Transcript An Introduction to Child Trafficking for Social Service Providers: Identifying and Serving Survivors Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking El Monte Sweatshop Workers, 1995 LA Times  Founded in.

An Introduction to Child
Trafficking for Social Service
Providers:
Identifying and Serving
Survivors
Coalition to Abolish
Slavery & Trafficking
El Monte Sweatshop Workers, 1995
LA Times

Founded in 1998 in response
to El Monte Sweatshop.

Mission: To assist persons
trafficked for the purpose of
forced labor and slavery-like
practices and to work toward
ending all instances of such
human rights violations.
CAST Services for Trafficking Survivors
 Housing/Basic Necessities: Emergency/transitional housing,
affordable housing, tenants’ rights education, utilities info, food,
clothing.
 Medical: Immediate screening for injury/illness, documentation of
injuries/scars, nutrition assessment, follow-up health care,
vaccinations/TB/STD/HIV tests, chronic illness care, OB/GYN,
dental, vision.
 Education/Employment: Literacy, ESL/GED/vocational
training, labor law education, career planning, job search.
 Life Skills: Cross-cultural education, transportation, signage,
training to prevent exploitation, banking, financial budgeting.
 Legal Services: Immigration relief, victims-witness advocacy, civil
case referrals, Long-term, comprehensive support for continuing
legal needs.
Training Overview
1.
2.
3.
Dimensions of Child Trafficking
Identifying Child Trafficking Survivors
Serving Child Trafficking Survivors
1.
2.
3.
4.
Case Management
Access to Shelter
Access to Benefits
Legal Framework
Dimensions of
Child Trafficking
Adapted from: CAST Presentation
© Freedom Network 2003
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Human Trafficking is a Modern
Day Form of Slavery

Victims trafficked for:
 Forced labor:
Examples: restaurant work, agricultural work, domestic work, factory work, or illegal
enterprises such as selling drugs and serving as decoys in smuggling cases.

Sexual exploitation:
Examples: prostitution, use in pornography

Child Trafficking:

‘The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a child for
the purpose of exploitation constitutes ‘trafficking in persons’
-Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized
Crime, (“Protocol”), G.A. res. 55/25, annex II, 55 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 60, U.N.
Doc. A/45/49 (Vol. I) (2001), Art. 3(c).
Human Trafficking is an Under
Identified Crime

Many people think of human trafficking as only an
international problem

Victims tend not to self-identify as trafficking
victims

Often victims are deported before their full story
is known
Some Estimates as to the Scope of
the Problem:

In the U.S. 14,500-17,500 men, women and children trafficked
annually

The estimates on the number of immigrant children being
trafficked into the country annually range from 7,000 to
17,000.[1]

As many as 10,000 people in slavery like conditions in the Los
Angeles area alone

2 million people trafficked worldwide annually

27 million people in slavery around the world

$9 billion dollar business
[1] Estes and Weiner, p. 114.
(United States Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, (TIP), June 2007)
Percentage of Child Trafficking Victims
Around the World:
Pecentage of Minor Victims Within Global Statistics
of Trafficking Victims [1]
 CAST’s caseload for 20072008 addressed ~4% child
victims of human
trafficking.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
U.S.
Government
 U.S. Government average
is about 13% of cases
identified
UNODC
ILO
[1] http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06825.pdf at pg 12
[2](http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/annualreports/tr2007/agreporthumantrafficing2007.pdf, 4)
 From 2001-2007, only 131
child victims have been
certified by the Federal
government. [2]
Survivor Stories

Lily, a young Egyptian girl was freed from a couple’s home in Irvine, California,
where she was forced to work as a domestic servant for two years. She was denied
access to a formal education and was threatened with physical harm by the couple. [1]

At age 15, Sofia was promised a job as a waitress in America. She was told that she
would make enough money to pay off her smuggling debts in no time. Her
prospects at home seemed dim, so along with her older sister, she agreed to go to
California. When they arrived, they were forced into a prostitution ring run by
human traffickers.[2]

Jeffery, 16, was brought over to the U.S. by a family. He was told that he had to work
for them at their store to pay off his travel debt. He worked eight hours a day, six
days a week. He did not attend school. Eventually, the family told him to leave.[3]

