Transcript india palar basin need for sea sases wb 04 harshadeep

Application of an SEA framework in
Palar River Basin
Tamil Nadu, India
Presentation at
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Sesssion
February 26, WaterWeek ’04
N. Harshadeep
South Asia Environmental and Social Development Unit (SASES)
The World Bank
The Framework
Merging SEA & IWRM Approaches
“Do No Harm”: Minimize environmental/social risks
“Do Good”: Maximize sustainable environmental/social benefits
Maximize Sustainable Productivity of Water
(Net Benefits of Water)
Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA)
Integrated Water Resources
Planning & Management
(IWRM)
[Basin EA = Sectoral EA + Regional EA]
Issues/Information
Proactive Scoping/Screening
Cumulative Impact Assessment
Analysis of Alternatives
Stakeholder Consultation
Policy/Institutional Reforms
Upstream Input into Decision Making
Knowledge Base
Supply, Demand, Quality
Holistic Basin Framework
Scenario Analysis; Modeling
Stakeholder Participation
Institutional Capacity Building
Decision Support Systems
Sustainable Basin
Planning &
Management
Limitations of Approach
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Limited awareness of environmental issues,
SEA, or IWRM
Multiplicity of Stakeholders
Fragmentation of Institutions
Lack of effective consultative frameworks
Limitations of Knowledge Base/Analysis
Strong political will to implement
recommendations
Mental move from “crisis management” to
“shared vision planning and management”
…but there are few other options left for
many basins such as the Palar…
Location & Characteristics of the Palar Basin
Palar Basin Characteristics
TAMIL NADU
IRS,River
IWS, Taramani,
Chennai
600 113
• Basin Area: 18,300 km2 (10,910 km2 in TN)
Basin
Map
• Rainfall: 1039 mm (SW: 458 mm; NE: 461 mm)
• Potential Supply: About 1,500 MCM SW; 2,700
Palar Basin
MCM GW
• Current Demands: 2560 MCM (88% Irrigation)
• Industries: 88 large; 22,695 small (30 MLD effluent)
• River flows for 15 days in year!
• Storage: 11 reservoirs, 4,900 rainfed tanks and 661
“system” tanks
• About 250,000 wells (mostly dug wells)
• GW: 50% blocks over-exploited; 41% critical/semicritical
• Population: 5.4 million (62 million in TN)
• Agricultural land: 63%
indicative
and may
be under
dispute
• Farmers: 62% marginalBoundaries
(<0.5areha);
18%
small
(0.5-1
ha) and 20% medium&large (>1ha)
• About
450 Tannery units (in Vellore) with 9 CETPs
First Multi-Stakeholder Basin Board in South Asia Region
Overall
Typical
Environmental Issues
in a Basin Context
(environmental awareness, competition for water, growing demands,
construction and operation-related safeguards, environmental
knowledge base and decision support systems, adequacy of
policies, institutions, instruments, incentives & coordination in
management of the resource base and service delivery; cultural
Climate & Disasters
property management, appropriate indigenous knowledge use)
(droughts, floods and other natural
Land & Forest Management
disasters, climate change)
(catchment protection for soil and water
conservation, soil degradation, incl. salinization,
biodiversity conservation, recharge, water
Fisheries-related
harvesting, non-point source runoff)
Industry & Power
(exotic species, access to
resources, disease & pollution)
(access to required water, industrial
effluent and sludge management, thermal
Dams
pollution, industrial disasters)
(siltation, dam safety,
Rural Water Supply & Sanitation
downstream releases)
(access to clean water, pollution of local water
bodies, drinking water quality & testing)
Irrigation
(access to water,
waterlogging, water quality,
siltation/erosion)
Urban
(health benefits from access to clean water and
sanitation, domestic and stormwater runoff
treatment/management, sludge management, solid
and hazwaste management)
Tourism
(waste management, seasonal
demands)
Navigation
(dredging spoil management, spills)
Agriculture & Livestock
(pesticide and fertilizer pollution, livestock
fodder, grazing land availability, medicinal
plants, pest/pesticide management, organic
cultivation, clean milk production)
Environment
Groundwater-Related
(Overexploitation;
Pollution from natural sources – e.g. of
As, Fl; and from anthropogenic
sources – e.g. of Nitrates, Pesticides,
TDS)
(water quality/pollution monitoring,
instream flow requirements (incl.
