Transcript Status of the LAPPD Advanced Photo-detector Effort .075” ~150 20m pores INCOM glass substrate SSL SSL 11/7/2015 Herve Grabas HJF: LAPPD Advanced Photo-Detector Status.

Status of the LAPPD Advanced
Photo-detector Effort
.075”
~150 20m pores
INCOM glass
substrate
SSL
SSL
11/7/2015
Herve Grabas
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4 Groups
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+ Integration and Management
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GodParent Review Panels
Packaging Group
Karen Byrum
K.Arisaka
J. Elam
D. Ferenc
J.F. Genat
P. Hink
A. Ronzhin
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MCP Group
Bob Wagner
K.Attenkofer
A. Bross
Z. Insepov
A. Tremsin
J. Va’vra
A. Zinovev
Photocathode Group
Gary Varner
J. Buckley
K. Harkay
V. Ivanov
A. Lyashenko
T. Prolier
M. Wetstein
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Electronics Group
Zikri Yusof
B. Adams
M. Demarteau
G. Drake
T. Liu
I. Veryovkin
S. Ross
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Hermetic Packaging Group
Two parallel effortsOssy Siegmund’s group at Space Sciences Lab (UCB)
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3.
Builds on many successful years of ceramic-body MCP experience
Extrapolation of (Ossy’s) Planacon design
Need to modify/extend existing facilities
ANL-UC group (Rich Northrop, Dean Walters, Bob Wagner)
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2.
3.
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Aimed specifically at large-area cheap and/or fast. (would like all
3, but may have to pick 2 for a specific application- e.g. large and
cheap for DUSEL and PET and Security, fast and large for LHC.
Strong facilities and broad expertise- no experience in MCP’s per
se.
Advantages and disadvantages of being new to an old field- we will
make (are making) mistakes. But also have good access to new
technologies, and are not hindered by knowing what can’t be done.
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UCB Concept ‘B’ 8” Tube
Design
Jason McPhate
Experimental Astrophysics Group
Space Sciences Laboratory
University of California, Berkeley
3 Mar 2010
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Modifications to Previous Design
and Rationale Jason McPhate
 Anode:
film
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High-temp Mo-Mn materials rather than thick-
Size of anode required 4 screening steps per layer of thick-film materials,
Mo-Mn materials can be painted by hand (with jig), if needed.
Vias are sealed with brazed-in pins – No vacuum required to pull paste
through vias (as with thick-film materials). Pins allow feedthrough of HV
on anode.
Compatible with hydrogen braze (for seal to body) – Thick-film requires
vacuum braze.
Highly reliable process – Used for military applications.
 Brazed
of 10!
Body Assembly (BBA): Single braze joint instead
Significant concern about maintaining sufficient flatness across 220mm
ceramics to permit robust seals (especially 10 seals joints).
 Use single ground/machined ceramic with large cross-sectional area and
single Kovar window seal flange. Just one braze joint, and ceramic will be
very flat.
 Can only use this much simpler BBA because the HV can now come
through the anode.
3 Mar 
2010
Using “Frog”
and “Lily
pad”Photo-Detector
spacer design
rather than
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Tube Fabrication Flow
Jason McPhate
3 Mar 2010
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J. McPhate
– Hermetic Packaging
Godparent Review Status
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Tube Internals Assembly
Jason McPhate
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Install getters (not shown)
Bottom MCP out contacts
Bottom MCP with 0.5mm frogs
Bottom MCP in and Top MCP out
3 Mar 2010
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contacts
• Top MCP with 0.5mm frogs
• Top MCP in and Window contacts
• Ready for processing and seal
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HV Contacts Detail
Jason McPhate
Full set of redundant HV
contacts in far corner
 Each contact consists of a
ceramic block with a hole
in it, a thin (.002”) formed
spring, and a retaining clip
(not shown).
 Three block heights
 Three spring shapes
 Top MCP in spring thicker
(.004”) for some retention
force.
 More blocks cemented in
other locations to prevent
MCP motion (not shown)
J. McPhate – Hermetic Packaging Godparent Review
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3 Mar 2010
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Facilities at SSL
SPECIFIC FACILITY
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Precision Wet Cleaning
Baking
Vacuum Baking
chamber coming
Plasma Etching
Electrode Evaporation
Hi-Pot Station
Helium Leak Checker
N2 & Vacuum Storage
chamber coming
8.7” Process Chamber
Ossy Siegmund
Status
OK
OK
Underway,
Commissioning
OK, need tooling
OK, need tooling
OK, need tooling
N2 OK, UHV
Design nearly done,
parts ordered, some exist
Vacuum Test Chambers Underway, chamber comng
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ANL-UC Glass Hermetic Packaging Group
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Proceed in 3 steps: 1) hermetic box; 2)
Add MCP’s, readout, (Au cathode); 3)
Add photocathode
Box
Box+ 8” MCPs
Possible Au anode
Box+MCP+PC
Yr 1
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Yr 2
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Glass Hermetic Packaging Group
Basic `proof-of-concept’ module- 8” by 8” MCP
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Model assembly of pre-production real parts:
glass/silver anode, glass sidewall, glass window
Bottom-seal trials at ANL (Joe Gregar) and Minotech Eng.looks promising.
