All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following species need to be FSQA Certified • • • • • • • Beef Dairy Cattle Goats (Dairy & Meat) Poultry (Chicken, Turkey,
Download ReportTranscript All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following species need to be FSQA Certified • • • • • • • Beef Dairy Cattle Goats (Dairy & Meat) Poultry (Chicken, Turkey,
2015 All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following species need to be FSQA Certified • • • • • • • Beef Dairy Cattle Goats (Dairy & Meat) Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Geese, etc) Rabbits Sheep Swine Junior members, grades 4 – 6, need to come every year. Intermediates, grades 7 – 9 Seniors, grades 10 - 12 Intermediate and Senior members can attend an annual training or take the test-out option • Intermediates and Seniors may test out of attending yearly FSQA sessions. • To do so – they must take a 20 (Int.) or 30 (Sr.) question exam and receive a 70% passing score. • At one setting, they may take a different exam 3 times if necessary to pass. • Check with your county extension office for the testing dates / times and for any specific requirements for testing out. Iowa 4-H Food Safety & Quality Assurance Member Manual & Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/FSQA.htm Youth PQA Plus Website http://www.pork.org/Certification/21/youthPqaPlus.aspx Iowa Beef Quality Assurance Website http://www.iabeef.org/Content/bqa.aspx 4-H Livestock Projects Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/ Survey of Americans: • 9 out of 10 • In favor of additional food safety measures • COOL implementation • 64% believe imported foods are often or sometimes unsafe • 58% worry about bacterial contamination of the food supply Pew-commissioned poll – Hart Research and Public Opinion Who is responsible for safe food? • Producers • Handlers • Processors • Food Suppliers • Consumers Who Cares About FSQA? • 17 million pounds of meat produced by Iowa • • • • 4-H’ers each year Reputation of the 4-H program 4-H’ers need to be responsible to the consumer and the food industry. Industry requirements must be met and maintained. Many 4-H’ers are further away from traditional food animal production. • Understand and follow the seven Good Production Practices (GPP’s) • Produce safe food products for consumers Good Production Practices Healthy Animals Safe Food Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates medicated animal feeds and most animal health products Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets tolerance levels for pesticides used in food production Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) inspects all livestock at federally inspected packing plants and examines plant sanitation • A system used in Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points meat packing plants to prevent food safety problems • Regulated by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Hazards can be identified as: Microbial contamination • Bacteria, virus, protozoa Chemical Hazards • Antimicrobial and chemical tissue residues Physical Hazards • Broken needles or metal Identify the risks Identify potential hazards (risks) Identify critical control points Plan the prevention Set a critical limit Monitor the process Plan corrective action Monitor the progress Keep accurate records Review the process regularly 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Keep accurate records Veterinary relationship & drug usage Healthy production practices Proper care and handling Feed and Feed Additives Biosecurity and Animal Welfare Exhibit strong character traits (ethics) GPP 3 – Healthy Production Practices GPP 4 – Proper Care and Handling GPP 7 – Ethics • Properly story, label and account for all drugs and medications • Properly administer the medications • Educate all family members to assist with giving medications • Use drug testing when appropriate Label of a Medication Name of Drug Quantity of Contents Name of Distributor Active Ingredient Dosage Cautions and Warnings Withdrawal Time Storage Lot number Expiration date Worksheet – “Reading Medication Labels” based on the drug label of “SuperCill” Refer to “FSQA Activity Guide” starting on page 34 Properly Administer Medications Routes of administration Injection Oral Water Feed Mouth directly Topical Properly Administer Medications Routes of injection Intramuscular (IM) Subcutaneous (SQ) Intraperitoneal (IP) Intravenous (IV) Intranasal (IN) Intramammary Intramuscular (IM): means to inject into the muscle Causes damage to muscle tissue Subcutanueous (SQ): means to inject under the loose skin area Preferred because it causes least damage Select needle size by – Length of needle Bore of needle (inside diameter) Species to be injected Size of animal Intramuscular (IM) Injection Gauge Baby