Application of a Strategic Environmental Assessment framework in the Palar River Basin Tamil Nadu, India Presentation at Workshop on CEA, SEA and DPL January 18, 2005 N.
Download ReportTranscript Application of a Strategic Environmental Assessment framework in the Palar River Basin Tamil Nadu, India Presentation at Workshop on CEA, SEA and DPL January 18, 2005 N.
Application of a Strategic Environmental Assessment framework in the Palar River Basin Tamil Nadu, India Presentation at Workshop on CEA, SEA and DPL January 18, 2005 N. Harshadeep Sr. Environmental Specialist South Asia Environmental and Social Development Unit (SASES) The World Bank Outline Introduction How Policies, Programs and Projects caused environmental problems and how they are helping address these problems? What helped? Opposition? Steps? Outcomes and Next Steps The Framework Merging SEA & IWRM Approaches “Do No Harm”: Minimize environmental/social risks “Do Good”: Maximize sustainable environmental/social benefits Maximize Sustainable Productivity of Water (Net Benefits of Water) Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Integrated Water Resources Planning & Management (IWRM) [Basin EA = Sectoral EA + Regional EA] Issues/Information Proactive Scoping/Screening Cumulative Impact Assessment Analysis of Alternatives Stakeholder Consultation Policy/Institutional Reforms Upstream Input into Decision Making Knowledge Base Supply, Demand, Quality Holistic Basin Framework Scenario Analysis; Modeling Stakeholder Participation Institutional Capacity Building Decision Support Systems Sustainable Basin Planning & Management Mainstreaming Environmental & Social Safeguards and Opportunities Safeguards (National, Provincial, Local, Donor) e.g. The Bank 10+1 Safeguard Policies 4.01Environmental Assessment 4.04Natural Habitats 4.09Pest Management 4.11Physical Cultural Resources 4.12Involuntary Resettlement 4.20Indigenous Peoples 4.36Forests 4.37Safety of Dams 7.50Projects on International Waterways 7.60Projects in Disputed Areas Plus…. BP17.50 Public Disclosure Environmental and Social Opportunities • • • • Livelihood improvement, poverty alleviation, equity, benefits to vulnerable groups, gender sensitivity Improving resource productivity and sustainability, sustainable agricultural practices, public health, water quality, wetland management, biodiversity land quality Knowledge base, analytical capacity Awareness, Training, Capacity-building An Example of a Typical River Basin… Agriculture Department Livestock Department Precipitation Forest Department Rural Water Supply Department Fishing Forest Reservoir Urban Water Supply Department Hydropower Irrigation Department Runoff Power River Basin Boundary Industry Urban WSS Department Industry Department Rural WSS Rainfed Agr Fisheries Department Return Flow Irrigation Recreation Groundwater Inflow Environment Department Community Use Transport Department Navigation Tourism Department Infiltration / Recharge Livestock Groundwater Department Wetlands / Environment Base Flow / Pumping Groundwater Surface Water Department Ocean Development/CZM Department Trans-boundary Water Institutions …there is a need to share information and integrate the activities of multiple actors… Irrigation Groundwater Outflow Ocean Overall Typical Environmental Issues in a Basin Context (environmental awareness, competition for water, growing demands, construction and operation-related safeguards, environmental knowledge base and decision support systems, adequacy of policies, institutions, instruments, incentives & coordination in management of the resource base and service delivery; cultural Climate & Disasters property management, appropriate indigenous knowledge use) (droughts, floods and other natural Land & Forest Management disasters, climate change) (catchment protection for soil and water conservation, soil degradation, incl. salinization, biodiversity conservation, recharge, water Fisheries-related harvesting, non-point source runoff) Industry & Power (exotic species, access to resources, disease & pollution) (access to required water, industrial effluent and sludge management, thermal