Transcript OPEN ACCESS All Use is Fair Use BioMed Central Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002

OPEN ACCESS
All Use is Fair Use
BioMed Central
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
1
To be useful,
scientific results need to be
used, read, cited, shared,
applied, extended, built-upon
For that, they must be accessible
So are they? So are they? So are
they? So are they? So are they? So
are they? So are they? So are they?
So are they? So are they? So are
they? So are they? So are they?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
2
For the ‘Harvards’?
For everybody in-between?
For the ‘Have-nots’?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
3
‘Twin Peaks’ problem
Harvards
Financial barriers
Impact
Access
Have-nots
After Les Carr, Southampton University
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
4
The literature: as it should be
Integrated
Available
After Les Carr, Southampton University
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
5
The literature: as it is for the ‘Harvards’
After Les Carr, Southampton University
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
6
And for the ‘Have-nots’
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
7
How do we get
From here
To here
For everyone
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
8
One can publish a journal by printing it and
sending it through the mail, but since the
Internet, this is not necessary anymore
Online journals can be distributed much faster
and incomparably more widely than print
journals, transforming science communication
One can ‘seamlessly’ link references in online
articles to other online articles that are freely
available in full-text: every researcher’s dream
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
9
So why should online journals be
shoe-horned into the business
models that were devised for print?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
10
To be useful,
scientific results need to be
used, read, cited, shared,
applied, extended, built-upon
Print-derived models:
Unlimited
dissemination
Optimal
use
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
11
Open Access online publishing models
will make published scientific results
optimally useful
Open Access therefore deserves the
wholehearted support from the science
community
Open Access
in print
Open Access

on Internet
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
12
What is Open Access?
1.
2.
The article is universally and freely accessible via the
Internet, in an easily readable format and
deposited immediately upon publication, without embargo,
in an agreed format - current preference is XML with a
declared DTD - in at least one widely and
internationally recognised open access repository (such as
PubMed Central).
The author(s) or copyright owner(s) irrevocably grant(s) to
any third party, in advance and in perpetuity, the right to
use, reproduce or disseminate the research article in its
entirety or in part, in any format or medium, provided
that no substantive errors are introduced in the process,
proper attribution of authorship and correct citation details
are given, and that the bibliographic details are not
changed. If the article is reproduced or disseminated in
part, this must be clearly and unequivocally indicated.
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
13
How is Open Access paid for?
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
14
Today’s (soon yesterday’s)
print-derived model:
Publisher
Manuscript
©
Author transfers copyright
or exclusive publishing rights
Result:
Free
Use
Only those who can
afford expensive
subscriptions or
licences have access
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
15
BioMed Central re-defines publishing
Selling content
Acquiring the rights
to content, facilitating
peer review, making
web-ready, hosting,
and embedding in the
literature and then
selling the content
Selling a service 
Leaving the rights
with the author, just
facilitating peer review,
making web-ready,
hosting, and
embedding in the
literature, and making
the content freely
available in Open
Access
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
16