community use), wetlands protection,
biodiversity conservation, sand
Coastal Zone Management
mining)
(Saline water intrusion, coastal wetland management, ocean
pollution, coastal hazard management, fisheries-related)
Palar Basin
Multiple Issues for Multiple Stakeholders
Palar Basin Board
& Secretariat
Water Resources Organization
Institute for Water Studies
Water Pollution
Agr. Dept/Agr. Engr. Dept Tank Degradation
(Tanneries, Waste Dumps, Textiles, Other Industries,
WUA/Farmers
Domestic, Fertilizer/Pesticide)
Livestock Department
TWAD Board
Sand Mining
Water Scarcity
Salt-impacted
Agricultural
Productivity
MetroWater
Inter-Basin Transfer
Competing
Water
Uses
Forest Department
& Unclear Entitlements
Industry Department
Tanneries/CLRI
Rural Water Supply
Fisheries Department
Catchment Degradation
TNEB
Environment Department
Water Harvesting
TN Pollution Control Board
Urban Water Supply & Sewerage
Loss of Ecology Comm.
Coastal Zone Management
Industrialists
Tank/Canal/Groundwater Irrigated Agriculture
Local Government
Groundwater Management
Academia
NGOs,
Politicians, etc.
Work Undertaken So Far
Meetings, Workshops,
Discussions
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Consultant Inputs
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Knowledge Base Development
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Background
Notes/Presentations
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Training/Awareness Building
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Vision Statement & Action Plan
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Mainstreaming into work
supported by Tamil Nadu Water
Resources Consolidation Project
(TNWRCP) with WRO, IWS, State
Surface and GW Data Center, River basin
boards, technical secretariat, environmental
cells, multi-disciplinary project preparation
panel, industry groups, agriculture dept, Agr.
Engr. Dept, Water User Associations,
Research Institutions, Academia, etc.
Flows in the Palar Basin
500.00
450.00
400.00
350.00
Flow (MCM/month)
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300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Month
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S17
S9
S10
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
Apr
May
Summary of Key Environmental Issues
& Possible Approaches in the Palar Basin
• WW Treatment
• HRTS
3. Impact Related Problems (Agriculture/Health)
1. Water Pollution • IPM/IPNM
• Other
• Optimize Cropping
Patterns and Irrigation
Technologies
• IPM/IPNM
• Manage Pollution
2. Resource Degradation
• Supply-Side (Desilt Tanks as
appropriate, Improve Recharge, regulate
sand mining)
• Demand-Side (Use less water intensive
crops & irrigation systems)
• Management (Improve water regulation)
Interaction of Issues
Social
Environmental
Pollution (from industry, settlements)
Sand mining
Groundwater depletion
Tank siltation
Catchment degradation
Sustainable agriculture
Livelihoods
Equity
Access to clean water
Social structure
Migration
Poverty Alleviation
Health
Sustainable Incomes
Subsidies
Efficiency
Sustainable Growth
Investment Prioritization
Economic
Progression of Issues in the Palar
• Costs involved in repairing tanks and
Macro Economic Basin Wide Issues
(Costs of Remediation; Shifting, Rehabilitation of
structures, etc.)
Distortion on Employment and Income
Generation
(Loss of livelihood; Occupational shifts
and migrations)
Risks to Health & Ecosystems (Water
borne diseases; Occupational health;
Bioaccumulation of pollutants)
Degradation of Environment
(Water; Soil; Crops; Infrastructure)
Depletion of Resources
(Water; Forests; Sand)
shifting water supply structures
• Labour shifts from agriculture to industrial
sector
• Prevalence of water borne disease
and other health problems
• Increased pollution of ground and surface waters
• Degradation of Tanks and water supply structures
• Siltation in tanks and intake channels
• Decrease in the yield and quality of agricultural crops
• Decreased availability of water due to overexploitation of
groundwater resources; Increased sand mining in the Basin
Targeted Outcomes
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Enhance knowledge base & analytical capacity
Provide a focal point for stakeholder participation
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Improve Awareness
Move to more level playing field
Elicit and discuss multiple stakeholder perspectives
Develop shared vision planning of basin
Improve networking, coordination
Inform decisions (e.g. tasks, investment priorities)
Determine priorities, “low hanging fruit” and areas of
conflict
Move towards resolution of problems
Stakeholder Meetings
Key Ingredients (e.g. Dec’03 mtg in Kancheepuram)
Good Stakeholder Group
Political Support
Balanced
Breakout Groups
Facilities/ Equipment
Effective Facilitation
Enthusiastic Participation
From Vision to Action
Vision
Principles
Objectives
Issues
Strategies
Problem solving process
Tactics
How will it be done?
