Transcript Secondary beam production with fragment separators  Introduction  Application  Statistics  Reaction Mechanisms  New features  New utilities  Optimization procedures  Perspectives The code operates under MS Windows environment and provides a highly.

Secondary beam production with fragment separators

Introduction

Application

Statistics

Reaction Mechanisms

New features

New utilities

Optimization procedures

Perspectives
The code operates under MS Windows environment and provides a highly user-friendly
interface. It can be freely downloaded from the following internet address:
http://www.nscl.msu/edu/lise
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1
20 years of the LISE code
1986-1991
D.Bazin, GANIL
v.1.0-2.0
1991-1993
D.Bazin, MSU
O.Sorlin, Orsay
v.2.1-2.3
The program LISE 1) is designed to predict
intensities and purities for the planning of
future experiments using radioactive beams
with in-flight separators, as well as for
tuning experiments where its results can be
quickly compared to on-line data.
An application of transport integral 2) lies in
the basis of fast calculations of the program
for the estimation of temporary evolution of
phase space distributions.
1) D.Bazin et al., NIM A 482 (2002) 314;
O.B.Tarasov, et al., NPA 701 (2002) 661-665.
2) D.Bazin and B.Sherrill, Phys.Rev.E50 (1994) 4017.
LISE REFERENCE MANUAL
Version 2.2 - June 8, 1992 ….
LISE is a DOS-based software running on any IBM compatible PC. It
runs under DOS 3.1 and following versions, and only needs 640
kbytes of memory. The speed of the program depends greatly on the
CPU type, speed and configuration. The use of a co-processor is
greatly recommended: the program uses FFT (Fast Fourier
Transform) algorithms which contain extensive floating-point
operations.The last version has been developed on a 386-SX at 16
MHz with a co-processor which provides a reasonable speed (about
1 second per transmission calculation).
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The deliberate choice of personal
computers (PCs) to implement the
program was made for two reasons:
* to make use of user-friendly features
(menus, etc.);
* so that the program could be used in
different laboratories worldwide without
modification.
Evolution shows this was a good choice!
IBM sold PCs in 1992 twice more than in
1991 after release the LISE version 2.2.
2
20 years of the LISE code
1994-1997
O.T., GANIL
v.2.3 – 2.9
1998
O.T., GANIL
v.3.1
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Corrections, Modifications (compound target, compensating dipole)
LISE operates under MS Windows
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20 years of the LISE code
Active development of the
LISE code stimulated by
M.Lewitowicz
1999-2000
O.T., GANIL
v.3.2-4.9
LISE for Excel.
It includes even transmission
calculations.
2001
NSCL / MSU
v.4.10 –5.12
2002
NSCL / MSU
v.5.13 –5.15
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Active development of the LISE code stimulated by B.Sherrill.
Abrasion-Ablation model construction, ATIMA implementation
Fusion residues transmission 1). PACE4 implementation.
First reference 2) since 16 years!
1) O.Tarasov and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174.
2) D.Bazin et al., NIM A 482 (2002) 314.
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20 years of the LISE code
Plans to develop LISE++ was announced
5 years ago on the EMIS14 conference (Victoria, Canada)
2003
LISE++.1) is the new generation of the LISE code, which allows the
creation of a spectrometer through the use of different “blocks”.
NSCL / MSU
v.6
2004
NSCL / MSU
v.7.1
2005
NSCL / MSU
v.7.5
2006
NSCL / MSU
v.7.9
2007
NSCL / MSU
v.8.0
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1) Nuclear Physics A746 (2004) 411-414


Convolution Model of momentum distributions of projectile
fragmentation products developed in the LISE framework 1)
Coulomb Fission 2)
1) Nuclear Physics A734 (2004) 536-540
2) EPJ A25 (2005) 751
Abrasion – Fission
Tech.report NSCL MSU, MSUCL-1300
Fusion – Fission (P31)
Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
Fragment production in material (P35)
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Main Features
The LISE++ code can be used at low-energy, medium-energy and high-energy facilities
(fragment- and recoil-separators with electrostatic and/or magnetic selections).
A number of these facilities, like LISE3, SISSI/LISE3 and SPEG at GANIL, FRS and SuperFRS at GSI,
COMBAS at Dubna, A1900 and S800 at NSCL, RIPS and BigRIPS at RIKEN, based on the separation of
projectile-like and fission fragments are included or can be easily added to the existing configuration files.
Fast analytical calculations
(Monte Carlo calculations are available too)
Reaction mechanisms
Projectile Fragmentation
Fusion-Evaporation
Fusion-Fission
Coulomb Fission
Abrasion-Fission
Highly userfriendly environment
Built-in powerful tools