Top-seal trials at ANL; promising--metallurgists at UIC and
ANL working on understanding why Ferenc and Ossy recipes
work.
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Glass Hermetic Packaging Group
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Bottom seal progress: Inside-Out Bottom Plate
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Glass Hermetic Packaging Group
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New Idea (Herve’ Grabas)-Put bottom
traced on PC-card (not on the glass).
Note signal is differential between ground
(inside, top), and PC traces (outside)
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Glass Hermetic Packaging Group
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Nother new idea- multiple standard 8” glass
boxes `tile’ a PC card-modular construction.
PC card has the anode traces and electronics and can be tested and
serviced separately- only the simplest of electrical connections between
the tray and the tiles.
Allows a `factory’ for mass-production 8” square modules that are then
used to make application-specific larger super-modules (DUSEL, PET).
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MicroChannel Plate Group
Jeff Elam, Anil Mane, Qing Peng, Neal
Sullivan (Arradiance), Bernhard Adams,
Matt Wetstein, Slade Jokela, Igor
Veryovkin, Alex Zinovev,, Ossy Siegmund
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No Vacuum Bake
40μm pore, L/D=40 MCP
Arradiance ALD coating
Functionalized in H-furnace requiring long
“scrubbing” time (removal of volatiles)
image credit: J. McPhate
ALD allows separate control of
resistive and emissive layers
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basic scrub period
Conventional lead-oxide MCPs have
single composition for
resistive/emissive material
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SSL
separately optimize each layer for best
overall performance
Precise control over composition;
tunable resistance
Arradiance coatings on Incom
plate- Scrub time reduced by up to
×10 (!) (SSL)
Have functionalized several pairs
with newly developed resistive layer
plus Al2O3 secondary emissive layer
(ANL)
ANL
Signal from MCP pair coated
with
new
image credit:
M. Wetstein
resistive layer Al2O3 emissive layer
Large Area Photodetector Development Collaboration
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MicroChannel Plate Group
First-ever test of an ALD pair (Ossy,
SSL)
Note- at
high gain
the
boundaries
of the
multi’s go
away
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Electron pattern (not a picture of the
plate!)- SSL test, Incom substrate,
Arradiance ALD. Note you can see the multi’s
in both plates => ~50 micron resolution
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MCP/Photocathode DevelopmentTest setup at APS laser
Bernhard Adams, Klaus Attenkofer, (APS), Matt
Wetstein (HEP)
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Microchannel Plate Group
Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Substrates
Seon Woo Lee, Hau Wang, Dmitry Routkevich (Synkera)
Alternative to glass capillary
MCP
• Potential for funnel•
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10μm pore
opening to get large
effective open area ratio
Possible future generation
of MCP with Photocathode
coated on funnel via ALD
Parallel efforts at Synkera and
ANL to produce an MCP
plate with current ALD
Glass may still win, but some
unique characteristics
40μm spacing
5μm funnel
(look close)
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Characterization of Secondary
Emission, Photo-Emission of Materials
Igor Veryovkin, Slade Jokela, Thomas Proslier, Alexander Zinovev
(MSD)- joint meeting with ALD and Photocathode groups, also
works closely with simulation
Have constructed dedicated setup for low-energy SEE and
PE measurements of ALD materials- parts on order.
Group also has parts-per-trillion capability for
characterizing photocathodes after exposure to Argon,
MCP’s before&after scrubbing, aging.
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Simulation (crosses all groups)
Valentin Ivanov, Zeke Insepov, Zeke Yusof, Sergey Antipov
10μm pore
40μm spacing
Funnel
(!)
Large Area Photodetector Development Collaboration
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Photocathode Group
Three prongs:
1. Ossy at SSL makes bialkali already:
Have recipes, long experience, track record
Have procured big plasma etcher off of GSA
list, big UHV tank off of Ebay
Facility modification in progress
2. Bialkali at ANL as part of designing a
production assembly line.
3. Understanding recipes, developing higher
QE, II-V, nano, robust assembly. Have
brought together 3 PC groups at ANL,
groups at WashU, UIUC, MSD supercharacterization group at ANL.