Pigs 18 or 20 Nursery 16 or 18 Finisher 16 Length 5/8" or 1/2" 3/4" or 5/8" 1" Breeding Stock 14, 15, or 16 (Hogs and Cattle) 1 or 1 1/2“ Calves, <300 lbs 18 Calves, 300-700 lbs 16 – 18 Calves, >700 lbs 16 1" to 1 1/2" 1" to 1 1/2" 1" to 1 1/2“ Rabbit 22 -25 ½” to ¾” Sheep and Goats 16 or 18 ¾ “ to 1” Subcutaneous Injection Gauge Nursery 16 or 18 Finisher 16 Breeding Stock 14 or 16 (Hogs and Cattle) Calves, <300 lbs 18 - 20 Calves, 300-700 lbs 16 – 18 Calves, >700 lbs 16 - 18 Sheep and Goats Rabbit 22 -25 16 – 18 Length 1/2" 3/4“ 1“ 1/2" to 3/4" 1/2" to 3/4" 1/2" to 3/4“ ½” to ¾” ½” or less Use proper size (see chart) Needles should not be defective. Can damage muscle tissue Can break off in the muscle Can cause infections Inspect needles for dirt Inspect for dullness Inspect for bending Do not straighten bent needles Properly restraining animals decreases chances of problems Dispose of needles properly Stop injections Attempt to remove the needle Temporarily identify the animal - How ? Permanently identify the animal – How ? If selling the animal to market, tell the buyer for separation from market group for special processing. Worksheet Exercise, p. 39 of FSQA Activity Guide Oral: By mouth, by feed or water Topical: Sprayed, poured or rubbed on the skin. Used with treatment for external parasites or injuries. All Are On The Same Page Educate all family members to assist You are responsible for your animals! Provide clean facilities Provide a balanced ration Provide plenty of clean fresh water daily Provide health care, including immunizations and treatments when necessary Work with a veterinarian to develop a health care plan and monitoring process Handle animals to reduce stress, and ensure safety Observe animals daily and treat if needed What if your animals are Too Cold? More bedding Heaters More animals Prevent drafts Shelter What if your animals are Too Hot? Shade Fans or ventilation Sprinkle water Remove hair or shear Animals lose heat in 4 ways… Evaporative Conductive Radiant Convective The most important nutrient that you can give to your animal Water constitutes ~ 60 -70 % of an animal’s live weight An animal can live ~ 45 – 60 days without food but only ~ 3 – 7 days without water High moisture feeds can supply some of the water requirement Aid in temperature regulation of the animal Transport nutrients, hormones, and other chemicals within the body Lubricates joints Aids in eliminating waste products of digestion and metabolism Helps regulate blood pressure Component of saliva and milk Air Temperature and Humidity Feed Ingredients Water Quality Animal’s Health Water Availability Type of Waterer Temperature of Water Reproduction and Lactation Kind and size of the animal Level of activity Amount of salt activates the thirst mechanism Provide ad lib or hand water generously Fresh and clean Water temperature in the range of 40 to 70 degrees if possible Remember - Animals can’t drink ICE ! See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 56-57 Species Determined Know the size (animal dimensions) and growth pattern of your animal The larger the animal the more square footage of space is needed See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 50-54 Permanent or Portable Structures Can be complex to simple structures (Ex: Confinement vs. Hoop building for pigs) Provide the correct environmental temperature Draft Free Welfare friendly Cattle – Beef and Dairy 40 – 60 degrees F Swine Baby pigs < 2 wks = 90 – 95 degrees F Piglets (3 – 8 wks = 75 – 85 degrees F Mature swine = 50 – 70 degrees F Sheep Lambs < 2 wks = 80 -90 degrees F Mature sheep = 40 – 65 degrees F Rabbits 40 – 60 degrees F Poultry Baby Chicks < 1 wks = 90 – 100 degrees F / reduce 5 degrees per week of age. Broilers and Laying Hens = 60 – 80 degrees F See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 60, 61 Species Determined Hand Feeding More space is needed 1 X or 2 X per day More labor Self Feeders Less space needed Feeder Adjustment to reduce feed wastage Animal Description Finishing Pigs –75/250 lb Sows – Hand Fed Chickens - Broilers Lambs 30 /110 lb Hand Fed Beef Steer 500/1200 lb Fed once per day Feeder Space Needed 4 – 5 pigs per hole 24 inches or 2 feet per sow 2 inches per bird 9 – 12 inches per lamb 22 – 26 inches per steer Natural instincts Fight Flight People and animals have comfort zones Flight zone is the animal’s “personal space” Movement into an animal’s flight zone causes it to move away from you Size of flight zone depends on how tame or wild the animal is With frequent handling, the flight zone decreases in size; meaning, you have to get closer to the animal for it to move The point where the animal begins to move away is the edge of the flight zone The Flight Zone Animal Stress is caused by… Heat and cold Health challenges Excitement or movement Animal Stress