Transcript GEM and the UW Silage Breeding Project J.G. Coors D. Majee D.T. Eilert P.J. Flannery Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin with acknowledgements to: J.G.

GEM and the UW Silage
Breeding Project
J.G. Coors
D. Majee
D.T. Eilert
P.J. Flannery
Department of Agronomy
University of Wisconsin
with acknowledgements to:
J.G. Lauer
UW Department of Agronomy
R.D. Shaver
UW Department of Dairy Science
Outline
1. Silage quality – what is it?
2. UW silage breeding system
3. GEM contributions – silage germplasm
4. GEM contributions – starch degradability
5. Summary
Dry Matter
Protein
Bound
Undegradable
protein
Carbohydrate
Degradable
protein
Sugars &
starch
Cell wall
Unavailable
starch
Sugar and Starch
Bugs
Bound
with Lignin
Fiber Bugs
Digestible
energy & protein
Absorbed
Maintenance
Growth
Pregnancy
Metabolizable
energy & protein
Lactation
Milk2000
M ilk
2000
University of Wisconsin Corn Silage Evaluation System - Milk 2000
Required Input
Calculated Values
Non-Ensiled Corn Silage Variety Evaluation - Schwab/Shaver CSES
Authors:
Randy Shaver,
Dept. of Dairy Science
Joe Lauer, Dept. of Agronomy
Eric Schwab,
Dept. of Dairy Science
Jim Coors,
Patrick Hoffman, Dept. of Dairy Science
Analysis Form Input
Method
Dept. of Agromomy
Lab
Lab or
NIR
Lab or
NIR
Lab or NIR
Lab or
NIR
Lab or
Book
Value
Lab or
Book
Value
Field
Measure
Calculated Calculated
Schw ab
Shaver
Kernal
NDF
Processed
Digestibility
y = yes
DM, % of CP, % of NDF, % of 48h IV, % of Starch, % Ash, % of Fat, % of
Yield
Sam ple Id
n = no
as fed
DM
DM
NDF
of DM
DM
DM
tons/acre
Milk per
Ton
lbs/ton
Milk per
Acre
lbs/acre
Example
Example
2872.65
3080.43
20108.56
21563.02
n
y
40.0
40.0
8.0
8.0
44.0
44.0
50.0
50.0
30.0
30.0
5.0
5.0
2.5
2.5
7.0
7.0
Starch digestibility (%)
Predicted Starch Digestibility
95
Processed
90
85
80
Unprocessed
75
70
65
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
Whole plant DM (%)
Adapted from Schwab and Shaver, unpublished. Based on data of Bal et al., 2000;
Dhiman et al., 2000; Rojas-Bourrillon et al., 1987
44
46
48
GEM Contributions – Silage Germplasm
Phase I
Silage evaluation of elite GEM topcrosses (~15-25) that were
identified in prior years by other GEM cooperators as having high
grain yield and suitable maturity for Wisconsin (<120RM).
Phase 2
For those topcrosses with high forage yield and good nutritional
quality in Phase 1 trials, the respective GEM breeding population
is included in the UW inbred development nursery for further
inbreeding and selection
Phase 3
Inbred development – testcrosses at S2 to S6 generations using
two to four inbred testers
2004 UW GEM Program
Phase I
17 breeding populations or early generation GEM inbred families crossed
to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, or LH287 were evaluated for silage
potential (GEMNEW).
Phase 2
Gem inbreeding nursery included ~400 inbred families from 10 breeding
populations. Most inbred families (~170) were derived from CUBA164
background.
Phase 3
160 advanced generation inbreds from six populations were crossed to
two testers each for evaluation in 2005.
Evaluated ~50 S3+ families topcrosses to two testers (GEM198, GEM244).
27 promising S4+ families evaluated in topcrossed to two to four testers
each (GEMADV).
