Transcript UNICEF Global Study on Child Poverty and Disparities EAPRO Regional Workshop - Bangkok Sharmila Kurukulasuriya [[email protected]] Policy and Practice, May 2008

UNICEF Global Study on Child
Poverty and Disparities
EAPRO Regional Workshop - Bangkok
Sharmila Kurukulasuriya
[[email protected]]
Policy and Practice, May 2008
Global Study on Child Poverty and Disparities
Agenda
 Context
 Child Poverty Network
 Methodology
 Analysis
 Updates
 Looking Ahead
Context
Why focus on child poverty now?
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Insufficient attention to child poverty
Persistent disparities
Emerging risks and new development opportunities
Demand for child-focused data – new surveys
Exchange of experiences / regional – global
comparisons
 Strengthening of UN/UNICEF’s contribution to
development discourse
 Need for child-centred socioeconomic analyses
Regional income poverty
Source: WB, Global Monitoring Report 2008
Context
Introducing the Global Study…
 Launched in September 2007– initial results
expected in June/July (first statistical and policy
template received from Kyrgyzstan!)
 Child poverty from two perspectives: outcomes
and policy with a focus on children left behind
 National ownership and Independence in Analysis
 Linking people with complementary expertise and
shared interests and goals
 National, Regional and Global Analyses
[email protected]
Child Poverty Network
43 Participating Countries with a network of over 200 members:
Government Ministries - National Statistics Offices - Academia
Think tanks – NGOs - UN Agencies - UNICEF
Child poverty network
Knowledge Sharing Objectives
 Provide a forum to exchange ideas on child poverty
 Exchange comparative experiences and good
practices related to the process, analysis and
advocacy of the global study
 Link Country teams to cutting edge knowledge and
innovations from centres of excellence around the
world
 Share resources and information on training
opportunities, and other events
Methodology
Statistical and Policy Templates
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To identify linkages between economic and social policy and
child outcomes.
Statistical Template: child outcome tabulations and relevant
contextual information using data from MICS, DHS or relevant
national surveys.
Policy Template: designed to assess existing national efforts
aimed at reducing child poverty and disparities.
Focus on five areas of outcomes:
1. Income
2. Nutrition
3. Health
4. Child Protection
5. Education
Methodology
University of Bristol’s Role in the Study
1) The Bristol University produces a set of tables (20 out
of the 45 statistical tables) to support the work of
country teams using MICS/DHS data available
2) Discussion is underway with the Bristol team (and
other International Partner institutes) on involvement in
further support/collaboration
3) The Study uses – among other conceptualizations of
child poverty and disparities – the so called “Bristol
concept”
Professor David Gordon & Shailen Nandy
School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK
[email protected]
[email protected]
Methodology
The “Bristol method” conceptualises deprivations as a continuum which
ranges from no deprivation through mild, moderate and severe deprivation to
extreme deprivation.
Continuum of deprivation
Mild
Moderate
Severe
No Deprivation
Extreme Deprivation
Based on the 1995 Social Summit declaration the method defined threshold
measures of severe deprivation of basic human need for:
1.
2.
3.
4.
food
safe drinking water
sanitation facilities
health
5. shelter
6. education
7. information
Methodology
Operational Definitions of Severe Deprivation of Basic Human Needs for
Children
1)
Severe Shelter Deprivation – children in dwellings with five or more people per room
(severe overcrowding) or with no flooring material (e.g. a mud floor).
2)
Severe Water Deprivation - children who only had access to surface water (e.g. rivers)
for drinking or who lived in households where the nearest source of water was more
than 30 minutes round trip away (e.g. indicators of severe deprivation of water quality or
quantity).
3)
Severe Deprivation of Sanitation Facilities – children who had no access to a toilet of
any kind in the vicinity of their dwelling, e.g. no private or communal toilets or latrines.
4)
Severe Information Deprivation – children aged between 3 and 18 with no access to
newspapers, radio or television or computers or phones at home.
5)
Severe Food Deprivation– severely malnourished children whose heights and
weights were more than 3 Standard Deviations below the median of the
international reference population e.g. severe anthropometric failure.
6)
Severe Health Deprivation – children who had not been immunised against any
diseases or young children who had a recent illness and had not received any
medical advice or treatment.
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Severe Education Deprivation – children aged between 7 and 18 who had never
been to school and were not currently attending school (e.g. no professional
education of any kind
Regional income inequality
Source: WB, Global Monitoring Report 2008
Analysis
Country Analysis: Proposed Layout
Overview
Part One: Children & Development
1.1 Children, poverty and disparities
1.2 The political, economic and institutional context
1.3 Macroeconomic strategies and resources allocation
Part Two: Poverty and Children
2.1 Income poverty and deprivations affecting children
2.2 Child survival and equity
2.3 Causal analysis: what factors explain the levels and trends in poverty?
Part Three: The Pillars of Child Wellbeing
3.1 Nutrition
3.2 Health
3.3 Child protection
3.4 Education
3.5 Social Protection
Part Four: Addressing Child Poverty and Disparities - A Strategy for Results
4.1 What needs to be done
4.2 How it could happen
Statistical Annex
Updates
Regional Updates
 WCARO, CEE/CIS, ESARO (internal) and ROSA
have had regional workshops to discuss the global
study (MENA and TACRO workshops planned)
 New School/UNICEF Conference on Child Poverty
(NY) + meeting on global study
 Hands-on Training (planned) - tailored technical
support (useful?)
 TACRO had first technical meeting for their regional
report
 Additional Countries have joined the study – all are
welcome!
Updates
Country - Highlights
Sierra Leone
 FGDs with140 children (boys
and girls), aged 13-17 years
 Issues: participation, defining
poverty, protection, solutions
 Findings:
• poverty is getting worse
• more children working to
improve earnings
• lack of involvement in
decision making
• occurrences of sexual abuse,
corporal punishment
• children define extreme
poverty as a lack of access to
a education
Kyrgyzstan
 Quality of education: School age
children show decreasing levels
of learning achievements over
last seven years
 Number of children deprived of
parental care has increased in
the last 10 years
 Children are not explicitly
featured in the main policy
document
 Policy initiatives do not address
regional disparities
 Information on program
effectiveness is not available
(coverage, costs, etc.)
Looking Ahead
Milestones
Advocacy Strategy
Regional Analyses
Global Analyses
Sept 07-Jan 08
Country teams Feb-June 08
National- May-June 08
Plans
Regional- Data from June-July 08
Statistical- Aug-Sept 08
Global
Bristol
Policy
Workshops
Draft country
Templates analyses,
Peer review
process,
hands-on
training
Sept-Oct
Oct 08 08
2009
Final
Analysis Advocacy/
Follow-up
Looking Ahead
Translating evidence-based
analysis and partnerships into
results for children
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Generate new country level evidence
Strengthen partnerships, networks
Mobilise national interest in child poverty work
Focus on children left behind
Target key decision makers
ADVOCATE FOR POLICY CHANGE
Looking Ahead
Over the next 2 days…
 Taking time out from doing the work, to talk about the
work, with the goal of enhancing the analysis
 Learning lessons that can shape this region, other
regions and the global analyses
 Improving support from UNICEF’s regional – global
teams and international partners / facilitate networking
 Identifying opportunities for sharing and collaboration
across countries
 Setting an agenda and a strategy for the work ahead
 Building a global team – building a common
understanding
THANK YOU!
?
Help desk: email
[email protected]
Global Study Blog: web
http://www.unicefglobalstudy.blogspot.com/
Child Poverty Network: email/web/face-to-face
[email protected]
Contact–focal point HQ: Sharmila Kurukulasuriya ([email protected])