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SSL Photocathodes: Large Process
Chamber (Ossy Siegmund)
Glass Window
UV Transmissive
Window
Manipulators
18” ID Chamber
Photo-Cathode
Forming Well Flange
UHV valves
16.5” Detector
Loading Flange
Ion Pumps
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Ion Pump supply
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SSL Photocathodes: Processing
Oven, Cathode Deposition
Oven accommodates Large Format
Inside Envelope: 36” x 30” x 25” High
Defines Large Chamber Limits
Cathode station controls alkali metal
deposition, and monitors cathode
response
Ossy Siegmund
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Advanced Photocathode Group
This is the hardest intellectual task
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Quantum Effic. Of 60% have been
achieved in bialkalis
III-V have the potential for high QE,
shifting toward the blue, and
robustness i.e. they age well, high-temp)
Opaque PC’s have much higher QE than
transmission PC’s- we have the geometry
Many small factors to be gained in
absorption, anti-reflection- see papers
by Townsend and talk by Fontaine on our
web site
Big payoff if we can get >60% QE robust
photocathodes
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Advanced Photocathode Group
The field: largely recipes and some
theory. What we have done:
Put
together a group of the ANL PC efforts:
APS (3), MSD and Wake-field Accel, plus the
MSD characterization effort to pool
resources
Joined forces with groups at Wash U (J.
Buckley) and UIUC (X. Li) (and have Ossy)
Contacted/Visited the CERN Photocathode
Lab, BNL Photocathode effort
Held a photocathode workshop with wide
(BiAl, II-V, nano; international) participation
Learned enough to make a plan for rational
design- looks hard, but we have a remarkable
group of people and tools
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Advanced Photocathode Group
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text
Figure : Basic design of the
growth/activation chamber.
The chamber is optimized for
minimum foot-print. It
includes up to 6 evaporators
(thermal, e-beam evaporator,
or magnetron sputter), in-situ
macroscopic characterization
tools: QE measurement,
ellipsometry and thickness
monitors, optical
characterization (absorption,
specular and off-specular
reflection behavior) and a
minimum of structural and
electronic characterization
tools which can be tuned to
the application. The unit can
be used stand-alone or can be
combined with existing tools
as a cluster tool.
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Electronics Group
J.F. Genat, Gary VarnerHerve Grabas, Eric Oberla, Larry Ruckman,
Kurtis Nishimura
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text
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Electronics Group
2nd prototype- fix problems,
improve performance, add
features
One 2nd-yr goal is to use
these chips in our MCP
test facilities instead of
expensive scopes
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Next Year’s Goals
(draft- in process now)
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Hermetic 8” assemblies in ceramic and
glass
Demonstration of 8”-ALD-functionalized
glass-capillary chevron with gain > 106
Bialkali photocathodes at SSL; bialkali
capability at ANL
Photocathode characterization facility
at ANL (hope joint with APS, MSD, …)
Integrated chip/transmissionline/readout tray for multiple 8”tile
assembly
Decision on where to make production
facilility.
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Parallel Efforts on Specific Applications
PET
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Explicit strategy for staying on task
(UC/BSD,
UCB, Lyon)
Collider
(UC,
ANL,SLAC,..
LAPD Detector
Development
ANL,Arradiance,Chicago,Fermilab,
Hawaii,Muons,Inc,SLAC,SSL/UCB,
Synkera, U. Wash.
DUSEL
K->pnn
(Matt, Mayly,
Bob, John, ..)
Drawing Not To Scale (!)
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(UC(?))
Security
(TBD)
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Application 1-Energy Frontier
At colliders we measure the 3-momenta of hadrons, but can’t follow
the flavor-flow of quarks, the primary objects that are colliding. 2orders-of-magnitude in time resolution would all us to measure ALL
the information=>greatly enhanced discovery potential.
Specs:
Click to edit Master subtitle style
Signal: 50-10,000 photons
Space resolution: 1 mm
Time resolution 1 psec
Cost: <100K$/m2:
t-tbar -> W+bW-bbar
Application 2- Lepton Flavor Physics
(Howard Nicholson)
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Example- DUSEL detector with 100% coverage and 3D photon
vertex reconstruction.
Need >10,000 square meters (!) (100 ps resolution)
Spec: signal single photon, 100 ps time, 1 cm space, low cost/m2
(5-10K$/m2)*
* Hermetic DUSEL specs TBD
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Application 3- Medical Imaging (PET)
Remindermention
new iniative
in France
for PET
and Hadron
Therapy
using these
ideas- US
should not
have to
follow…..
Depth of interaction measurement; 375 ps resolution (H. Kim, UC).
(note distinguished ANL/UC history in medical imaging, esp. PET)
Spec: signal 10,000 photons,30 ps time, 1 mm
space, 30K$/m2, MD-proof
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Application 4- Nuclear Non-proliferation
1. MCP’s loaded with Boron or Gadolinium are used
as neutron detectors with good gamma separation
(Nova Scientific).
2. Large-area means could scan trucks, containers
3. Time resolution corresponds to space resolution
out of the detector plane IF one has a t_0– i.e can
do 3D tomography of objects
Specs: Unknown
An area for possible applications- need a
counterpart to form an application group.
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THE END
Thanks to everybody in the
LAPPD collaboration who
contributed to our progress,
esp. the young ones.
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