Forage yield for GEMNEW trial in 2004
Entries marked with “*” will be analyzed for nutritional quality
Entry
FS8B(S):S0316-1086-1-B-B X LH185
DK370A:S11 F2S4 2250-02 X LH283
CUBA164:S2012-966-1 X LH185
AR03056:N09-375-1-B-B X LH200
AR03056:N09-68-1-B-B X LH200
AR03056:N09-182-1-B-B X LH198
AR17056:N2025-508-1-B-B X LH198
FS8B(T):N11a-322-1 X LH198
FS8B(T):N11a-87-1 X LH198
FS8B(T):N11a-110-1 X LH198
FS8B(T):N11a-86-1 X LH198
DK212T:S11 F2S4 2111-01 X LH185
AR17056:N2035-421-1 X LH244
FS8B_S:S17b-104-1 X LH287
FS8B_S:S17b-060-1 X LH287
FS8B_S:S17b-008-1 X LH287
FS8B_S:S17b-013-2 X LH287
Madison
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
36.9 10.43
33.0 10.59
39.3 10.55
31.8 10.68
32.2 12.13
35.7 10.72
34.1 11.72
36.4 11.86
36.7 11.62
35.0 10.59
34.5 11.32
35.5 11.69
33.2 11.73
33.4 10.48
36.4 10.84
34.2 10.06
33.5
8.38
Arlington
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
39.8
6.57
36.8
6.69
43.4
6.76
36.2
6.98
32.3
7.18
35.5
6.55
37.1
7.97
38.7
7.55
35.1
6.86
37.6
7.22
36.9
7.60
39.7
7.35
36.0
8.75
37.7
6.55
39.8
6.98
36.8
6.68
41.2
6.76
Mean
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
38.4
8.50
34.9
8.64
41.4
8.66
34.0
8.83
32.3
9.66
35.6
8.64
35.6
9.85
37.6
9.71
35.9
9.24
36.3
8.91
35.7
9.46
37.6
9.52
34.6 10.24
35.6
8.52
38.1
8.91
35.5
8.37
37.4
7.57
Quality
evaluation
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
PSS1 X WQSC2
PSS2 X WQSC2
LH198 X WQSC2
HC33 X WQSC2
43.5
38.1
39.5
37.6
9.58
10.51
10.39
9.24
46.8
38.7
36.9
37.7
6.98
7.49
7.16
6.78
45.2
38.4
38.2
37.7
8.28
9.00
8.78
8.01
*
*
*
*
X0626
W7563
37.3
35.7
12.12
12.17
44.1
40.4
7.98
8.46
40.7
38.1
10.05
10.32
*
*
LH244 X LH287
LH198 X LH279
HC33 X LH287
LH227 X LH279
N48V8 lfy
P34B23
36.0
38.3
36.3
47.6
38.9
41.9
11.08
10.33
11.59
11.16
11.93
12.83
38.6
39.9
42.4
46.9
43.3
42.4
7.96
8.27
7.91
8.30
7.07
8.42
37.3
39.1
39.4
47.3
41.1
42.2
9.52
9.30
9.75
9.73
9.50
10.63
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mean
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)
36.6
4.2
2.5
10.98
7.0
1.25
39.3
4.5
2.9
7.37
6.8
0.82
38.0
4.5
3.5
9.17
6.2
1.16
Mean of all GEM topcrosses
Mean of 19 entries for quality evaluation
Mean of checks (6)
34.8
37.5
39.8
10.91
11.32
11.49
37.7
39.7
42.3
7.12
7.69
7.99
36.2
38.6
41.0
9.01
9.50
9.74
2004 UW GEM Program
Phase I
17 breeding populations or early generation GEM inbred families crossed
to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, or LH287 were evaluated for silage
potential (GEMNEW).
Phase 2
Gem inbreeding nursery included ~400 inbred families from 10 breeding
populations. Most inbred families (~170) were derived from CUBA164
background.
Phase 3
160 advanced generation inbreds from six populations were crossed to
two testers each for evaluation in 2005.
Evaluated ~50 S3+ families topcrosses to two testers (GEM198, GEM244).
27 promising S4+ families evaluated in topcrossed to two to four testers
each (GEMADV).
2004 UW GEM Program
Phase I
17 breeding populations or early generation GEM inbred families crossed
to LH185, LH198, LH200, LH244, or LH287 were evaluated for silage
potential (GEMNEW).
Phase 2
Gem inbreeding nursery included ~400 inbred families from 10 breeding
populations. Most inbred families (~170) were derived from CUBA164
background.
Phase 3
160 advanced generation inbreds from six populations were crossed to
two testers each for evaluation in 2005.
Evaluated ~50 S3+ families topcrosses to two testers (GEM198, GEM244).
27 promising S4+ families evaluated in topcrosses to two or four testers
each (GEMADV).