Tasks/Actions
What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators?
Hard work Behind-the-Scenes
Policy/Regulations
Institutions Information
Instruments
Resources
Structured Interaction
Information Resources
& Preparatory Work
Draft Vision Statement for the
Palar Basin Board
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The Palar River Basin Management and Development Board
(PRBMDB) seeks to improve, safeguard and monitor the water
and land resources programs of its member organizations. As an
apex body, the PRBMDB endeavors the primary role in sustainable
water resources planning and management in an integrated manner
covering the activities of all departments concerned.
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To promote, advice, direct and coordinate sustainable management and
development of water, land and forest resources including the environmental
aspects in the basin.
To increase awareness, participation and commitment of people and to
protect and enhance their wellbeing.
To follow a participatory, transparent and objective approach and become a
model for other river basins in India.
Structured Process to move from Vision to Action
Vision
Principles
Objectives
Issues
Strategies
Problem solving process
Tactics
How will it be done?
Tasks/Actions
What? Alternatives? Who? When? Where? Resources? Capacity? Indicators?
Policy/Regulations
Institutions Information
Instruments
Resources
Sample Group Worksheet Table Entry
Objective  Strategy  Tactics  Tasks
Group on Resource Degradation
Objective One: Groundwater Resource Restoration
STRATEGY
TACTICS
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Water Demand
Management
Artificial Recharge
Mininise Sand Mining
Change In Cropping
Pattern
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TASKS
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Water Reuse &
Recycling
Withdrawal Priorities
Micro Irrigation
Systems
RWH at Community
Level
Conjunctive Use
Substitutes For Sand
Implementation In
Critical Areas
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Systematic Assessment Of
Resources
Municipal Sewage
Treatment And Use
Awareness Creation
Apportioning Among
Sources/Sectors
Augmentation Through
Recharge Structures
Community Wells
Research And Development
for Substitute For Sand
Sprinkler Drip Irrigation
A Proposed Development Plan
Draft Action Plan: Key Elements
Knowledge Base
Improvement/Analysis
Pilot Activities
Conduct stakeholder meetings regularly at village
level to educate about ill effects and precautions.
REVIVING “KUDIMARAMATHU” through WUA
Appraise major polluters of their responsibility with
emphasis on safe disposal
Identification of all major polluters with respect to
Propagate quality standards and legal implications of
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT AND USE
pollutional load/Apportionment of Pollution aming
non-compliance
AUGMENTATION THROUGH RECHARGE
sources/sectors
SHG INVOLVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE
STRUCTURES
Identifying the major polluted sites
and
critical
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY
WELLS
constituents to be addressed and
prioritization.
Mass media education
of public
Farmers training and demonstration
SPRINKLER
DRIP IRRIGATION
Systematic Assessment of Resources
and
Producer(surface
entrepreneurship
Consumer
link
CONTOUR
BUNDING,
TRENCHING & TERRACING,
ground water quality/qty, meteorological
tank
Awarenessdata,
creation
STRIP
CROPPING
mgmt, silitation), on agricultural
productivity,
etc.
Make
people use
Sanitary
facilities and waste mgmt
SOURCE SEGRATION/COMPOSTING
Identification of technical and non
technical
through
persuasion
bottlenecks for their non-compliance
safe
Regularfor
workshops/task
working groups for
Interventions
AFFORESTATION AND RECHARGE STRUCTURES
disposal.
appraisal/monitoring/planning
Arriving at technical and non technical
solutions
Involve Water
UsertoAssociations and NGOs
over come the bottlenecks – integrated
planning
Establish/ modernize
regional
Involvement
of Government
(e.g. Collector)
forsoil testing laboratories
Study
of
assimilating
capacity
of
Palar
river
basin.