Brandon, 17, from a Central American country was forced to sell drugs in the
United States. He was eventually charged with drug trafficking in juvenile court. The
Juvenile Justice System eventually found Brandon guilty of selling drugs. [4]
[1] U.S. Department of Justice, Press Release, February 2, 2005, “Irvine couple indicted on involuntary servitude charges for holding girl as virtual slave to serve their family,”
http://losangeles.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel05/ibrahimabdel020205.htm (accessed on March 22,2006).
[2] This is a case study based on several interviews. The names, places, and dates have been changed to ensure the child’s confidentiality is strictly maintained.
[3] Case study derived from interview conducted on March 13, 1006 by telephone with anonymous social service provider. Identifying characteristics of the child, including, name,
gender, and ethnicity are subject to change.
[4] This is a case study based on several interviews. The names, places, and dates have been changed to ensure the child’s confidentiality is strictly maintained.
Identifying Survivors of
Child Trafficking
Adapted from: CAST Presentation
© Freedom Network 2003
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Human Trafficking Defined
The term ''severe forms of trafficking in persons'' means:

(A) sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is
induced by force, fraud, or coercion,
OR in which the person induced to perform such act
has not attained 18 years of age; or

(B) the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or
services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion
for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude,
peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
(Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act of 2000 can be found at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo/laws/vawo2000/)
Three Elements of Trafficking
ACTS
1
Recruiting
OR
Harboring
OR
Moving
OR
Obtaining
MEANS
2
END
3
For the purposes of
by
Force
OR
Fraud
OR
Coercion
a person,
© Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), 2006. All Rights Reserved.
Involuntary Servitude
OR
Debt Bondage
OR
Slavery
OR
Sex Trade
What Constitutes Coercion?
22 U.S.C. § 7102 Coercion. The term "coercion" means-(A) threats of serious harm to or physical restraint
against any person;
(B) any scheme, plan, or pattern intended to cause a
person to believe that failure to perform an act would
result in serious harm to or physical restraint against
any person; or
(C) the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process.
Common Misconceptions

Trafficking requires the crossing of national or
international borders

Trafficking only involves foreign nationals not US
citizens

You can consent to being trafficked
The U.S. Side of Human Trafficking

An unknown number of American
citizens and legal residents are
trafficked within the country.

Forced to work in sexual servitude
and forced labor.

FBI debriefings of sex traffickers or
pimps indicate that approx. 20-40%
of the victims forced or recruited
into prostitution were juveniles.

Source: Chris Swecker, FBI
Local Resources

To help access services/benefits:
Ann Lane at Office of Refugee Resettlement :
1-202-401-4732 [email protected]

Service Providers who specialize in assisting US Citizen or
LPR survivors:





Covenant House, Los Angeles 323 461-3131
Children of the Night, Los Angeles 818 908-4474
The SAGE Project, Inc., San Francisco 415 905-5050
National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) 1-888-3737-888
If the child would like to seek criminal charges:
Trafficking in Persons and Worker Exploitation
Task Force Complaint Line 1-888-428-7581
Trafficking versus Smuggling
TRAFFICKING:
SMUGGLING:

Contains the elements of force,
fraud, or coercion (cannot
consent to enslavement)

No force, fraud, or coercion

Subsequent exploitation
and/or forced labor

Unauthorized crossing of
borders

Those trafficked are seen as
victims by the law

Those smuggled are seen as
criminals by the law
Modern-Day Slavery:
A Prison Without Walls
Along with:
Physical / Psychological / Sexual abuse/ Physical threats
Look for:
 Long hours
 Little/No pay
 Withholding documents
 Threats of deportation
 Threats to family members in home country
 Isolation
 Inhumane Living Conditions
 Denial of access to healthcare services
 Having to work when sick
 Not able to refuse customer requests
© Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), 2006. All Rights Reserved.
Things to Look for Especially in
Juvenile Cases






Substance abuse
Denial of access to education
Denial of recreational activities
No peers/contact with others from outside world
Already in the Juvenile Justice System
False documents with incorrect age
Redefining How You Look at a Case

For example: DCFS defines exploitation as “any unethical use
of [children] for one’s own advantage or profit.” See Los
Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services
(DCFS). “Assessment of Exploitation.”

According to the Los Angeles County Department of Children and
Family Services (DCFS) 100 child exploitation referrals were made in
2007
Key Identification Questions
Recruitment/ Migration:

Why did you come to the U.S.?