Physical Calculator

LISE for Excel

Nuclide and Isomeric states* Databases utilities

Relativistic Reaction Kinematics Calculations

Curved degrader calculation

PACE4 – evaporation MC code for Windows

The spectrometric handbook of J.Kantele &
Units converter

Codes “Global” & “Charge”
(charge state distributions)
Built-in help support
Ion charge state distribution calculations
(4 methods)
Range and energy loss in material calculations
(4 methods)

Range optimization utility

“Brho” analyzer, Solenoid (Twinsol)* &
ISOL-catcher* utilities

Transport envelope packet package

“Evaporation” calculator

Automatical search of two-dimensional peaks
in experimental spectra
Contribution of secondary reactions in the target
Fragment production in Material
Different selection methods
Optics («Transport» matrices are used)
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LISE++ in action
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Application: World Wide Used
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Reaction mechanisms
1. Some models have been developed and several
reaction mechanisms have been implemented recently the LISE++ code to calculate the transmission and yields of fragments produced and collected in a spectrometer due to that fact LISE++
became by important tool to explore the drip-lines.
2. Recently performed and incoming experiments in
2007 devoted to new neutron-rich isotopes production by different reaction mechanisms:
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a)
Projectile fragmentation, transfer reactions:
48
Ca(140MeV/u) +W
February
New isotope: 44Si
b)
Projectile fragmentation, transfer reactions:
48
Ca(140MeV/u) +W
March-April
New isotopes 40Mg, 42Al, 43Al
c)
In-flight fission of 238U(80MeV/u)
April-March
New isotopes (preliminary): 123Rh?, ***
d)
In-flight fission of
U(345MeV/u) +Be
May-June
125
New isotopes Pd, ***
e)
Fusion-fission 238U(24MeV/u)+Be
September-October
f)
…
238
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Projectile fragmentation & Transfer reactions
NSCL / MSU
40Mg, 42,43Al
44Si
T.Baumann et al., submitted
O.T. et al.,
Phys. Rev. C 75, 064613 (2007)
LISE++ Abrasion-Dissipation-Ablation model (ADA) /under construction/
LISE++ Abrasion-Ablation cannot
explain production cross section
dependences from target
properties (size, N/Z ratio) and
projectile energy.
No explanation for pickup
contribution
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Abrasion-Fission
The basic complexity in the case
of Abrasion-Fission is the fact
that there are more than 1000 fissile nuclei (see Fig.1) after
abrasion of a fast heavy projectile by a target compared to only
one fissile nucleus in the case of Coulomb fission. To overcome this
problem, a model with three-excitation energy regions has been developed in the LISE++ framework, that suggests just three fissile nuclei for different excitation energy regions, which are calculated by using LISE++ Abrasion-Ablation model (see Fig.2). The excitation region
(low, middle, high) is determined by three parameters: excitation energy, cross-section, and fissile nucleus (A,Z).
To calculate AF fission production for each excitation energy region
the code uses the following approach 2) :
Calculation of the initial fission matrix of production cross–sections
for excited fragments uses the semi-empirical model 3) with the
charge distribution modification;
Post-scission nucleon emission is the final stage. Use of the LisFus
method 4) to define the number of post-scission.

