Transcript Just-in-Time Lecture www.pitt.edu/~super/ Pakistan Floods July-August 2010 Mission Statement Pakistan The Global Disaster Health Network is designed to translate the best possible scholarly information to educators worldwide.

Just-in-Time Lecture
www.pitt.edu/~super/
Pakistan Floods
July-August 2010
Mission
Statement
Pakistan
The Global Disaster Health Network
is designed to translate the best
possible scholarly information to
educators worldwide.
Pakistan
What is the Disaster Supercourse?
What is a JIT lecture?
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1
Lecture
Highlights
Pakistan
• What is a flood?
• Pakistan country
• Pakistan health statistics before the flood
• Impacts of Pakistan floods 2010
• Causes of Pakistan floods 2010
• Response to Pakistan floods 2010
• Health needs of the floods affected communities
• How to protect ourselves from floods?
• Disaster risk reduction
Pakistan
Country
Pakistan
Source: http://geology.com/world/pakistan-satellite-image.shtml
Pakistan
Country
Pakistan
Capital: Islamabad
Population (2010): 170,294,000
Largest city: Karachi
Density: 211.8/ Km2
Official language(s): Urdu and
English
GDP (PPP) (2010):
Total: $451.972 billion
Per capita: $2,731
Regional languages: Punjabi,
Pashto, Sindhi, Seraiki and Balochi
Demony:m Pakistani
Government: Federal
Parlimentary Republic
Total area: 803,940 Km2 (36th
world largest country)
Source: Wikipedia
GDP (nominal):
Total: $177,901 billion
Per capita: $1,067
Gini (2005): 31.2 (Medium)
HDI (2007): 0.572 (Medium)
Currency: Pakistani Rupee (Rs.)
Pakistan
Health Statistics
Pakistan
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years):
62/63
Healthy life expectancy at birth m/f (years, 2003):
54/52
Probability of dying under five (per 1000 live births):
Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per
1000 population):
97
218/194
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2006):
51
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2006):
2.0
Source: World Health Statistics 2008 (Figures are for 2006 unless indicated)
Floods
Pakistan
A flood is a temporary covering by
water of land not normally covered by
water
Some floods develop slowly, some
flood s happen during a very short
time
Floods are one of the most common hazards in the world
Floods trend and their intensity are increasing due to climate change
worldwide.
Flash
Floods
Pakistan
Flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few
minutes and without any visible signs of rain
The flash floods’ lead time in some part of the US is as short as
60 seconds and in west part of Golestan province, Iran, as 15
minutes
Is the most killer type of floods
Floods
can occurs:
Pakistan
Outside a river or stream, when a levee
is breached
When a dam breaks
In rivers, when flow exceeds the
capacity of the river channel
Damage to homes and businesses if
they are placed in flood plains of rivers
Pakistan
Human Beings are at increasing risk of floods!
Human being likes to live next to water! No matter how the
areas are threatened by floods!
Of course, the human being has the experience to mitigate the risk of
floods in many areas. But most parts of the world do not know about
these experiences or do not have enough capacity to use them!
Pakistan
Floods Adverse Effects
Primary effects
Physical damage - Can damage any type of structure, including bridges, cars,
buildings, sewer systems, roadways and canals
Casualties - People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to
epidemics and waterborne diseases.
Secondary effects
Water supplies – Contamination of waters
Diseases - Unhygienic conditions and spread of water-borne disease
Crops and food supplies - Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of
entire harvest.
Trees - Non-tolerant species can die from suffocation.
Tertiary/long-term effects
Economic - Economic hardship, due to: temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding
costs, food shortage leading to price increase ,etc.
World’s Deadliest Floods
Pakistan
Event
1931 China floods
Death
2,500,000 - 3,700,000
1887 China Yellow River flood
900,000 - 2,000,000
1938 China Yellow River flood
500,000 - 700,000
1975 China
Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina
2004 Indonesia
Indian Ocean tsunami
1935 Yangtze river flood
1950 Netherland, St.Felix’s flood storm surge
1971 North Vietnam
Hanoi and Red River Delta flood
1911 China Yangtze river flood
231,000
230,000
145,000
>100,000
100,000
100,000
Pakistan
Flood Damages to Pakistan, July-August 2010,
by Affected Provinces
BALOCHISTAN
KPK
PUNJAB
SINDH
AJ&K
GB
G.Total
Deaths
24
1068
103
44
69
183
1491
Injured
98
1056
350
405
83
60
2052
Houses
Damaged
19,619
179,874
500,000
271,699
6,472
2,820
980,484
KPK: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
AJ&K: Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/flood-2010.html
Comparison of Pakistan 2010 Floods Damages
withPakistan
other Major Disasters
Population Affected
Area Affected
(Sq Km)
Deaths
Injured
Household
Damaged
Est. Economic
damage
(Million US$)
PAKISTAN
FLOOD *
(August 2010)
EARTHQUAKE
PAKISTAN
(Oct 2005)
14,571,885
3,500,000
132,000,
30,000
1,313
1,588
73,338
128,309
722,508
600,152
KATRINA
NARGIS CYCLONE
CYCLONE USA
MYANMAR
(Aug 2005)
(May 2008)
5,200
*Based on initial assessments
Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
http://ndma.gov.pk/Documents/flood_2010/flood_comparison.pdf
500,000
2,420,000
23,500
1,836
84,537
19,359
450,000
125,000
4,000
Pakistan
Map of Flood Affected Area in Pakistan
2010 Extreme Weather Events around the World !
Pakistan
Heat wave and wildfires in the Russian Federation
Monsoonal flooding in Pakistan
Rain-induced landslides in China
Calving of a large iceberg from the Greenland ice sheet
Droughts and fires in Australia
High-temperature days in the eastern the US
Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html
Pakistan Floods 2010: Is it related to Climate Change?