Forage yield for GEM198 and
GEM244 trials in 2004
Inbred family
CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-2
CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-8
CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-10
CHO5015:N15-8-1-B-B-22
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-1
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-2
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-3
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-4
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-6
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-7
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-8
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-9
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-10
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-11
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-12
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-14
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-15
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-16
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-17
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-18
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-19
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-20
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-21
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-22
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-23
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-24
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-25
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-26
DKXL370:N11a20-97-1-27
LH198
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
33.7
8.76
34.7
9.02
34.1
9.37
35.2
9.40
32.9
9.43
34.5
8.82
33.9
10.28
35.0
10.24
32.7
9.95
33.4
9.82
34.0
10.50
33.9
9.38
34.8
9.15
34.2
9.46
34.7
9.71
34.1
9.64
33.7
9.85
35.0
10.03
34.7
9.45
34.6
9.14
35.8
8.99
32.6
9.08
33.0
9.96
34.4
10.09
34.9
9.27
34.1
9.98
35.0
9.89
33.6
9.55
35.4
9.40
LH244
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
34.1
10.20
33.8
9.42
33.7
8.65
35.9
9.56
32.9
9.91
33.4
9.86
32.3
9.92
35.0
10.62
33.0
10.36
32.2
9.07
33.8
9.96
32.7
9.63
32.4
9.38
35.1
10.37
34.2
10.49
32.6
9.73
34.0
10.49
33.3
9.73
33.1
9.59
35.0
9.45
35.4
10.10
32.2
9.42
33.2
9.85
34.1
9.77
34.3
9.87
31.6
8.94
33.3
10.26
33.2
9.49
33.0
9.26
Mean
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
33.9
9.48
34.2
9.22
33.9
9.01
35.5
9.48
32.9
9.67
34.0
9.34
33.1
10.10
35.0
10.43
32.8
10.15
32.8
9.44
33.9
10.23
33.3
9.50
33.6
9.27
34.6
9.91
34.5
10.10
33.3
9.68
33.8
10.17
34.1
9.88
33.9
9.52
34.8
9.29
35.6
9.55
32.4
9.25
33.1
9.91
34.2
9.93
34.6
9.57
32.8
9.46
34.2
10.07
33.4
9.52
34.2
9.33
F697 (bm3)
N48V8 (leafy)
P34B23
LH198 X LH185
32.6
40.3
39.8
38.9
7.92
9.98
9.33
9.07
32.7
39.4
39.3
36.7
7.67
9.96
9.38
9.36
32.7
39.8
39.5
37.8
7.79
9.97
9.35
9.21
Mean
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)
34.4
3.4
2.4
9.00
8.4
1.52
34.1
3.6
2.4
9.44
7.8
1.49
34.2
9.22
Mean of all GEM topcrosses (47)
Mean of 28 GEM entries for quality evaluation
Mean of checks (4)
34.1
34.2
37.9
9.00
9.58
9.07
33.8
33.5
37.0
9.46
9.81
9.09
34.0
33.9
37.5
9.23
9.69
9.08
Forage yield for GEMADV trial in 2004
Entry
Pedigree
65008-2-3-1-1 X HC33
65008-2-3-1-1 X LH198
65008-2-3-1-1 X LH227
65008-2-3-1-1 X LH244
65008-2-3-1-2 X HC33
65008-2-3-1-2 X LH198
65008-2-3-1-2 X LH227
65008-2-3-1-2 X LH244
65008-2-3-1-3 X HC33
65008-2-3-1-3 X LH198
65008-2-3-1-3 X LH227
65008-2-3-1-3 X LH244
65008-2-3-1-4 X LH198
65008-2-3-1-4 X LH244
65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH198
65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH244
65008-2-3-2-2-1-B X LH198
65008-2-3-2-2-1-B X LH244
67003-2-2-2-1-1-B X LH198
67003-2-2-2-1-1-B X LH244
67034-1-1-2-3 X LH198
67034-1-1-3 X LH198
67034-1-1-3 X LH244
67034-1-1-4 X LH198
67034-1-1-4 X LH244
67034-1-1-5 X LH198
67034-1-1-5 X LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-7-1-1 X LH198
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-7-1-1 X LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-9-1-1-B X LH198