Fig.1. Calculated fission de-excitation channels after
the abrasion of 238U(1AGeV) by a lead target. The most
probable fissile nuclei in the excitation energy regions
are shown in the figure.
Fig2. The “Abrasion-Fission” dialog after AF settings calculations.
References:
1. M.Bernas, et al., Nucl.Phys. A725 (2003) 213.
2. O.T., Eur.Phys.J. A 25, Supplement 1, 751 (2005)
3. J.Benlliure et al., Nucl.Phys. A628 (1998) 458.
4. O.T. and D.Bazin, NIM B204 (2003) 174-178.
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Abrasion – Fission: three excitation energy regions model
Fig.1. Calculated excitation distribution of fissile nuclei
produced in the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb.
Fig.3. Measured [Enq99] and calculated by LISE
elemental fission cross-sections for the reaction
238U(1AGeV)+Pb. Contributions from different EERs
are shown in the plot also.
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Fig.2. Calculated excitation distribution of fissile nuclei
produced in the reaction 238U(80AMeV)+Be.
Fig.4. Mass distributions of Z=40
isotopes fission fragments in the
reaction 238U(1AGeV)+Pb.
[Enq99] T.Enqvist et al., Nucl.Phys. A658 (1999) 47-66.
Fig.5. Isotopic production cross-sections for fission
products (Z=40) from the reaction 238U(1AGeV)+p
obtained in work [Ber03] and calculated by the LISE
AF model.
[Ber03] M.Bernas et al, Nucl.Phys. A725 (2003) 213-253.
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Abrasion-Fission
Coulomb fission
Search for new isotopes and isomers
MSU (April, 2007)
A.Nettelton et al.
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RIKEN (May,2007)
T.Kubo et al.,
(see O43 by T.Ohnishi)
“LISE++ development: Coulomb Fission”, Tech. Rep. MSUCL-1299, September 2005, 64 pages
“LISE++ development: Abrasion-Fission”, Tech. Rep. MSUCL-1300, September 2005, 131 pages
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Fusion-Fission
A new LISE++ fusion-fission model for fast
calculations of fusion-fission fragment cross
sections has been developed basing on:
 The Bass algorithm to estimate complete
fusion cross section 1) (see Fig.1).
 The fast analytical evaporation model LisFus 2) to calculate a fission channel
value as well as deexcitation of fission fragments. Use of the LisFus method to
define the number of post-scission nucleons enables the user to make a rapid
qualitative estimate of the final fission fragment yield.
 The semi-empirical model of J.Benlliure 3) which describes the formation of
excited prefragment due to the nuclear collisions and their consecutive decay.
B.’s model describes the fission properties of a large number of fissioning nuclei are a wide range of excitation energies 4).
Comparison between LISE
calculations and experimental data 5) for the fusion-fission channel in the
reaction 12C + 238U is shown
in Fig.2.
Fig.1. The Fusion-Residue information
window. It is activated by clicking the
“C”ompound button in the SETUP window.
Fig2. Fission cross sections for 12C-induced fission as a
function of center-of-mass energy.
References:
1. R.Bass, Phys.Rev.Lett. 39 (1977) 265
2. O.T. and D.Bazin, NIM B 204 (2003) 174.
3. J.Benlliure et al., Nucl.Phys. A628 (1998) 458.
4. O.T., Tech.Rep. NSCL MSU, MSUCL-1299, September 2005.
5. A.Gavron et al., Phys.Rev. C30 (1984) 1550.
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Fusion-Fission is a new reaction mechanism
to produce exotic radioactive beams
Advantages of in-flight fusion-fission to explore this region are the heavier fissile nucleus competing with abrasion-fission, and the higher excitation energy
of a fissile nucleus competing with Coulomb fission of the 238U primary beam.
The LISE++ fusion-fission model predicts production of new isotopes of elements between neodymium and hafnium with the 238U beam at energies 10-40
MeV/u on light targets. The region that we are particularly interested in this experiment (neutron rich nuclei with 60<Z<70) is more or less unexplored, although these nuclei are quite close to stability. Yet, this region is critical for
making a connection between nuclear models and understanding the r-process Fig.1. The nuclide chart demonstrating
abundance patterns of elements around lead.
excited fissile nuclei for different fission
238
reactions with a
U beam. The green
circle shows of the region of interest
238
with in-flight U fusion-fission.
Fig.2. Two-dimensional yield plot for fragments
produced in the 238U(20 MeV/u,1pnA) + D (12 mg/cm2)
reaction and separated by SISSI + Alpha spectrometer with horizontal and vertical angular acceptances ± 60 mrad and momentum acceptance
± 0.5 %. The spectrometer was set on the 172Tb63+
ion. About 55 new isotopes are expected for
these settings, assuming 7 events per day for
new isotope identification from LISE calculations. The total transmission is about 0.3%.
P31 : “Fusion-Fission is a new reaction mechanism to produce exotic radioactive beams”, Contribution to the
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international EMIS 2007 conference, Deaville, France , June 24-29, 2007
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Recent development (2006-2007)
Reactions:
Fusion-Fission
Features:
RF kicker block
Isomers in LISE++
MC calculation of fragment transmission
Fragment production in material
Utilities:
Twinsol
ISOL catcher
..
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RF kicker: new block in LISE++
RF Kicker provides vertical (RIKEN,NSCL) beam
separations for different secondary beam species
due to their different time of flight values
[1]
[2]
LISE++
The RFFS was commissioned with beam in early
May 2007. Because of the
purification from the RFFS,
the large background from
the contaminants was
significantly reduced and
100Sn50+ particles
successfully detected [3].
1) RF kicker proposal, V. Andreev, D.Bazin, M. Doleans, D.Gorelov, F. Marti, X. Wu; RF-KICKER SYSTEM FOR SECONDARY BEAMS AT THE NSCL”,
D. Gorelov, V. Andreev, D. Bazin, M. Doleans, T. Grimm, F. Marti, J. Vincent, X. Wu, Proceedings of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville,
2) K.Yamada et al., Nuclear Physics A746 (2004) 156c-160c.
3) J. Stoker et al., “Commissioning Report on the NSCL RF Fragment Separator,” future presentation at the 234th ACS National Meeting,
Boston, MA, 19th –23rd, August 2007
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Isomers in LISE++
* GANIL isomer database in LISE++
* LISE internal isomer database
* g-detector efficiency
* Rate calculation of isomer g-rays
* Isomeric g-spectrum
* Identification 2D-plot in coincidence
with g-rays
LISE++
g-database
g-registration
settings
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Identification 2D-plot in coincidence with
g-rays: Monte Carlo
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Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
Like in a regular experiment: the user chooses two coordinates in the MC transmission dialog to create a 2d-spectrum
• Detector resolution is optionally taking into account for TOF, TKE and Energy Loss
• Only transmission value for angular acceptance and cutting by slits are shown
(not Q-state value, loose due to reaction in material, etc)
• Transmission value corresponds for Last block used in the calculations
(on this dialog for example the last block is “I2_wedge” block)
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Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
All LISE++ blocks were adapted for MC transmission including Gas-filled
separator, Wien–filter, and RF-kicker. All remarks will be appreciated.
RF-kicker
example
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Monte Carlo calculation of fragment transmission
D.J.M.’s idea
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Fragment production in material
production
target
reaction target #1
reaction target #2
LISE++ convolution technique well suited to
make calculations in reasonable time comparing
to MC methods (P.35)
Use this checkbox to make the
code to consider this material as
secondary target
Pink background shows
that reactions will be
calculated in this material
Up to three secondary
targets can used in LISE++
calculations
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Fragment production in material
Comparasion with experimental data
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New Utilities
 Twinsol (solenoid) utility:
ray trace and matrix solutions
(TA&MU)
 ISOL catcher utility
(FLNR, Dubna)
 Wedge-wedge optimization
(NSCL/MSU, GSI)
 Kinematics calculator:
Mott scattering
(GANIL)
 Decay channel analysis
(NSCL/MSU)
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Optimization procedures
to produce an intense and pure secondary beam
using different reaction mechanisms