Construction
of
water
harvesting
structures at
Awareness
Awareness/Training
Identification of technologies available
andand outside
appropriate
sites the state)
Exposureworld
visitsover
(within
selection of technology.
of sanitary
facilities
Inclusion of env.Construction
issues into school
curriculum
R&D for Sand Substitute
IDENTIFICATION
AND FORMATION OF
Dissemination of
information
on water
Disposal
of solid
wastequantity/quality
at various sections
COMMITTEES FOR PLANNING AND ACTION
local bodies
for wastewater & solid waste
Comprehensive EnvironmentalMotivate
Assessment
for Basin
Identify technology
and industrial
plant Industrial
studiesPeriodical
Pollution
Management
mgmtPilot
(Municipalities/Town
Panchayats/Village
Benchmarking
(agr, industry)
monitoring
and review of the implemented
for
Implementation
with
scope
for
sustainability
and
Panchayats)
Planning by Municipalities on Wastewater and Solid technologies and upgrading the same.
replicability
(incl. Composting/segregation/
Waste
Management
biomethanization
/remedial
Status on flora/fauna
of Basin/ RO reuse/reject mgmt
pilots; industrial ecology-ecological engr networking)
Human and financial Resources
Adaptive in-situ trials for optimal
cropping patterns Fixing time frame for various activities.
Process
(incl. salt tolerant, implements)
Periodical monitoring and review with the stake
Dissemination of information
Promotion of eco-friendly agriculture
holder’s participation and periodical training.
Website on
Palar Board
(IPM/IPNM/Organic Cultivation/Water
reducing
agr /&(database & upcoming
events)+B52
irrig. Practices
Organizing stake holders, R and D institutions
interaction and finalization of appropriate technologies
Take legal measures for non
compliance/Enforcement
Training of various stakeholders
How to go ahead institutionally?
Hazardous waste management
Composting Weed Management
Solid Waste Management Facility Pilots
Next Steps
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Palar Basin SEA Multistakeholder Workshops
Refinement, initial
implementation &
monitoring of Action
Plans on:
To Maramalainagar
(social and environmental
assessment, decision support
systems, investments considered,
partnerships facilitated)
C2
C19
D3
D14
D18
C6
D19
C5
C4
C7
D30
Palar Anaicut
D21
C16
NeenjalMadu R
S13
D53
Kolavoy
Tank
D44
D43
D31
C8
C22
D45
Kalavai Tank
D24
D49
Cheyyar R
S4
S12
D38
DusiMamandur
Tank
D22
D35
D34
D32
C9
C21
Aliabad Anaicut
Shenbagathope
Res.
Cheyyar R
C10
Upper Cheyyar
Anaicut
E1
99
Madurantagan
Tank
D39
C11
LowerCheyyar
C12
Anaicut
Uttaramerur
Tank
S16
KamandalaNagaNadi
Anaicut
D46
Cheyyar Odai R
S9
D37
S11
D51
D48
Kanmandalar R
S10
C20
D42
O1
D33
D50
D23
S2
To Ponnayar Basin
C18
C17
SakkaraMallur
Tank
D20
D7
Vegavathi R
D17
D13
D12
Poiney R
RajathopeKanar R
Kavundinya R
D8
D6
S8
D27
D25
Kiliyar R
D4
Poiney Anaicut
Thenneri Odai R
C1
D2
Thenneri
Tank
Mahendravadi
D16 Tank
C15
Rajathope
Kanar Res.
Naga R
D1
S17
S7
D15
S6
O3
To Alandur-PallavaramTambaram
To Rajali Naval Base
S15
D10
C3
D29
D26
KamandalarNaga R
Integration into
Proposed Successor TN
Water Resources Project
S1
Goddar R
D11
D5
Agaramar R
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S3
O2
Kaveripakkam
Tank
Mordhana Res.
D9
Malattar R
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Sriperambudur
Tank
D28
S5
Mirugandanadi R
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Pollution Management
Health and Agriculture
Water Resources
D52
VellakkalKanar R
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O4
Palar Basin Schematic
D40
C14
Uttaramerur
Anaicut
D47
D41
C13
Thandarai
Anaicut
Cheyyar R
S14
D36
A long way to go, but a good start…
…Summing Up
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Requirements for an SEA approach for IWRM
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Manifestation of real problems
Political, bureaucratic & other stakeholder commitment to
achieve consensus to move ahead; emergence of champions
The 4 Is: Institutions, Information, Instruments, Incentives
Work demonstrates inextricably interlinked nature
of environmental, social, economic and water
issues
A Structured SEA process complements and
supplements basin management
Processes are as important as Products
Shows great potential for other basins – but it is
essential to develop customized approaches for
each basin!