Introduction to MIS Chapter 13 Organizing the MIS Resources Jerry Post Technology Toolbox: e-Mail Rules Technology Toolbox: Managing Projects Cases: Energy.
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Introduction to MIS
Chapter 13 Organizing the MIS Resources Jerry Post
Technology Toolbox: e-Mail Rules
Technology Toolbox: Managing Projects
Outline
How is an MIS department managed?
Is the MIS department doing a good job?
What roles and tasks does the MIS department perform?
What MIS jobs are available, and how much will it cost to hire IT employees?
Do you really need to run all of the MIS operations yourself?
Who should control IT resources?
How can Internet technologies be used internally to centralize data but still support decentralized user access?
Why is the MIS department involved in so many conflicts? How do you solve them?
Organizing IS Resources
MIS Roles
Software development Advocacy Database administration Hardware administration and operations Hardware administration Software support Network management Software development End user support E-business/Internet DB administration Advocacy Security Network management Internet and e-business Security Software training and support Support end user development
Some MIS Roles
Network and Telecommunications Hardware Repair Training and User Support
Managing IS
Managing Workers ◦ Hiring, Evaluating, Training ◦ ◦ Are IT certifications useful?
No good answer. Are employers looking for narrowly defined list of skills, or intelligent, adaptable workers?
Planning and Integration ◦ A start of the discussion on centralization v. decentralization.
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ MIS needs to fit within the organizational structure.
Evaluation, Oversight, and Control ◦ User satisfaction evaluation of IT.
Chargeback (transfer pricing).
Difficult to set correct prices.
Gives some control (yes/no) to users.
IT oversight committees
Note: High variance
Salaries 2011
IS Management
CIO/VP IS/CTO $191,000
Includes bonus
Systems Development
Director Project manager System analyst Senior developer Programmer/analyst Junior programmer $175,000 102,300 79,200 92,300 77,000 56,800
Networks
Manager Administrator Network engineer Junior analyst $90,500 64,100 77,300 44,000 Manager Architect DBA Analyst
Database
$110,800 117,000 89,300 75,800
User Support Internet
Director/strategy Manager $156,400 88,500 Application developer 66,000 EC specialist EDI specialist 72,700 68,000
Security
Chief Security Manager Specialist $162,000 99,000 89,000 IS audit manager 109,000 IS audit staff 70,400 http://www.careerjournal.com/ Manager Technical trainer Help desk operator PC technical support
Operations
Director Manager Systems Admin http://www.computerworld.com
Lead operator Computer operator http://wsj.salary.com
Computerworld 2011 Salary Survey $75,300 64,600 56,200 51,600 $104,600 80,000 70,300 53,800 37,400
Skills in Demand
Year/Rank 2010 2007 2004 2001 1998 1 2 3 4 5 Java/J2EE Business Analyst Application Development ERP ERP Security Windows Administrator Project Management Object Engineering Groupware Software Developer Program Manager Database Management Data Warehouse and Visualization Database SAP Database Management Offshore Project Manager Vendor Manager Networking Security Groupware Wireless Networking COBOL 2010: http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/022511-it-graduates.html
2007: http://www.cio.com/article/101314
International Salaries 2010/2011
Nation United States Britain Russia China Israel India/Bangalore Programmer/Analyst Salary (USD/year) 52,100-90,000 45,000-80,000 19,000-34,000 14,000-25,000 35,000-67,000 6,000-12,000-30,000?
Summary: http://www.payscale.com/research/RU/Job = Software_Engineer_%2F_Developer_%2F_Programmer/Salary http://www.salarymap.com/salary-survey comparison/india-salary-list.cfm
Remember: Productivity also varies enormously
Outsourcing
Company IBM Global Services EDS/HP Services Accenture CSC ADP Affiliated/Xerox Serv.
Fiserv Perot/Dell Services Tata/TCS Wipro InfoSys Cognizant Satyam HCL Tech.
Total (billion dollars) 1991 0.4
1.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.4
1995 17.7
12.4
4.2
4.2
3.0
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.3
1997 24.6
15.2
6.3
6.6
4.9
1.2
1.0
0.8
43.2
0.1
60.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
88.9
Source: Annual Reports 2000 37.0
19.2
9.8
10.5
7.0
2.1
1.7
1.1
2003 42.6
19.8
11.8
11.1
7.1
3.8
2.7
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.4
105.4
2006 48.2
21.3
18.2
14.6
6.9
5.3
4.5
2.3
4.2
2.4
3.2
1.4
1.1
1.0
134.6
2010 56.4
40.8
23.1
16.1
8.9
9.5
4.1
3.5
6.8
6.1
4.8
4.6
1.2
2.7
188.5
Outsourcing Total
Revenue
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Outsourcing Evaluation
Specialized talent High fixed costs Level of technology Security and control Strategic use of IT Company size/resources Outsource Small companies get access to specialists and shared resources. You can purchase the level of technology you need and expand as you grow.