Target thickness (v.2.0)

Charge states
combination (v.7.5)

Target thickness (v.7.5)
v.2 (1991)
charge states optimization +
secondary reactions

Brho scanning (v.7.5)
background rate calculation

Target – Wedge (v7.5)

RF kicker (v.7.6)
position, slits size, phase: yield vs purity
yield vs purity

Wedge – Wedge (v.7.8)
yield vs purity
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Simulation of Transmission through Separator
Graduate Student: “LISE++”
The exam was not passed!
A-F scale
 User-friendly (interface, plots, documentation)
A-
 Transmission calculations (quality, speed)
A
 Utilities, database (isotopes, gamma) development
A+
 Physics (reaction models, energy loss, charge states and etc)
B
 Optics (optimization, high orders)
F
 Adaptation to “real” life, Development
A
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Perspectives
LISE++  MOTER = LISE_***** ??
LISE++ physics:
Production mechanisms,
energy loss etc
A la “LISE” shell to
construct a spectrometer
LISE++
databases
LISE++ graphics
LISE++ ISOL catcher
MOTER:
optics and
optimization
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Morris’s Optimized Tracing of Enge’s Rays
“MOTER” ray trace code for MS Windows
(FORTRAN and C++ versions)
1. Fortran to C source transformation
2. Adaptation for MS Windows
Next Steps
3. C++ classes and source optimization
4. Substitution by functions from LISE++ library (for example energy loss, straggling)
5. Documentation, Manual
6. Shell construction
7. Graphical output of calculation results
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Summary
Recently some models have been developed
(AF, ADA) and several reaction mechanisms
(CF, AF, FF) have been implemented the
LISE++ code to calculate the transmission
and yields of fragments produced and
collected in a spectrometer.
The authors thank for the help and support
in developing LISE++ code:
Brad Sherrill (NSCL/MSU)
Fragment production in material and
Monte Carlo calculation of fragment
transmission are new features of the code.
Dave Morrissey (NSCL/MSU)
Helmut Weick (GSI)
Marek Lewitowicz (GANIL)
The LISE++ program becomes more and
more an important tool for the planning
experiments at different laboratories around
the world (MSU, RIBF, GSI, GANIL, etc).
Next step:
DOE #DE-FG03-03ER41265 grant
NSF #PHY-01-10253 grant
LISE++  MOTER
Welcome to the LISE site to see details!
Register in LISE’s sites to get information about new versions of the code
http://www.nscl.msu.edu/lise
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