Who arranged your travel?

How did you get here?

Do you owe money for your trip?

What did you expect when you came?

What did you end up doing?

Were you scared?
Identification:

Do you have any papers?

Who has them?
Living Environment:

Where do you live?

Who else lives there?

Where do you sleep?

Are you scared to leave?
Coercion:

Has anybody ever threatened you to keep you from
running away?

Has anybody ever hurt you to make you stay?

Has you family been threatened?
Working Conditions:

Are you in school?

Are you working?

What kind of work do you do?

Are you paid?

Do you owe money to your boss or someone else?

Can you leave your job if you want?
CAST Intake Form
Date of referral:
CAST Staff:
Referent Name/Telephone:
Referent Organization:
First Name:
Last Name:
Spouse/Children Names:
Languages:
Age:
Interpreter: Y
DOB:
N
Nationality:
Current Address:
Town/Region:
Telephone:
Ethnicity:
Approx. Date of Escape:
From Who/Where:
Type of Trafficking:
Approx. Length of Servitude:
How Recruited:
Agreed Transportation to US/fee:
Actual Transportation Fee:
Other Agreed Fees:
Actual Fees:
Agreed Conditions:
Actual Conditions:
Agreed Salary/Payment:
Actual Salary/Payment:
Approx. Date of Entry:
Restriction of Movement:
Abuse:
(circle)
Physical
Entry Method (if known) i.e. Visa:
Y
N
Documents Withheld:
Emotional
Y
N
Psychological
Threats: Y N (To be determined)
Any Current Threats/Fears: Y
N
Possible
Immediate Action Required:
Y
N
Current Emergency/Social Service Needs:
Trafficking/Forced Labor
Assigned CAST Staff:
Smuggling
Labor Exploitation
Referred out to (Agency/Telephone):
LEA Referral: FBI/AUSA/ICE/DOL/Other
Contact:
Servile Marriage
Trafficking
Insufficient Info
Initial Contact With Potentially
Trafficked Persons

Victims might often lie about their present circumstances
AND are unlikely to self-identify as trafficking victims.

Recognize the methods involved in hiding or disguising trafficked minors from authoritie

Establish that you:





Have no power to order the person deported
Do not work for the government or police
Will not take any action without the client’s consent
Represent their interests and no one else
Always use an interpreter even if some English is spoken

Ask if there is a gender preference

Be careful not to impose values or ideas
Be knowledgeable and aware of your position of power in society
Find out if other victims are being held
Be suspicious of private attorneys paid for by trafficker

CONTACT AN ATTORNEY IMMEDIATELY TO ASSIST THE CHILD



Safety Considerations When Working
with Trafficking Victims

Do not try to liberate victims yourself

During “extractions,” staff should wait at secondary, neutral site

Find secure locations for interviews

Assess risk level to client, client family, staff

Make safety plans based on assessments

Be mindful of your movements

Consider relocating victims

Do not provide personal information
© Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), 2008. All Rights Reserved.
Serving Trafficked Children
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Wide Range of Needs
Immediate needs:




Appropriate placement
Protection
Food
Medical care

Mental health, suicide intervention and assessment
Long-term needs:




Education/Job placement
Counseling
Legal representation
Other social services to help rebuild their lives
Case Management Services

Facilitate Access to Services
 Case Managers/Advocates provide some services directly, but more often,
coordinate access to other providers OR assist client do for themselves.

Intensive & Comprehensive Case Management
 Emergency Basic Needs (food, shelter, clothing)
 Benefits Coordination
 Supportive Counseling & Support through Legal Case
 Life Skills Education & Exploitation Prevention
 Employment Prep & Assistance
 Access to schools
 Individualized Service Plans

Crisis Intervention/Supportive Counseling

Appropriate Housing Placement
© Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), 2008. All Rights Reserved.
Safety Screening Form
 Use to help assess risk to:
 Client/victim
 Staff
 Family members
 Create a safety plan with client
 Refer to another agency if risk is too high for
victim to remain in current town, state.
Case Confidentiality
 Can make or break a case—Critical impact on the life of the individual
survivor
 Keep responsible case notes
 Record only what you need to document services and ensure record of
events that are relevant to case
 Screen all interpreters
 Protect the right to privacy and safety by using Informed Consents and
Authorization for Release of Information
 Ensures relationship of trust and respect
 Reduces safety risks to all
 Maintains integrity of all legal proceedings
 Especially important with a child who has an active criminal or civil
case-expect your notes to be subpoenaed and act accordingly
© Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), 2008. All Rights Reserved.
Mandatory Reporting
Limits on confidentiality:

Section 11166 of the Penal Code: requires any child care custodian,
health provider or employee of a child protective agency who has
knowledge, or reasonably suspects child abuse, to report it to a child
protective agency immediately.