Dams pollution, industrial disasters) (siltation, dam safety, Rural Water Supply & Sanitation downstream releases) (access to clean water, pollution of local water bodies, drinking water quality & testing) Irrigation (access to water, waterlogging, water quality, siltation/erosion) Urban (health benefits from access to clean water and sanitation, domestic and stormwater runoff treatment/management, sludge management, solid and hazwaste management) Tourism (waste management, seasonal demands) Navigation (dredging spoil management, spills) Agriculture & Livestock (pesticide and fertilizer pollution, livestock fodder, grazing land availability, medicinal plants, pest/pesticide management, organic cultivation, clean milk production) Environment Groundwater-Related (Overexploitation; Pollution from natural sources – e.g. of As, Fl; and from anthropogenic sources – e.g. of Nitrates, Pesticides, TDS) (water quality/pollution monitoring, instream flow requirements (incl. community use), wetlands protection, biodiversity conservation, sand Coastal Zone Management mining) (Saline water intrusion, coastal wetland management, ocean pollution, coastal hazard management, fisheries-related) Location & Characteristics of the Palar Basin Palar Basin Characteristics TAMIL NADU IRS,River IWS, Taramani, Chennai 600 113 • Basin Area: 18,300 km2 (10,910 km2 in TN) Basin Map • Rainfall: 1039 mm (SW: 458 mm; NE: 461 mm) • Potential Supply: About 1,500 MCM SW; 2,700 Palar Basin MCM GW • Current Demands: 2560 MCM (88% Irrigation) • Industries: 88 large; 22,695 small (30 MLD effluent) • River flows for 15 days in year! • Storage: 11 reservoirs, 4,900 rainfed tanks and 661 “system” tanks • About 250,000 wells (mostly dug wells) • GW: 50% blocks over-exploited; 41% critical/semicritical • Population: 5.4 million (62 million in TN) • Agricultural land: 63% indicative and may be under dispute • Farmers: 62% marginalBoundaries (<0.5areha); 18% small (0.5-1 ha) and 20% medium&large (>1ha) • About 450 Tannery units (in Vellore) with 9 CETPs First Multi-Stakeholder Basin Board in South Asia Region Bank-Financed Project context Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project (TNWRCP) Objectives Introduce water resources planning by river basins across all uses of water Improve agricultural productivity through modernization and completion of irrigaiton systems, upgraded water management and farmer participation Assure sustainability of water infrastructure and the environment Improve institutional and technical capability for managing the state’s water resources Environment-Related Activities Institutional: setting up active environmental cells, Institute for Water Studies, Basin Boards & Technical Secretariat, guidelines, EIA capacity, inter-agency coordination Monitoring: water quality, resource degradation, knowledge base creation Research & Reporting: Basin Environmental Reports, State Environmental Framework, Water Resources Research Fund, modeling Groundwater Act, Well Census, Dam safety, solar technology, eco-friendly agriculture, water-saving crops and technologies Pilots for low-cost domestic and industrial wastewater treatment Awareness-raising & outreach Strategic Environmental Assessment Many Environmental & Resource Problems in the Water Sector in TN Inefficient Water Use Weeds Solid Waste Pollution Drought Degraded Lands Impact on Biota Palar Basin Multiple Issues for Multiple Stakeholders Palar Basin Board & Secretariat Water Resources Organization Institute for Water Studies Water Pollution Agr. Dept/Agr. Engr. Dept Tank Degradation (Tanneries, Waste Dumps, Textiles, Other Industries, WUA/Farmers Domestic, Fertilizer/Pesticide) Livestock Department TWAD Board Sand Mining Water Scarcity Salt-impacted Agricultural Productivity MetroWater Inter-Basin Transfer Competing Water Uses Forest Department & Unclear Entitlements Industry Department Tanneries/CLRI Rural Water Supply Fisheries Department Catchment Degradation TNEB Environment Department Water Harvesting TN Pollution Control Board Urban Water Supply & Sewerage Loss of Ecology Comm. Coastal Zone Management Industrialists