Pakistan
Aggravated the Monsoon activity by the la Niña phenomenon in the
Pacific Ocean, according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Scientific projections show the association between intense extreme
weather events and global warming, however, longer time investigations
required to establish whether an individual event is attributable to climate
change!
Until the science finds absolute relationship, in the meanwhile, however,
we can protect the globe from carbon-emitting industries!
Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html
Pakistan
El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO
A climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on
average every 5 years (ranged 3 to 7 years)
Characterized by temperature variations of the surface of the tropical
eastern Pacific Ocean:
Warming phase: El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure
in the west Pacific
Cooling phase: La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure
in the west Pacific.
Sources:
UN/ ISDR, Living with Risk, Geneva, 2004
Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_nina
Pakistan
Pakistan Floods Forecasting
You can follow the floods treat in Pakistan through Pakistan Meteorology
Organization at:
http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FFD/index_files/fbc.htm
GIS maps of floods affected areas can be found at:
http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FloodMap/Floodwar/floodwar-01.html
Pakistan
Response to Pakistan Floods
National and international communities has launched the immediate response to
the affected people in Pakistan
However, there are difficulties during
disaster responses:
Millions are in need
Inaccessible or hard to reach areas, as the
roads are destructed and lands are
submerged by floods water
Political relationship affects providing or
accepting the relief aids
Donors are concerned whether the funds
will reach Taliban instead flood victims
Security issues
Unexploded mines
Health Cluster:
Pakistan
the Coordination Mechanism on the Ground
Disasters brings many players to the field.
To maximize the coordination, health partners need to work to jointly assess and
analyse information, prioritize the interventions, build an evidence-based strategy
and action plan, monitor the health situation and the health sector response,
adapt/re-plan as necessary, mobilize resources and advocate for humanitarian
health action.
WHO is the leading agency and coordinates the Health Cluster.
Read more about Health Cluster at:
http://www.who.int/hac/global_health_cluster/about/en/index.html
Pakistan
Pakistan Health Needs:
Safe drinking water
Appropriate food
Doctors & nurses
Medicine
Disease surveillance system
Reproductive health
Mental health support
Be alert for the water-borne outbreaks
Please see the Health Cluster report at:
http://www.who.int/hac/crises/pak/sitreps/16august2010/en/index.html
Timely and
accurate information:
Pakistan
A crucial priority for effective response!
Coordination requires information
Do not stop providing the assistance until you get precise information!
Conduct your assessments and ensure they are followed by an established
information system
Avoid individual assessment , make it efficient by joining the Health Cluster
Public health surveillance can be the basic information system, not only to help
the Health Cluster, but also the other relief provides
Pakistan
The most Vulnerable Victims
Ensure all assessments and response
efforts take into consideration
the needs of:
Women at child bearing age
Pregnant women
Children
Elderly
Disables
Pakistan
Recovery toward Sustainable Development
The disaster managers need to plan for the long term needs
and quality of life of the affected people
The plan for recovery phase should be launched now!
Pakistan
How can we protect ourselves from a flood?
Flood can occur no matter where you live, but especially
low-lying areas and the area near water or downstream
from a dam are the highest risk.
Please see the next slides for FEMA guideline on
protection from floods!
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Before a Flood
Pakistan
Avoid building in a flood prone area unless you elevate and reinforce your
home.
Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to
flooding.
Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing
up into the drains of your home.
Contact community officials to find out if they are planning to construct
barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the
homes in your area.
Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid
seepage.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan
During a Flood (1)
If a flood is likely in your area, you should:
Listen to the radio or television for information.
Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash
flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to
move.
Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas
known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or
without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:
Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move
essential items to an upper floor.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan
During a Flood (2)
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so.
Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you
are wet or standing in water.
If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:
Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make
you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving.
Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car,
abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You
and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
Pakistan
Driving Flood Facts
Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing
loss of control and possible stalling.
A foot of water will float many vehicles.
Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport
utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
After a Flood
Pakistan
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is
safe to drink.
Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw
sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or
downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have
weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power
company.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
After a Flood
Pakistan
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.
Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden
damage, particularly in foundations.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as
soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can
contain sewage and chemicals.
Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm
What
Whatisisaa Disaster?
Disaster?
• A disaster is a function of the risk process.
• It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of
vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the
potential negative consequences of risk.
Source: UN/ISDR
Hazard
A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human
activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage,
social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.
Natural
Human Induced
Source: UN/ISDR
Geological
Earthquake
Hydro meteorological
Flood, Hurricane
Biological
Pandemic
Environmental degradation
Deforestation
Technological
Nuclear release
What
is the Vulnerability?
Vulnerability
• The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility
of a community to the impact of hazards.
• Pakistan vulnerability to flood hazard
Source: UN/ISDR
Risk
• The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses
(deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted
or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between
natural or human-induced hazards & vulnerable conditions.
• Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Readiness
Source: UN/ISDR
30
years continuous
evolution in the
Decades
of Experience
practice of Crisis or Disaster Management
 Civil defense
 Emergency assistance
 Disaster response and relief
Strategic shift from
managing a
 Humanitarian assistance
disastrous event to
 Emergency management
more preventive
 Civil protection
and proactive
 Disaster mitigation and prevention
approaches!!
 Disaster Risk Management
Source: UN/ISDR
Disaster Risk Reduction
The conceptual framework of elements considered with the
possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks
throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation
and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the
broad context of sustainable development !
Source: UN/ISDR
Pakistan
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