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-9-1-1-B X LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-14-1-1-B X LH198
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-14-1-1-B X LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-1 X LH198
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-1 X LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-2 X LH198
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-2 X LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-3 X LH198
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-3 X LH244
ARZM17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
ARZM 17026:N1019
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
URZM 13085:N0204
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B
F697 (bm3)
N48V8 (leafy)
P34B23
LH198 X LH185
CHECK
CHECK
CHECK
CHECK
Madison
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
31.4 11.04
31.8 11.32
38.2 11.52
33.6 11.37
34.3 11.12
34.7 12.56
43.7 11.93
32.9 11.15
35.2 11.11
35.1 12.22
39.2 11.28
35.8 11.76
36.0 11.80
35.8 10.96
34.2 10.99
34.2 12.40
33.5 11.30
34.6 12.32
33.1 11.56
33.7 10.99
36.2 11.25
34.9 10.66
37.0 11.19
34.4 10.62
37.1 12.30
35.7 11.03
34.8 12.34
32.6 10.09
31.9 11.20
30.6 11.13
32.7 11.35
36.9 12.35
42.8 10.05
34.8 11.32
36.8 11.93
35.8 11.51
37.3 11.98
36.1 10.19
38.1 11.02
Arlington
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
44.2
6.63
38.1
7.77
42.9
8.25
42.6
7.81
41.2
6.73
45.4
6.97
45.4
7.88
42.1
7.36
43.4
6.71
42.1
7.35
47.6
7.59
39.4
7.57
41.5
7.16
42.2
8.06
39.6
7.23
45.3
7.83
46.6
6.55
43.4
7.69
42.7
6.86
43.2
7.64
46.4
6.55
43.0
6.95
45.3
6.56
41.4
6.72
40.7
7.35
42.6
7.47
40.9
6.65
39.8
7.26
35.2
7.25
31.2
6.72
35.6
7.07
44.1
7.43
44.6
7.14
41.6
7.42
43.9
7.77
42.0
7.53
41.9
7.80
40.8
7.59
42.4
7.77
Mean
Dry
matter Yield
%
t/a
39.7
8.87
35.0
9.55
40.6
9.89
38.1
9.59
36.3
8.89
40.1
9.77
44.6
9.91
37.5
9.26
38.9
8.92
38.6
9.79
43.4
9.44
37.6
9.67
38.8
9.48
39.0
9.51
36.9
9.11
39.8 10.12
40.1
8.93
39.0 10.01
37.9
9.21
38.5
9.32
41.3
8.90
39.0
8.81
41.2
8.88
37.9
8.67
38.9
9.83
39.2
9.25
37.9
9.50
36.2
8.68
33.6
9.23
30.9
8.93
34.2
9.21
40.5
9.89
43.7
8.60
38.2
9.37
40.4
9.85
38.9
9.52
39.6
9.89
38.5
8.89
40.3
9.40
34.6
37.7
38.8
39.1
9.21
11.43
10.77
10.77
40.7
49.1
46.7
43.8
5.44
6.28
7.73
6.73
37.7
43.4
42.8
41.5
7.33
8.86
9.25
8.75
Mean
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)
35.1
5.2
3.0
11.07
8.2
1.46
42.2
6.2
4.2
6.97
11.5
1.30
38.7
4.8
3.7
9.02
6.8
1.22
Mean of all GEM topcrosses (60)
Mean of 39 GEM entries for quality evaluation
Mean of checks (4)
34.9
35.3
37.5
11.11
11.39
10.55
42.0
42.1
45.1
7.00
7.30
6.54
38.5
38.7
41.3
9.05
9.34
8.55
2004 WISCONSIN CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIALS
Southern Zone - Late Maturity Silage Trial, Arlington & Lancaster, WI
Brand
Hybrid
Pioneer
NK Brand
Croplan Genetics
NK Brand
Garst
Dekalb
Garst
Pioneer
Golden Harvest
Dairyland
Pioneer
Univ Wisconsin
Pioneer
Nk Brand
Pioneer
Mycogen
Golden Harvest
Mycogen
Mean (42 hybrids)
LSD(0.10)
34H32
N48-V8 (leafy)
693Bt
N65-Y3
8535YG1
DKC5878(YGCB)
8530Bt
34N42
H9006Bt
Stealth 1507Bt
34M93
EX01
33R78
N75-K6
32R43
F697 (bm3)
H9166
F2F797 (bm3)
Yield
t/ac
9.7
11.0 *
11.2 *
9.9
9.2
9.2
10.2
10.2
10.1
9.7
10.2
10.8 *
10.3
9.7
10.3
8.2
9.8
8.7
9.9
0.8
Milk per
Ton
Acre
lbs
lbs
3550
34500
3420
37700
3410
38300
3510
34600
3400
31300
3590
33000
3470
35400
3580
36500
3500
35300
3520
34300
3580
36400
3540
38300
3440
35400
3450
33500
3500
35900
3780 * 30900
3380
33300
3690 * 31900
3470
34300
100
3600
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Moist CP NDF IVD NDFD Starch
%
%
%
%
%
%
60.4 7.3
45
83
62
35
62.9 7.1
49
81
60
30
64.8 7.1
46
81
58
32
65.0 7.0
46
82
60
33
65.1 6.8
47
80
58
33
65.2 7.5
46
83
62
34
65.9 7.1
46
81
59
34
65.9 7.5
47
82
62
33
66.6 6.9
46
81
60
35
66.6 7.5
48
81
61
32
66.8 7.6
47
82
62
33
68.5 7.3
48
82
62
30
70.2 7.8
50
81
61
29
70.4 7.2
51
80
62
26
70.6 7.5
48
81
61
28
71.1 8.2
50
84
68
28
71.8 7.5
50
80
59
28
72.9 7.7
54
83
69
20
67.5 7.4
48
81
60
31
2.3 0.4
3
1
1
3
* Hybrids that were statistically equivalent to the highest hybrid in the trial.