Tank/Canal/Groundwater Irrigated Agriculture Local Government Groundwater Management Academia NGOs, Politicians, etc. Work Undertaken So Far Meetings, Workshops, Discussions Consultant Inputs Knowledge Base Development Background Notes/Presentations Training/Awareness Building Vision Statement & Action Plan Mainstreaming into work supported by Tamil Nadu Water Resources Consolidation Project (TNWRCP) with WRO, IWS, State Surface and GW Data Center, River basin boards, technical secretariat, environmental cells, multi-disciplinary project preparation panel, industry groups, agriculture dept, Agr. Engr. Dept, Water User Associations, Research Institutions, Academia, etc. Flows in the Palar Basin 500.00 450.00 400.00 350.00 Flow (MCM/month) 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Month S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S17 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 Apr May Summary of Key Environmental Issues & Possible Approaches in the Palar Basin • WW Treatment • HRTS 3. Impact Related Problems (Agriculture/Health) 1. Water Pollution • IPM/IPNM • Other • Optimize Cropping Patterns and Irrigation Technologies • IPM/IPNM • Manage Pollution 2. Resource Degradation • Supply-Side (Desilt Tanks as appropriate, Improve Recharge, regulate sand mining) • Demand-Side (Use less water intensive crops & irrigation systems) • Management (Improve water regulation) Interaction of Issues Social Environmental Pollution (from industry, settlements) Sand mining Groundwater depletion Tank siltation Catchment degradation Sustainable agriculture Livelihoods Equity Access to clean water Social structure Migration Poverty Alleviation Health Sustainable Incomes Subsidies Efficiency Sustainable Growth Investment Prioritization Economic Progression of Issues in the Palar • Costs involved in repairing tanks and Macro Economic Basin Wide Issues (Costs of Remediation; Shifting, Rehabilitation of structures, etc.) Distortion on Employment and Income Generation (Loss of livelihood; Occupational shifts and migrations) Risks to Health & Ecosystems (Water borne diseases; Occupational health; Bioaccumulation of pollutants) Degradation of Environment (Water; Soil; Crops; Infrastructure) Depletion of Resources (Water; Forests; Sand) shifting water supply structures • Labour shifts from agriculture to industrial sector • Prevalence of water borne disease and other health problems • Increased pollution of ground and surface waters • Degradation of Tanks and water supply structures • Siltation in tanks and intake channels • Decrease in the yield and quality of agricultural crops • Decreased availability of water due to overexploitation of groundwater resources; Increased sand mining in the Basin Targeted Outcomes Enhance knowledge base & analytical capacity Provide a focal point for stakeholder participation Improve Awareness Move to more level playing field Elicit and discuss multiple stakeholder perspectives Develop shared vision planning of basin Improve networking, coordination Inform decisions (e.g. tasks, investment priorities) Determine priorities, “low hanging fruit” and areas of conflict Move towards resolution of problems Stakeholder Meetings Key Ingredients (e.g. Dec’03 mtg in Kancheepuram) Good Stakeholder Group Political Support Balanced Breakout Groups Facilities/ Equipment Effective Facilitation Enthusiastic Participation From Vision to Action Vision Principles Objectives Issues Strategies Problem solving process Tactics How will it be done? Tasks/Actions What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators? Hard work Behind-the-Scenes Policy/Regulations Institutions Information Instruments Resources Structured Interaction Information Resources & Preparatory Work Draft Vision Statement for the Palar Basin Board The Palar River Basin Management and Development Board (PRBMDB) seeks to improve, safeguard and monitor the water and land resources programs of its member organizations. As an apex body, the PRBMDB endeavors the primary role in sustainable water resources planning and management in an integrated manner covering the activities of all departments