Transcript The global migration debate: What data do we need to close the evidence-gap? Pablo Lattes Migration Section, Population Division - DESA United Nations, New.

The global migration debate: What data
do we need to close the evidence-gap?
Pablo Lattes
Migration Section, Population Division - DESA
United Nations, New York
Regional workshop on migration statistics,
26 - 27 October 2011, Antalya, Turkey
International migration and
development at the United Nations
N
O
N
U
N
GFMD
GFMD
Mexico Switzerland
Berne
Initiative
1994
U
N
GFMD
Philippines
GFMD
GFMD
Belgium
Greece
ICPD
1996
1998
2000
2002
Doyle
Report
2004
GCIM
2006
2008
GFMD
Mauritius GFMD
(Troika?)
GFMD
Sweden
2010
2012
2014
CPD and HLD
SRSG, CPD, GMG
and HLD
ITD
UNGA
Second Committee
2016
Milestones on international migration and
development at the United Nations


International Conference on Population and
Development, Cairo, 1994 (PoA, Chapter X)
High-level Dialogue on International Migration
and Development, 2006
• Global Forum on Migration and Development
• Global Migration Group (14 UN agencies plus IOM and
World Bank)
• Special Representative of the Secretary-General


Informal thematic debate on International
Migration and Development, 19 May 2011
High-Level Dialogue on International Migration
and Development, 2013
Informal thematic debate
Panel 1: The contribution of migrants to development
International migration contributes to development. But in
order to reap the full benefits of migration the following are
needed:
Better policies and programs to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduce transaction costs of remittances
Promote return and circular migration
Promote migrant entrepreneurship
Protect the rights of all migrants
Facilitate the integration of migrants into host societies
A sound evidence base
Informal thematic debate (2)
Panel 2: Improving international cooperation on migration
and development
Maximizing migrant contributions to development requires
cooperation at all levels
• At the bilateral and regional levels progress has been made in
strengthening cooperation
• The GFMD has successfully promoted dialogue, but it is still a
fragile process, with insufficient support from Member States
• The GMG has an important role to play in fostering better
coordination and supporting the activities of Member States
(for example, collaboration between UNHCR and IOM to
evacuate foreign workers from Libya)
The Global Migration Group (GMG)



16 members, including the 14 United Nations
entities (…), IOM and the World Bank
Created by United Nations Secretary-General in
context of the 2006 High Level Dialogue
Objectives:
• Apply international instruments and norms on
international migration
• Promote coherent, comprehensive and coordinated
approach to international migration
Global Migration Group (GMG), 2011
Global Forum on Migration and
Development (GFMD)





Objective
• to advance understanding and cooperation on the nexus
between migration and development and foster practical and
action-oriented outcomes
Character
• voluntary, informal, participatory, non-binding and
Government-led process
Participation
• open to all members and observers of the UN
Past Meetings
• Belgium (2007), Philippines (2008), Greece (2009) and Mexico
(2010)
Future Meetings
• Switzerland (2011), Mauritius (2012), Sweden (2014)
2011 GFMD – main themes


Theme - Taking Action on Migration and Development Coherence, Capacity and Cooperation
Labour mobility and development
• Engaging the private sector in labour market planning
• Lowering the costs of migration for higher development gains
• Global care workers at the interface of migration and
development


Addressing irregular migration through coherent migration
and development strategies
And Planning tools for evidence-based migration and
development policies.
• Handbook on ‘Mainstreaming Migration into Development
Planning’
• Impact Assessments of Migration and Development Policies
• Implementing Migration Profiles
2013 High-level Dialogue on International
Migration and Development process
(UNGA resolution 65/170)


Resolution on theme and modalities: UNGA 67th
session (Oct 2012)
Regional commissions and other relevant entities
(IOM, etc.): regional preparations

High-level Dialogue: Sep (?) 2013

Resolution on HLD outcomes and future (?)
Data sources for policy issues
Key policy levels
Data sources
Levels, trends and characteristics
UN DESA
Remittances levels and costs
The World Bank
Circular and return migration
? Surveys
Labour export (incl. highly-skilled
migration [brain drain])
OECD, WHO, The World
Bank
Migrant entrepreneurship
? Surveys
Portability of pensions
? bilateral agreements
Transferability of education
certificates / skills
UNESCO, bilateral
agreements
Irregular migration
Admin. Records, Surveys
Social and economic integration of
migrants
Census, Surveys
Protection of rights of migrants
Special Rapporteur on
Human Rights, ILO
Recommended stock tabulations by
United Nations Statistical Office







Native and foreign-born population by age and
sex
Foreign-born population by country of birth, age
and sex
Foreigners by country of citizenship, age and sex
Foreign-born 15+ years and over by educational
attainment and sex
Foreigners 15+ years of age by educational
attainment and sex
Population by citizenship status, age and sex
Economically active foreign-born by occupation
Source: Migrant stock tables of United Nations Statistics Division
Population census questionnaire 2011
Recommended flow tabulations by
United Nations Statistical Office