UW EX01 = AR17026:N1019-65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH244
WQS/GQS

Season 1 (winter)
S1 families (~500)
Evaluate & 
Season 2 (summer)
Season 3 (winter)
S2 families (~150)
Testcross

(1 tester)
S2 testcrosses (~150)
Season 4 (summer)
Season 5 (winter)
Evaluate &
select
S2 families (20 selects)
Recombine
Testcross
(2-3 testers)
S4 testcrosses (~75-100)
Season 6 (summer)
Evaluate &
select
S4 selected families
S3 families (~150)

S4 families
(~20-40 selects)

S5 families

S6 lines
Season 7 (winter)
Testcross
(2-3 testers)
Sample hybrids for
distribution
Increase
Inbred release
Components of GEM Quality Synthetic (GQS)
2003 trial, LH279 topcrosses
Dry
Entry
Root
matter
Yield
%
t/a
lodging NDF
0-9
%
IVD
%
IVNDFD Protein Starch Milk/ton Milk/acre
%
%
lbs
%
lbs
CUBA164:S1517-01005-1
46.3
8.26
3
54
81
64
7.7
27
3460
28655
CUBA164:S1517-01014-1
46.9
7.78
1
52
82
64
8.1
30
3537
27564
CUBA164:S1517-01033-1
46.5
8.22
0
51
82
65
7.9
31
3561
29232
CUBA164:S1517-01048-1
45.8
8.70
1
52
81
63
8.0
29
3481
30314
CUBA164:S1517-01055-1
49.3
8.38
1
51
82
64
7.7
32
3552
29757
CUBA164:S1517-01072-1
48.5
8.17
2
51
81
63
7.7
30
3495
28541
CUBA164:S1517-01083-1
46.8
7.81
1
51
81
63
7.8
29
3490
27291
CUBA164:S1517-01085-1
47.2
8.00
2
52
81
64
8.0
29
3501
28012
CUBA164:S1517-01096-2
47.6
7.93
3
50
82
64
8.0
30
3544
28091
CUBA164:S1517-01117-1
45.1
8.09
1
52
81
63
8.2
27
3455
27933
CUBA164:S1517-01122-1
47.6
8.52
3
52
82
65
8.1
29
3571
30422
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-4
48.6
8.09
1
53
81
65
7.4
29
3500
28282
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-8
47.5
8.15
2
52
81
63
7.4
30
3486
28505
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-13
45.2
7.79
1
54
81
64
7.9
25
3484
27186
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-25
44.3
8.20
1
52
82
65
7.5
29
3566
29355
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-33
47.6
8.31
0
53
81
64
7.7
29
3475
28917
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-37
46.4
8.90
1
54
81
64
7.4
28
3473
30862
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-43
46.4
8.09
2
54
81
64
7.7
27
3461
28069
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-45
43.5
7.91
2
54
81
65
7.6
27
3485
27662
CUBA117:S1520-156-1-B-47
45.3
8.46
1
52
81
63
7.6
27
3466
29322
F697 (bm3)
39.3
7.33
5
55
84
71
8.5
24
3763
27578
N48V8 (leafy)
49.3
8.02
2
55
81
65
7.7
26
3481
28112
N64-J9
44.1
8.76
1
52
82
65
7.6
29
3576
31329
34B23
50.9
9.07
2
53
82
66
8.1
27
3552
32260
34M95
54.2
7.89
2
52
81.9
65
7.3
31
3561
28266
Mean
46.3
8.04
2
54
80.1
63
7.9
27
3414
2749
5
12
69
7
2
3
6
11
4
13
3.5
1.35
2
4
2.3
2
0.5
5
184
5398
Mean - All CUBA164 topcrosses (67)
46.6
8.02
2
54
79.9
63
7.9
27
3396
27262
Mean - All CUBA117 topcrosses (28)
45.5
8.07
2
54
80.2
64
7.7
27
3429
27751
Mean of 20 selects
46.6
8.19
1
52
81.2
64
7.8
29
3502
28698
Mean of checks
47.6
8.21
3
53
82.1
66
7.9
28
3586
29509
CV (%)
LSD (0.05)
GEM Contributions – Starch Degradability
Starch digestibility (%)
Predicted Starch Digestibility
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
Whole plant DM (%)
44
46
48
Rumen Degradability of Starch
Oh43 su2
80
Oh43 o2
Oh43 fl2
Rumen degradability (%)
76
Oh43
72
68
64
60
56
52
48
44
½ milk line (ML)
5d post ½ ML
10d post ½ ML
