Experiences of and plans for the establishment of national systems in Denmark

UNFCCC WORKSHOP ON NATIONAL SYSTEMS UNDER ARTICLE 5, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL 11-12 April 2005

Jytte Boll Illerup and Peter Borgen Sørensen National Environmental Research Institute Department of Policy Analysis

Content

•Background •Organisation of the work •Inventory preparation and activities •QA/QC •Future plans 2

Background

• National focal point for air emissions • Responsible institute for estimating GHG emissions under the Kyoto-protocol • Reporting of emission inventories to – UNFCCC, UNECE/EMEP, EU, EU-directives (LCP, NEC, EPER) • Participation in international negotiation (EU, COP) • Development of emission models and improvement of emission estimates Resources: 6 man year Participate in research projects 3

Ressources for NS

Starting point: ”We already have a NS in Denmark we just have to described it” Reality: A lot of work had to be done 4

Sources and Pollutans

• Sources – Energy • Stationary combustion plants • Transport – Industrial processes – Solvents – Agriculture – Waste • Pollutants – SO 2 , NO x , NMVOC, NH 3 , CO, HM, PM, PAH – CO 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 – HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 (Consultant) – CO 2 sinks (The Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute) • Data flow – Homepage for air emission http://www.dmu.dk

– Central Data Repository http://cdr.eionet.eu.int

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External data

Activity data Emission factors

Inventory preparations

Sub models

Activity data Emission factors

Central database Calculation of emission estimates Report for all sources and pollutants International guidelines

Emission factors

Final reports • • • •

Climate Convention Kyoto protocol UNECE/ CLRATP NEC directive

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Inventory planning

Designate a single national entity with overall responsibility for the national inventory The National Environmental Research Institute (NERI) under the Danish Ministry of Environment is responsible for the annual preparation and submission to the UNFCCC (and the EU) of the National Inventory Report and the GHG inventories.

Define and allocate specific responsibilities in the inventory development process •The inventory work in Denmark is carried out in co-operation with other Danish ministries, research institutes, organisations and companies •There is made formal agreement about delivery of data 7

External data

Energy Danish Energy Authority, The Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs: Annual energy statistics in a format suitable for the emission inventory work and fuel consumption data for the large combustion plants. The Road Directorate, The Ministry of Transport. Number of vehicles grouped in categories corresponding to the EU classification, mileage (urban, rural, highway), trip speed (urban, rural, highway).

Civil Aviation Agency of Denmark, The Ministry of Transport. City pair flight data (aircraft type and origin and destination airports) for all flights leaving major Danish airports.

Danish Railways, The Ministry of Transport. Fuel related emission factors for diesel locomotives.

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Industrial processes Danish Environmental Protection Agency, The Ministry of the Environment: Emissions of the F-gases Statistics Denmark, The Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs: Statistical yearbook, Sales Statistics for manufacturing industries.

Danish companies: Audited Green accounts and direct information gathered from producers and agency enterprises Solvents Statistics Denmark, The Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs: Statistical yearbook, Production, import and export of NMVOC 9

Agriculture Statistics Denmark, The Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs: Statistical yearbook, agricultural statistics.

Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries: Data on use of mineral fertiliser, feeding stuff consumption and nitrogen turnover in animals.

Waste Danish Environmental Protection Agency, The Ministry of the Environment: Database on waste Forestry Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Background data for Forestry and CO by forest.

2 uptake 10

Inventory activities include

 collecting activity data  selecting methods and emission factors appropriately  estimating anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks, implementing uncertainty assessment  quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) activities  carrying out procedures for the verification of the inventory data at the national level 11

Selecting methods and emission factors

Prepare estimates in accordance with the methods described in the

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

, as elaborated by the IPCC good practice guidance, and ensure that appropriate methods are used to estimate emissions from key source categories.

On basis on the Key Sources Analysis a project evaluating the improvements necessary in order to fulfil the obligations according to the IPCC guidelines was carried out.

Result: Improvements of the emission inventories especially for industry, solvents and off-shore.

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Implementing uncertainty assessment

Uncertainty

1)

CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O F-gases GHG 1.

Uncertainty [%]

2,5 20 57 48 6,8

Trend [%]

+12,5 +3,3 -25 +129 +6,5

Uncertainty in trend [%-age points]

±1,9 ±9,3 ±14 ±54 ±2,1 The uncertainty estimates includes stationary combustion plants, mobile combustion, fugitive emissions from fuels, industry, solid waste and wastewater treatment and agriculture 13

General QA/QC

Ensure critical control points: transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, accuracy (incl. correctness) and

robustness

of inventories

Quality planning (QP) Quality control (QC) Quality assurance (QA) Quality improvement (QI)

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QA/QC procedures

Quality control (QC), secure fulfilment of critical control points

Checking Point of Measuring (PM) including the following headlines:

•Provide routine and consistent checks to ensure data integrity, correctness and completeness; •Identify and address errors and omissions; •Document and archive inventory material and record all QC activities •Limit the negative consequences of any external or internal disturbance in data accessibility or inventory staff skills; •Verification by comparison of emissions, emission factors and uncertainty with other countries; 15

QA/QC procedures

Quality assurance (QA), document fulfilment of critical control points

Checking Point of Measuring (PM) including the following headlines:

•National review: Emission inventory sector reports have been prepared and are send to national experts not involved in the inventory development for review.

•International review 16

Final reporting of all sub categories

Level 6

E

 

E

Final report  

E j



j



E j

QC/QA activity Review of data

Sub category number j Reporting

Level 5

Report for category

E j

, 

E j j

Calculation of inventory figures

Level 4

E j

  Inventory model

E j

 

E i i j

 

E i j E i j

 

E i j



Sn i j

 

Sn i j

 

Ss i j

 

Ss i j



E i j

 

E i j



An i j

 

An i j As i j

 

As i j

 Review of data Review of interpretation

Handling of data directly usable for the inventory

Level 3

Number of Source units

Sn i j

, 

Sn i j

Source strength

Ss i j

, 

Ss i j

Number of Activity units

An i j

, 

An i j

Activity strength

As i j

, 

As i j

Compilation of external data

Level 2

Data Compilation Sub model predictions

Collection of external data

Level 1

: Data set External data sources : Calculation procedure (model/function) Review of data Review of interpretation Review of interpretation Review of data 17

QA/QC procedures

Example of the

PM’s

:

Level 1

Transparency

The reasoning behind any value setting of external data has to be perceptible.

PM 1.1

: One to one references for any external data source has to be available for any single number in any data set.

The data at level 1 has to be perceptible in relation to inventory work at higher levels, where questions regarding the output of the emission inventory can be assessed by tracking back to the base set.

PM 1.2

: The data Id at level 1 has to be linked directly to the Ids used in higher level data sets.

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Future plans

• Complete formal agreements with other institutes • Review of reports for a few sectors by national experts.

• Fully implementation of the QA/QC plan • Verification: Compare emission levels and emission factors with other countries • Inventory completeness: CO 2 emission from use of lime and limestone for fuel gas cleaning, sugar production and production of expanded clay 19