concerned. To promote, advice, direct and coordinate sustainable management and development of water, land and forest resources including the environmental aspects in the basin. To increase awareness, participation and commitment of people and to protect and enhance their wellbeing. To follow a participatory, transparent and objective approach and become a model for other river basins in India. Structured Process to move from Vision to Action Vision Principles Objectives Issues Strategies Problem solving process Tactics How will it be done? Tasks/Actions What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators? Policy/Regulations Institutions Information Instruments Resources Sample Group Worksheet Table Entry Objective Strategy Tactics Tasks Group on Resource Degradation Objective One: Groundwater Resource Restoration STRATEGY TACTICS Water Demand Management Artificial Recharge Mininise Sand Mining Change In Cropping Pattern TASKS Water Reuse & Recycling Withdrawal Priorities Micro Irrigation Systems RWH at Community Level Conjunctive Use Substitutes For Sand Implementation In Critical Areas Systematic Assessment Of Resources Municipal Sewage Treatment And Use Awareness Creation Apportioning Among Sources/Sectors Augmentation Through Recharge Structures Community Wells Research And Development for Substitute For Sand Sprinkler Drip Irrigation A Proposed Development Plan Types of Public Interaction Continuum of Public Response Information Disclosure Opposers Public Feedback (e.g. to newspaper ads, websites, public documents, etc.) Observers Public consultation Public participation in decision making Joint decision-making Supporters Public decision-making Next Steps Palar Basin SEA Multistakeholder Workshops Refinement, initial implementation & monitoring of Action Plans on: To Maramalainagar environmental assessment, decision support systems, investments considered, partnerships facilitated) C2 C19 D3 D14 D18 C6 D19 C5 C4 C7 D30 Palar Anaicut D21 C16 NeenjalMadu R S13 D53 Kolavoy Tank D44 D43 D31 C8 C22 D45 Kalavai Tank D24 D49 Cheyyar R S4 S12 D38 DusiMamandur Tank D22 D35 D34 D32 C9 C21 Aliabad Anaicut Shenbagathope Res. Cheyyar R C10 Upper Cheyyar Anaicut E1 99 Madurantagan Tank D39 C11 LowerCheyyar C12 Anaicut Uttaramerur Tank S16 KamandalaNagaNadi Anaicut D46 Cheyyar Odai R S9 D37 S11 D51 D48 Kanmandalar R S10 C20 D42 O1 D33 D50 D23 S2 To Ponnayar Basin C18 C17 SakkaraMallur Tank D20 D7 Vegavathi R D17 D13 D12 Poiney R RajathopeKanar R Kavundinya R D8 D6 S8 D27 D25 Kiliyar R D4 Poiney Anaicut Thenneri Odai R C1 D2 Thenneri Tank Mahendravadi D16 Tank C15 Rajathope Kanar Res. Naga R D1 S17 S7 D15 S6 O3 To Alandur-PallavaramTambaram To Rajali Naval Base S15 D10 C3 D29 D26 KamandalarNaga R Integration into FutureWater Resources Projects (social and S1 Goddar R D11 D5 Agaramar R S3 O2 Kaveripakkam Tank Mordhana Res. D9 Malattar R Sriperambudur Tank D28 S5 Mirugandanadi R Pollution Management Health and Agriculture Water Resources D52 VellakkalKanar R O4 Palar Basin Schematic D40 C14 Uttaramerur Anaicut D47 D41 C13 Thandarai Anaicut Cheyyar R S14 D36 A long way to go, but a good start… Limitations of Approach Limited awareness of environmental issues, SEA, or IWRM Multiplicity of Stakeholders Fragmentation of Institutions Lack of effective consultative frameworks Limitations of Knowledge Base/Analysis Strong political will to implement recommendations Mental move from “crisis management” to “shared vision planning and management” …but there are few other options left for many basins such as the Palar… …Summing Up Requirements for an SEA approach for IWRM Manifestation of real problems Political, bureaucratic & other stakeholder commitment to achieve consensus to move ahead; emergence of champions The 4 Is: Institutions, Information, Instruments, Incentives Work demonstrates inextricably interlinked nature of environmental, social, economic and water issues A Structured SEA process complements and supplements basin management Processes are as important as Products Shows great potential for other basins – but it is essential to develop customized approaches for each basin!