Harvest stage
Black layer
Starch Degradability
CHO5015:N12-387-1-B
Oh43 o2
[Correa et al., 2002]
Starch Degradability Studies
Objectives
1) Determine whether there is genetic variation for starch
degradability
2) Determine the extent to which kernel vitreousness is related
to starch degradability
Starch Study
Entries: 32 inbred lines and 1 population (2002)
19 hybrids (2003)
Harvest dates: ½ milkline (ML, ~35% DM)
Black layer (~15 d post ½ ML)
Experiment design (field): RCB with 3 replicates
Madison - 2002, 2003
1 self-pollinated row – 3.04 x 0.76 m
10 plants per row
Procedure – Two-Stage Starch Digestion
(Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.)
STAGE 1 - in-situ ruminal incubation
Two steers with ruminal cannula – 2 wk adaptation to 70% (DMB) corn silage diet
In-situ procedure:
Corn kernels ground with Wiley Mill (6mm screen)
1.5g ground material placed in 5 x 5 cm dacron bag
Eight replicate bags incubated for each sample
Placed in rumen for 0 and 14 h,
Removed, rinsed and dried at 62oC for 24 h
STAGE 2 - post-ruminal in-vitro incubation
14-h ruminal residue subjected to 8 h incubation
intestinal enzymatic cocktail (pepsin + pancreatic enzymes)
Removed, rinsed and dried at 62oC for 24 h
Final Action
Eight replicates for DM disappearance
Eight replicated bags composited for a single starch analysis
Black layer stage
Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr)
Total tract degradability
B73 X MO17Ht
W64A X OH43
W64A X OH43 ae1/ae1
W64A X OH43 su2/su2
W64A X OH43 fl2/fl2
W64A X OH43 o2/o2
NC416 X B73
NC414 X B73
NC412 X B73
NC410 X B73
UR13085:N0215-3-1-B-B X B73
FS8B(T):N1802-35-1-B-B X B73
DREP150:N2011d-13-1-B-B X B73
CUBA164:S2008a-3-1-B-B X MO17Ht
CUBA164:S15-184-1-B-B X MO17Ht
CUBA164:S2008A-23-1-B-B X MO17Ht
CHO5015:N15-143-1-B-B X B73
AR16035:S02-447-1-B X MO17Ht
AR16035:S02-447-1-B X NC410
½ milk-line stage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Starch degradability (%)
70
80
90
100
Black layer stage
Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr)
Total tract degradability
100
Starch degradability (%)
90
80
y = -0.10x + 84.19
R2 = 0.53
70
60
50
y = -0.21x + 58.28
R2 = 0.68
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
% Vitreousness
80
100
Black layer stage
Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr)
Total tract degradability
100
Starch degradability (%)
90
W64A X Oh43 su2
80
70
W64A X Oh43 o2
60
50
40
W64A X Oh43 fl2
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
% Vitreousness
80
100
Black layer stage – hybrids
Ruminal in situ degradability (14hr)
Total tract degradability
100
Starch degradability (%)
90
y = -0.11x + 82.95
R2 = 0.28
80
70
60
50
y = -0.14x + 50.14
R2 = 0.47
40
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
Vitreousness (%)
80
100
Black Layer Stage - Inbreds
Rumen in situ degradability (14h)
Total tract degradability
100
90
Degradability (%)
80
y = -0.19x + 86.58
R2 = 0.41
70
60
50
40
y = -0.23x + 47.84
R2 = 0.58
30
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
Vitreousness (%)
80
100
Summary
GEM has contributed greatly to the UW silage breeding program by
providing:
1) Superior and unique germplasm
2) Better understanding of nutritional properties of silage
http://silagebreeding.agronomy.wisc.edu