“Child Care Custodian:” includes administrators and employees of
public or private youth centers, youth recreation programs or youth
organizations; administrators and employees of public or private
organizations whose duties require direct contact and supervision of
children.
Options for Assistance
 Family Reunification/Repatriation
 Appropriate shelter
 Benefits
 Legal
 Immigration
 Criminal Prosecution
 Civil Law Remedies
Family Reunification?

Family reunification should be explored as a
priority.
 Ensure:




Claimants are genuine family members
Were not a part of the trafficking
Capable of providing safety for the child
Develop a plan for identifying, assessing, and
communicating with family in long-term care plans.
Repatriation Assistance
 For assistance arranging travel, purchasing air tickets,
and child accompaniment contact:
 IOM Washington
 Carson Osberg
 1752 N Street NW Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036
 E-mail: [email protected]
 Phone: 202 862 1826 ext. 227 Fax: 202 862 1879
 Link with Non-Governmental Organizations in country
of repatriation to assess family situation, safety, available
services, accompany client through immigration, etc.
 Follow-up with client as appropriate
Appropriate Housing Placement

Federal Programs
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM)
 Division of Unaccompanied Children Services (DUCS)


State Foster Care

Non-Governmental Organization Shelters

Family Placement
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors
(URM)
 The VTVPA provides trafficked children access to the
URM program- the federal foster care system for
refugee children
 Only after Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) issues a
letter of eligibility to a trafficked child can they access the
URM program.
 17 URM programs in the U.S.
 Caters to refugee children from all over the world.
 Provides comprehensive services
 Family counseling, mental health treatment, and other
social services that the minor may need.
URM in California


In 2004, a URM program was established in San Jose, California by
Catholic Charities.

Currently, it has about 10 family placements

Between foster care and a supported housing program they are currently able
to serve about 25 children.

The San Jose program has access to all other Catholic Charities services in
the region, which includes the services within its informal network of
partners.

They have yet to serve a trafficking victim

Their program provides: Financial support for housing, food, clothing, and
other necessities for the minor, medical care, intensive case management,
independent living skills training, training and support for foster parents.
For more information, contact Coleen Gulbraa at 408.325.5159 or [email protected]
Division of Unaccompanied
Children Services (DUCS)

When federal law enforcement encounter Unaccompanied Alien
Minors (UAM) ineligible for the URM program, they are usually
sent to facilities operated by the Division of Unaccompanied
Children Services (DUCS), which is housed under the ORR.

DUCS is responsible for providing care to Unaccompanied
Alien Minors until they are either released from custody or
deported to their home countries.

There have been reported cases in which child
trafficking victims have been identified in the DUCS
program
Annie Sovcik, telephone interview with author, February 9, 2006.
DUCS Services in CA

DUCS has a contract with Catholic Charities in Los Angeles
County to provide shelter for children under its custody.

Angel’s Flight, a runaway youth emergency shelter, is the agency
that delivers care to DUCS children under Catholic Charities.
Angel's Flight Emergency Shelter
357 South Westlake Avenue,
Los Angeles, CA 90057
213-413-2311; 800-833-2499
Local Resources in Los Angeles

Private youth shelters and foster care providers

Community-Based Organizations (CBO) and religious
groups

Emilio Mendoza: Department of Children and Family
Services – Multi-Agency Response Team

Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc.- (CLINIC)

Debbie Deem – FBI Victim Specialist
Access to CA State Benefits

SB 1569 provides temporary and immediate access to
social services for victims of human trafficking, domestic
violence and other violent crimes prior to federal
certification.

