factor (6 dB)
•
Variables to be considered in assessment / analysis
Source of interference
Frequency separation
Distance separation
Receiver susceptibility to interference
RF propagation
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 9
Interference protection considerations (5)
Some special cases:
•
ISM
Harmonic relation between ISM frequencies and aeronautical
VHF bands
•
VSAT /SNG
These systems use small satellite antennas and can be located
anywhere; can cause interference in the near vicinity of aircraft
(e.g. if used at airports)
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Chapter 9
Interference protection considerations (6)
General protection limits for aeronautical services
Use
•
Frequency Band
Minimum
Signal
dB (uV/m)
System Planning
Protection
Ratio DB
Suggested
Maximum
Level of
Interfering
Signal DB
(uV/m)
37 (1)
15
16
1
Omega
2
NDB
190–850 KHz
10–14 KHz
3
HF Comms
2.8–22 MHz
4
ILS Mkr Beacon
74.8–75.2 MHz
46 (1)
20
20
5
ILS Localizer
108–112 MHz
40 (1)
20
14
6
VOR
108–118 MHz
39 (1)
20
13
7
VHF Comms
118–137 MHz
37 (1)
14
17
8
ILS Glide Path
328.6–335.4 MHz
52 (1)
20
26
9
ELT
406 MHz
10
DME
960–1 215 MHz
71 (1)
8
57
11
SSR
1 030–1 090 MHz
12
Primary Radar
(23 cm)
1 215–1 350 MHz
13
Satcom (S to E)
1 545–1 555 MHz
14
GPS
1 559–1 610 MHz
–160 dBW (3)
–137 (2)
15
GLONASS
1 559–1 610 MHz
–160 dBW (3)
–137 (2)
15
Limits apply only to intra-system interference;
can not be used for assessing interference with other systems
ICAO Radio Frequency Handbook
Attachments
A – Definition and Terms
Summary of definitions of terms in the Radio Regulations
B – Acronyms and abbreviations
C – Regulation of Radio in aircraft
is addressed under Chapter 4
D – Review and update (of the Handbook)
provides a schedule for updating the Handbook to reflect decisions
of WRC’s and develop positions for future WRC’s
E – Strategy for establishing and promoting the ICAO position for
ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences
F – ICAO position for WRC-2012 – addressed in separate presentation
G – Technical Information and Frequency Sharing Criteria
H – ITU Resolutions and Recommendations – as contained in the RR
END
Questions/Comments?