In-House Standard workers, hardware, and software are readily available at fixed fees.
Providers can afford specialists and provide solid basic security.
Data that requires absolute secrecy needs to be kept in house.
Providers can handle standard technology.
If you need expensive workers or technology, you can save the mark-up profits and keep control over selection.
Unique applications and new ideas come from in-house.
Large companies can afford IT staff and specialists, but might choose to convert fixed costs to monthly costs.
Outsourcing and Contracting Problems
A November 2002 study by DiamondCluster: 78% of IT executives who outsourced an IT function had to terminate the contract early ( http://www.cio.com/archive/030103/home.html
) How do you control service levels?
How do you control costs?
What happens when you change strategies?
Define exactly what you want—do not assume workers understand your business.
Monitor progress and set deadlines.
Do not expect creativity or insight into your business.
MIS Organization Timeline
Outsource/purchase Software, Development, Consulting Network management Servers + Software Central Server 1950 1960 Servers 1970 Mid-range 1980 PCs 1990 2000 2010 Networks Web/Clients
Summary of MIS Organization
Hardware Software Data Personnel Centralization Share data Control purchases Control usage Less duplication Efficient use of resources Compatibility Bulk buying discounts Easier training Ease of maintenance Easy backup Easier to share Less duplication Security control & monitoring Similar worker backgrounds Easier training Straightforward career path Specialized staff Easier to see & control costs Decentralization Less chance of breakdown Users get personalized machines Different user preferences Easier access Customization Not all data needs to be shared Control & politics Faster response to users More time with users Better understanding & communication Different career path
Complete Centralization
Hardware Data and software MIS personnel User departments
Hardware Centralization Advantages
Easier to share ◦ Data ◦ Expensive hardware (printers) Easier to control ◦ ◦ Purchases Usage Less duplication Efficiency — less unused resources
Software Centralization Advantages
Compatibility Bulk buying discounts Easier training Ease of maintenance & upgrades
Data Centralization Advantages
Easy backup Easier to Share Less duplication Security control\monitoring
Personnel Centralization Advantages
Workers with similar backgrounds Easier training Straightforward growth path Specialized staff Easier to see/control costs
Growth of PCs
Worldwide Computer Sales
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Server Midrange Personal
Mobile Computing
Percent Laptop Shipments
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 By value, more money is spent on laptops in 2006.
By 2009, by count more laptops were shipped.
Throw in Web-based cell phones and tablets… 2010
Complete Decentralization
Human Resources Management MIS personnel are members of user departments Marketing Finance Accounting
Hardware Decentralization Advantages
Less chance of total breakdown Users get personalized equipment Micros are cheaper than mainframes ◦ Now, servers are built from the same technologies as PCs ◦ Not until Facebook in 2011 did vendors begin standardizing server hardware to help reduce costs.
Software Decentralization Advantages
Different users have different preferences Easier access Customization without affecting others Can overcome objections ◦ Lower prices minimize benefits of bulk purchases.
◦ Similarities of packages make training easier.
◦ Conversion tools enable sharing.
Data Decentralization Advantages
Not all data needs to be shared Easier find and access Control & politics
Personnel Decentralization Advantages
◦ ◦ Closer to users ◦ Faster response More time spent with users Better understanding/communication Different career path
Thin Clients
Server Data and applications Thin client Browser-based access User interface
Intranet and Cloud Network Solutions
High-bandwidth connections between servers.
Standard Internet connections to users.
Decentralization Summary
Organizational Strengths Weaknesses Are operations interdependent?
-planning -development -physical resources -operations Can subunits relate solely through information & messages?
Does corporate culture support decentralization?
End users gain control.
Possible short term bias in decision making.
Supports workgroups.
Enables new organizational structures.
Might not be optimal use of resources for corporation.
Increased organizational flexibility.
IS staff might lose cohesiveness and support.
Technology Toolbox: Defining E-Mail Rules Create folders.
Tools/Rules and Alerts New Rule, options Move to folder
Quick Quiz: Defining E-Mail Rules
1.
2.
How is the e-mail system similar to an expert system? How is it different?
What is likely to be the most difficult part of creating a system for handling your messages?
Technology Toolbox: Managing Projects
Microsoft Project WebProject.mpp
WebProjectLevel.mpp
Quick Quiz: Managing Projects
1.
2.
What advantages are provided by storing the project information in a DBMS?
Why is estimating development time one of the most difficult activities?
Cases: Energy
Annual Revenue
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Net Income / Revenue
0,12 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ExxonMobil Royal Dutch Petroleum ChevronTexaco ExxonMobil Royal Dutch Petroleum ChevronTexaco