The Aware Mind What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain.
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The Aware Mind What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 L08 Analyze the meaning of consciousness in terms of alertness, sensory awareness, and self-awareness, and debate whether nonhuman animals have consciousness. Do Dolphins Have Consciousness? © Melissa Schalke/Photos.com Dolphins are cute, but are they conscious? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Consciousness as Alertness © Stockbyte/Photos.com The reticular formation is an important brain area for controlling alertness. © Argosy Publishing, Inc. Reticular formation L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Consciousness as Sensory Awareness © Argosy Publishing, Inc. Thalamus L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Consciousness as Self-Awareness © Eric Isselée/Photos.com Rubbing one’s own face instead of the mirror is taken as a sign of self-awareness. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? L01 L02 Explain the roles of light and eating in regulating cycles of consciousness, and show how these cycles can be disrupted by technologies of modern life. L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 L08 Differentiate the five stages of sleep in terms of EEG patterns, autonomic nervous system and muscle activity, and possible functions. Compare and contrast several sleep disorders in terms of their symptoms and the type of sleep disturbed. The Circadian Rhythm © Diego Cervo/Shutterstock Light is needed to “re-set” the clock each day. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Larks © TommL/iStockphoto © Stockbyte/Photos.com Genetic Differences: Larks and Owls Owls L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Environmental Influences: Eating © Michael Pettigrew/Shutterstock Eating can influence sleep-wake cycles. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Environmental Influences: Light © Yuganov Konstantin/Shutterstock Natural light has a powerful influence on people’s circadian rhythms. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? © Cengage Learning 2013 Circadian Arrhythmia: Jetlag L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Brain Activity and Alertness Beta waves Theta waves Sleep spindle K-complex © Cengage Learning 2013 Delta waves Delta waves 0 5 10 Time (sec) 15 L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Alert Wakefulness: Beta Waves Beta waves © Catherine Yeulet/Photos.com Alpha waves L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Relaxed Wakefulness: Alpha Waves Beta waves © George Doyle/Photos.com Alpha waves L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Stage 1 Sleep: Theta Waves © NotarYES/Shutterstock Theta waves L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Stage 2 Sleep: K-Complexes and Sleep Spindles K-complex © NotarYES/Shutterstock Sleep spindle L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Stages 3-4 Sleep: Delta Waves Delta waves © Deklofenak/Shutterstock Delta waves L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? REM Sleep © Carlos Caetano/Shutterstock © Andreas Meyer/Shutterstock Beta waves L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? ABC Video: Sleep Cycles Click on play button to launch video in QuickTime player. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Sleep Disorders Courtesy of Louise Hawkley In sleep disorders the cycles of consciousness become dysregulated. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Insomnia © Aidar/Shutterstock After nightmares, the most common sleep problem is insomnia. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? © Louie Psihoyos/Science Faction/Corbis Narcolepsy and Cataplexy Dog before (left) and during (right) a cataplexy attack. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Sleep Apnea © Howard Sandler/Shutterstock Breathing can stop for a minute or more before the body’s alarms wake the sleeper. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Night Terrors © Ryan Lane/iStockphoto Night terrors are not the same thing as nightmares. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 L08 Explain disorders of consciousness in terms of damage or dysfunction in specific areas of the brain. © Fernando Gregory Milan/iStockphoto Specific Deficits in Consciousness: Prosopagnosia L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? © Argosy Publishing, Inc. © Blamb/Shutterstock Epilepsy and Seizures Generalized Partial seizure seizure L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Persistent Vegetative State © REUTERS/Romain Eyckens People in a persistent vegetative state are unable to communicate. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Coma Normal EEG © Cengage Learning 2013 Comatose EEG L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? © Society of Nuclear Medicine Brain Death L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 L08 Differentiate the neurochemical mechanisms and effects on consciousness of hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants, and opiates. Evaluate the evidence for hypnosis and meditation as neurologically “real” altered states of consciousness. Hallucinogens © Chris Taylor/PictureNature/NHPA/Photoshot The Amanita mushroom produces vivid hallucinations. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Stimulants © ARTBOXCOM/Shutterstock Caffeine intake can result in increasing energy and alertness. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Depressants © Alexey Lysenko/Shutterstock Alcohol has both stimulant and depressant properties. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Opiates © yahweh/Shutterstock © Leon Forado/Shutterstock Opiates mimic the brain’s painkillers, but depressant effects can be deadly. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Addiction, Tolerance, and Withdrawal Tolerance New user Withdrawal Drug effect Baseline © Cengage Learning 2013 Body’s adaptation L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Hypnosis © Paula Connelly/iStockphoto Studies of brain activity suggest that hypnosis can alter perception. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Meditation © kali9/iStockphoto Meditators may show some theta waves, characteristic of Stage 1 sleep. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness? Dolphin Consciousness? © Melissa Schalke/Photos.com Dolphins are alert, respond to sensory input, and may even have self-consciousness. L01 L02 L03 L04 L05 L06 L07 What Does It Mean to Be Conscious? What Happens to Consciousness During Wakefulness and Sleep? How Is Consciousness Affected by Brain Damage? How Do People Intentionally Alter Their States of Consciousness?