causes…. Reduced feed intake and gain Increased health problems Affects quality of meat produced What are stresses animals experience when they are PURCHASED? Movement Changes in feed Health challenges Changes in environment What are stresses animals experience when they are EXHIBITED at fair? Movement Changes in feed/water intake Strange animals Strange environment Heat What are stresses animals experience when they are MARKETED? Shipment Strange animals (fighting) Remove feed and water Stressful handling Dark Cutters Caused by a chemical reaction in the muscle brought on by stress (Dark, firm, dry) Caused by stress over longer periods of time before slaughter (Pale, soft, exudative) genetics, improper handling before slaughtering, and poor carcass chilling See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 62-65 $48 million loss per year in pork industry $94 million loss per year in beef industry Intact males of any species pose the greatest danger Exercise caution around female animals with newborns Livestock have poor depth perception when in motion. Pigs, cattle, and sheep will naturally move to a more brightly illuminated area Cattle can kick to the side and to the rear. No electric shockers. Pigs are very sensitive to electric shock and can cause them to tremble and go down Monitor Temperature and Humidity Give adequate space Use bedding in winter Avoid wind chill of animals in winter Wet sand or sawdust in summer Keep cool in summer Provide proper footing for animals Drive smoothly People are watching how you treat your animal at shows Proper handling reduces stress on your animal and you By reducing stress, you get better quality meat See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 46-49 See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 55 • Ethics is the demonstration of good character traits. (Caring, Respect, Trustworthiness, Fairness, Responsibility, Citizenship) • Knowing and doing the right thing. • Caring - showing concern for others • Respect - treating others the way you want to be treated • Trustworthiness - don’t lie, cheat, be dishonest • Fairness - play by the rules, listening • Responsibility - be accountable for your actions • Citizenship - helping others and obeying rules • Not only deals with how you treat your animal • But also how you act and present yourself Scenario/Activity #1 Steer Scenario • Your steer just isn’t walking right at the State Fair; he seems tight off his back legs • You think he could do really well in the show, so you and your Dad decide to give him some Banamine to loosen him up • You know Banamine isn’t really legal but you’ve heard others have used it and it works really good • No one will even know; there are 300 steers here and you’re just taking him home anyway if he doesn’t win Result • Your steer got 5th in his class so you’re just going to send him on the truck to the packer (Tyson) • The packer does some drug testing on the animals from the fair and finds Banamine present in an animal; YOUR animal • Tyson notifies the fair of the result and states they will no longer buy 4-H animals since they cannot let the meat enter the grocery store Now What?? • Since you have violated the Code of Ethics by giving an unauthorized drug to your animal, you have been banned from showing for 2 years, your friends can’t sell their animals, and you’ve endangered the food supply • Tyson’s export markets to Japan have been shut down due to the positive test and cattle prices fall since we now have more meat than we can sell • You may be one in a million, but a million can be affected by one Scenario/Activity #2 Rabbit Scenario • You’re exhibiting your rabbit at the county fair and you see a tremendous one that your friend brought and wins Grand Champion with • Your friend is not going to the State Fair so you ask if you can “borrow” it to exhibit since rabbits don’t have to be ID’ed or anything really • Your friend agrees reluctantly, but decides to let you show it at the State Fair • The rabbit wins Grand Champion at the State Fair as well and you’re ecstatic!! Result • You joke to another 4-H’er that this isn’t really even your rabbit, but your friend’s that you’re borrowing • Show officials hear of the incident and now will have a new rule next year that all rabbits be tattooed and maybe ear tagged by May 15th • With all the hassle now to enter the State Fair, show numbers dwindle and the rabbit show is cancelled • Think before you act, and DO THE RIGHT THING! The Maze Craze– p. 96 It’s All on Your Head- p. 98 Who Can You Trust– p. 101 Sportsmanship = Honor without Arrogance – p. 103 Ethics Discussion Situations – p. 106 Tommy’s Story – p. 112 Code of Ethics Review http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4H/Agriculture/documents/lhethicscode.pdf FSQA Activity Guide Thanks for Attending!!