Transcript Chapter 8 Strengthening Comprehension Essential Strategies to Improve Comprehension • Be patient and do not rush the reading process. • Stay with a paragraph or section of.

Chapter 8
Strengthening
Comprehension
Essential Strategies to Improve
Comprehension
• Be patient and do not rush
the reading process.
• Stay with a paragraph or
section of material until you
comprehend.
• Recognize and use
different levels of
information.
• Use knowledge of writing
structures to your
advantage.
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• Learn the terminology.
• Expand your vocabulary.
• Get into the writer's head.
• Use elaborative rehearsal
and active learning
techniques as you read.
• Become excited about
what you learn.
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Increase Comprehension Through
Vocabulary Skills
• Use punctuation clues.
• Use word clues.
• Use word structure clues.
• Use context clues.
• Use glossaries and dictionaries.
• Substitute familiar words for unfamiliar words.
• Use ongoing review to learn terms and definitions.
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8-3
Punctuation Clues
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8-4
Word Clues
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8-5
Word Structure Clues
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8-6
Word Structure Clues (Cont)
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8-7
Context Clues
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8-8
Context Clues
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8-9
Increase Comprehension Paragraph by
Paragraph
1. The topic is the subject of a paragraph
• Ask yourself, “In one word or one phrase, what is the
paragraph about?”
2. The main idea tells the main point the author
intends to develop in the paragraph
3. The topic sentence expresses the main idea and
usually includes the topic
• Ask yourself “What is the topic? Which sentence has
the topic?” “What idea does the author want to make
about the topic?” “Which sentence expresses the big
picture for the paragraph?”
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8 - 10
The Main Idea
4. The topic sentence is like an umbrella. It is broad
enough to include supporting details in the
paragraph.
5. Use common sentence location in the paragraph to
analyze each sentence to decide if it is the topic
sentence.
• Most common location: the first sentence
• Next most common location: the last sentence
• Least common location: in the middle of the
paragraph
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8 - 11
The Main Idea (Cont)
6. Some paragraphs have implied main ideas or topic
sentences. The main idea is not directly stated in
one sentence. If you cannot locate a topic
sentence, formulate a sentence that expresses the
overall big picture or main point of the paragraph.
• Ask yourself, “What main point do the supporting
details suggest?”
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8 - 12
Seven Organizational Patterns
Chronological
Examples
Process
Cause/Effect
Comparison or contrast
Whole/Parts
Definition
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8 - 13
Annotating Your Textbook
Highlight the complete topic sentence with the main
idea.
Selectively highly key words or phrases that support
the topic sentence.
Circle terminology and highlight definitions.
Enumerate steps or lists of information.
Make marginal notes to emphasize important ideas
and integrate information.
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8 - 14
Make Marginal Notes
Be very selective and brief.
Selectively write the following kinds of information in
the margins:
• Numbered lists of key ideas
• Key words to define
• Short definitions
• Study questions
• Comments, reaction,
questions
• Diagrams or pictures
• Links to lecture notes
Use brackets to mark off densely-written sections to
review later.
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8 - 15
Essential Strategies to Study
Annotations
Reread, preferably out loud, the information that you
marked.
String the ideas together by inserting some of your
own words.
Recite the information without looking at the textbook.
Paraphrase.
Get feedback to check the completeness and
accuracy of your recited information.
Write summaries.
Review your annotations as a warm-up activity.
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