Tomorrow’s (today’s at BioMed Central)
online-based model:
Publisher
Manuscript
$
Author pays small amount of money
or rather, institution pays on author’s behalf
Result:
Everyone has access
All use is fair use
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
17
Open Access at BioMed Central
All research articles in any of the journals published by
BioMed Central are available on line in open access as
defined earlier
Authors (their institutions) pay a small amount for
‘processing’ the article:
-organising peer-review,
-formatting and coding in XML for rendering in
web-friendly HTML,
-formatting in PDF for easy downloading and
printing,
-linking and embedding in the literature via
PubMed, CrossRef, ISI and others,
-depositing in secure archives like PubMed
Central and others,
-hosting on the BioMed Central site
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
18
General advantages of Open Access
Authors
-Vastly improved visibility; high chance of being cited; may
be posted on any web site the author chooses; may be
printed and included in course packs
Users
-No need to worry whether the library has the journal; no
need to access only via the institutional network
Libraries/Institutions
-Lower cost: $500 at input pays for it all; compare this with
the current $3000-5000 aggregate publisher turnover
per article, which the libraries collectively pay
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
19
Extra advantages at BioMed Central
Embedding in science literature
– References linked via CrossRef
– References tracked by ISI
Publicity
– Press-releases for articles suitable for wider, lay
audiences
Information
– Author has full access to download statistics
Speed
– Submission, review, and publication entirely electronic
– Publication immediately upon acceptance
– Listed without delay in PubMed and deposited without
embargo in PubMed Central and other secure archives
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
20
Cost of Open Access at BioMed Central
Article Processing Charge (APC)
– $500 per published article
Institutional Membership
– Amount depends on the size of the biomedical research
staff and students at the institution; starts at $1500
Waivers
– Automatic for authors from a member institution
– Available on request for authors unable to pay, e.g. from
developing countries
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
21
Observation re Cost of Open Access
Even if exactly the same amount of money were to be spent on
open access business models as is currently being spent on
subscriptions and access licences in the conventional model, for
the benefits of open access alone it would be worth moving to
new models.
The benefits would be greater for the Harvards than for the Havenots, to be sure, but even for the Harvards the benefits of
open access are substantial.
The fact that an open access model doesn't have to cost nearly
as much as the conventional model (for a start, all costs and
efforts to keep users out could be scrapped), is a welcome sideeffect to all but conventional publishers, but not the crux of the
matter, at least not for scientists and scholars.
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
22
Author pays? Institution pays?
Risk of vanity publishing?
Peer Review takes away that risk
All articles published in BioMed Central journals
have been strictly peer-reviewed. Peer-reviewers
do not know if the author will pay, the institution
will pay, or if the charges will be waived. Payment
is only required once the article is accepted.
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
23
The BioMed Central journals
Biology journals
A full list can be found here:
www.biomedcentral.com/browse/biology/
Medicine journals
A full list can be found here:
www.biomedcentral.com/browse/medicine/
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
24
Open Access deserves support from the
whole science community
Because to be useful, scientific
results need to be used, read, cited,
shared, applied, extended, built-upon
And for that, they need to be accessible
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
25
How can you support Open Access?
•
•
•
Authors
– Submit your articles to Open Access journals
Users
– Visit and cite Open Access journals
Librarians
–
•
•
Take up institutional membership
– Add our URL to your intranet or web pages
Funding bodies and tenure committees
– Recognise Open Access research papers and
the ‘payment-at-input’ model
All of the above
– Advocate Open Access
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
26
Supporting universities and institutions
New York Blood Center, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Cancer Research
UK, Columbia University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, George Washington
University School of Medicine, Harvard University, IMP- Research Institute of
Molecular Pathology, Imperial College, Indiana University at Bloomington and
Indianapolis, Institut Pasteur, John Innes Centre, Kyoto University, London School
of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Lund University, McMaster University, Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, National Institutes of Health, Princeton University,
Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Rockefeller University, Southwest College of
Naturopathic Medicine, Terkko-National Library of health Sciences, University
Hospital Rotterdam, University Library of Tromso, University of Alberta, University
of Amsterdam, University of Calgary, University of California, Berkeley, University
of California, Davis, University of California, Irvine, University of California, Los
Angeles, University of California, Riverside, University of California, San Diego,
University of California, San Francisco, University of California, Santa Barbara,
University of California, Santa Cruz, University of Ghent, University of New South
Wales, University of Ottawa, University of Toronto Library, University of Utah,
University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Western Ontario,
University of York, Utrecht University, Van Andel Research Institute, Washington
University in St. Louis, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,World Health Organization
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
27
Contacts @ BioMed Central
•
Home page: www.biomedcentral.com
•
Submissions: www.biomedcentral.com/info/publishing_adv.asp
–
•
Institutional Membership:
www.biomedcentral.com/info/instmembership.asp
–
•
Email Membership Director Becky Fishman: [email protected]
General Marketing: www.biomedcentral.com/libraries/
–
•
Email Editorial Director Peter Newmark: [email protected]
Email Marketing Director Natasha Robshaw: [email protected]
General Publishing: www.biomedcentral.com
–
Email Publisher Jan Velterop: [email protected]
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
28
For Research Articles,
All Use is Fair Use
www.biomedcentral.com
Jan Velterop, BioMed Central, UNICA Seminar Madrid, October 2002
29