Inflow by reason (work, study, etc.)
Inflow and outflow by citizenship status, sex and
age
Inflow and outflow by origin/destination
• citizenship
• country of residence (previous/next)
• country of birth
Source: United Nations Statistics Division Questionnaire on
International Travel and Migration
Reporting compliance by countries
Example 1: migrant stock (total)
Total foreign-born/
foreigners
Percentage
countries with data
Percentage
migrants covered
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
Africa
70
51
11
62
69
22
Asia
64
76
28
74
87
42
Europe
81
88
58
96
99
85
Latin America and the
Caribbean
83
76
15
85
95
9
Northern America
80
80
80
100
100
100
Oceania
83
92
25
100
100
95
Total
75
74
28
86
93
68
Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011
Reporting compliance by countries
Example 2: migrant stock (age)
Foreign-born, foreigners
by age
Percentage
countries with data
Percentage
migrants covered
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
Africa
54
33
5
53
50
8
Asia
40
52
22
41
59
37
Europe
54
81
38
53
99
69
LAC
80
63
13
85
89
9
Northern America
80
80
60
100
100
100
Oceania
67
71
17
98
99
79
Total
58
58
20
60
82
60
Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011
Reporting compliance by countries
Example 3: migrant stock (origin)
Foreign-born, Foreigners
by country of birth /
citizenship
Percentage
countries with data
Percentage
migrants covered
1990
2000
2010
1990
2000
2010
Africa
65
46
5
33
88
7
Asia
50
62
16
52
75
18
Europe
79
88
56
82
100
85
LAC
83
74
7
81
100
6
Northern America
80
80
80
100
100
100
Oceania
75
79
25
98
100
95
Total
70
68
22
71
91
60
Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011
Reporting on migration flows
Country
From
Country
From
Armenia
2000
Germany
1965
Poland
1999
Australia
1976
Greece
2007
Portugal
1992
Austria
1996
Hungary
1995
Rep. of Moldova
1993
Azerbaijan
1995
Iceland
1986
Romania
1994
Belarus
2000
Ireland
1987
Russian Fed.
1991
Belgium
1960
Israel
1995
Slovakia
1993
Bulgaria
2007
Italy
1986
Slovenia
1996
Canada
1964
Kazakhstan
2000
Spain
1983
Croatia
1992
Kyrgyzstan
1990
Sweden
1960
Cyprus
2002
Latvia
1995
Switzerland
1991
Czech Republic
1993
Lithuania
2000
Ukraine
2000
Denmark
1980
Luxembourg d
1980
United Kingdom
1960
Estonia
2004
Netherlands
2000
United States
2000
Finland
1980
New Zealand
1979
France
1994
Norway
1980
Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011
Country
From
Remittances (inflows US dollars)
Remittances Inflows (US$
million)
2000
2005
2008
2009
2010e
Share of GDP,
2009
Armenia
87
498
1062
769
832
8.8%
Azerbaijan
57
693
1554
1274
1404
3.0%
Belarus
139
255
443
358
375
0.7%
Georgia
274
346
732
714
808
6.6%
Kazakhstan
122
178
192
124
132
0.1%
9
322
1232
992
1160
21.7%
179
920
1897
1211
1306
22.4%
1275
3012
6033
5359
5477
0.4%
Tajikistan
..
467
2544
1748
2032
35.1%
Turkmenistan
..
..
..
..
..
33
595
5769
5073
5595
..
..
..
..
..
Kyrgyz Republic
Moldova
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Source: World Bank, 2011
4.5%
The cost of transferring remittances differs greatly across migration
corridors
Cost of sending US$ 200 in US$, third quarter 2010
Ghana → Nigeria
$32.5
Germany → Croatia
Japan → Republic of Korea
$38.1
Australia → PNG
$39.2
Tanzania → Kenya
UAE → Pakistan
$47.3
$3.2
Russian Federation → Azerbaijan
$4.5
Singapore → Philippines
$4.8
Qatar → India
$6.3
Saudi Arabia → Nepal
$6.6
Source: World Bank, 2011
Some of the
most
expensive
corridors
$36.5
Some of the
least
expensive
corridors
N
or
w
G ay
re
e
Ire ce
la
nd
Ita
Sp ly
B ai
el n
g
Sl iu
ov m
a
A k ia
us
Fr tria
an
S
N w ce
et e
he de
rla n
n
Po ds
Po lan
rt d
G ug
er al
m
D an
en y
U
ni H ma
te u r
C d K ng k
ze i a
c h ng r y
d
Lu Rep om
xe ub
m
Sw bo lic
itz ur
er g
la
nd
Migrant entrepreneurs create
many new jobs …
Average number of jobs created by each foreign-born
self-employed person in firms with under 50 employees, 1998-2008
6
Foreign-born
4
2
0
Source: OECD, 2010
… almost as many as native-born entrepreneurs
Average number of jobs created by each foreign- and native-born
self-employed person in firms with under 50 employees, 1998-2008
6
Foreign-born
Native-born
4
2
N
or
w
G ay
re
e
Ire ce
la
nd
Ita
Sp ly
B ai
el n
g
Sl iu
ov m
a
A k ia
us
Fr tria
an
S
N w ce
et e
he de
rla n
n
Po ds
Po lan
rt d
G ug
er al
m
D an
en y
U
ni H ma
te u r
C d K ng k
ze i a
c h ng r y
d
Lu Rep om
xe ub
m
Sw bo lic
itz ur
er g
la
nd
0
Source: OECD, 2010
Migration Corridors
Significant migration between regions (millions)
TO
FROM
REGION
AFR
ASIA
EUR
LAC
NAM
OCEAN
AFR
17.2
4.5
7.6
0.0
1.9
0.3
31.4
55%
ASIA
0.6
48.2
18.5
0.3
13.9
1.9
83.4
58%
EUR
1.4
7.6
38.5
1.5
9.1
2.6
60.7
63%
LAC
0.1
0.5
4.1
4.6
23.6
0.1
33.0
14%
NAM
0.1
0.4
0.8
1.0
1.4
0.2
3.8
36%
OCEAN
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.8
1.5
57%
TOTAL
19.3
61.3
69.8
7.5
50.0
6.0
213.9
89%
79%
55%
62%
3%
14%
“Destination”
Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011
TOTAL
“Origin
”
Migrant Stock by Age and Sex
Migrants in the ‘North’: older and a balanced sex ratio
Migrants in the ‘South’: younger and males of working age
More developed regions
65+
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Males
Females
Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011
Less developed regions
65+
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Males
Females