SB 1569 benefits end when a child is Certified by the
federal government
Establishing SB 1569 Eligibility
 A Victim of human trafficking who:
 Is taking steps to file an application for T-Nonimmigration status
visa (T-Visa) or meets the conditions for federal benefits eligibility.
OR
 Has filed an application for a T-visa.
 Must Provide:
1. A sworn statement
2. Documentation to show that a T-visa has been or will be filed
 A Letter from an attorney assisting the child is enough
Benefits Through Federal Certification
 Victims of a severe form of trafficking who have
been certified by Office of Refugee Resettlement
of the Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) are eligible for benefits to the same extent
as refugees.
Who Is Eligible For Certification?


Individual must be determined to be a victim of a
severe form of trafficking by a federal law
enforcement agency
OR
Have filed and had a T-visa application approved
Minors Require Verification

Identification is only half of the process. The other half
involves verification:

The ORR must verify the trafficking status of an alien minor
before a letter of eligibility can be issued

This is handled on a case-by-case basis.[1]
[1] Annie Sovcik interview.
Certification Benefits For Minors
 Once the determination of eligibility has been made,
children are entitled to federal benefits.
 Refugee self-sufficiency Matching Grant Program and
other ORR discretionary grant programs benefits
programs for victims of trafficking
 Benefit issuing agencies can call ORR’s trafficking
victim verification line at 866-401-5510
Other Resources: Survivor Services
and Funding
 Government grantees across the United States can provide services to victims who
cooperate as witnesses
 Office for Victims of Crime – emergency services for pre-certified victims
 Office of Refugee Resettlement – provides certification for refugee benefits
eligibility for victims of severe form of trafficking in persons
 Emergency Witness Assistance Program (EWAP) funds
 Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) funds, crime victim compensation go to:
http://www.boc.ca.gov/Victims.htm#Eligible
 Possible discretionary funds from government agencies
 Free services/clinics
 Be creative and advocate strongly if you think your client is eligible to apply for or
receive services
The Legal Framework
Immigration
Criminal
Civil
Attorney’s Immigration Assistance
Immigration attorneys help trafficked clients
assess their immigration status, as well as:

Pursue a T or U visa, Asylum status, Special
Immigrant Juvenile visa (SIJS), etc.

Coordinate with derivative applicants in their
country of origin (family etc).

Assist with repatriation (if safe and appropriate).
Used with permission of Kathleen Kim
Immigration Status
Forms of relief specific for human trafficking victims
provided by the TVPA:

Temporary relief through Continued Presence (CP)

Possibility to adjust status to legal permanent
residency through T-Visa or U-Visa.
What Is Continued Presence?

Provides temporary immigration relief to potential
witnesses who are victims of severe forms of trafficking,
including:


Good for 1 year but can be extended


Work authorization
Federal benefits for up to 8 months
Only Federal law enforcement agents can request CP
 However, since children do not have to cooperate with
law enforcement-weigh risks and benefits prior to
seeking this form of relief.
What Is A T-Visa?
 Enables certain victims of human trafficking
and work in the U.S. for four years.
to live
 Children can petition to bring parents and unmarried
siblings under the age of 21 to the U.S.
 Can receive government benefits, including cash
assistance, for up to 8 months
 Can apply for Green Card after three years
Who Is Eligible For A T-Visa?
ELEMENTS:
 Is, or has been, a victim of severe form of trafficking in persons
 Is physically present in the U.S. on account of such trafficking
 Has complied with reasonable request for assistance in the
investigation or prosecution of acts of trafficking
 Children under 18 do not need to meet this criterion
 Would suffer extreme hardship involving unusual and severe harm
upon removal from the U.S.
Other Forms of Immigration Relief

U Visa:
For victims of certain criminal activity who suffered substantial
physical or mental abuse

Asylum:
For persons who have suffered or fear persecution based on race,
religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular
social group in country of origin

Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (SIJS):
Children eligible for long-term foster care due to abuse, neglect or
abandonment when return to home country not a viable option

Violence Against Women Act (VAWA):
Allows certain battered immigrants to file for immigration relief
without abuser’s assistance or knowledge
Criminal Prosecution
Adapted from: CAST Presentation
© Freedom Network 2003
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Federal Crimes












18 U.S.C. § 1581 Peonage (Debt Bondage)
18 U.S.C. § 1583 Enticement into slavery
18 U.S.C. § 1584 Sale into involuntary servitude
18 U.S.C. § 1589 Forced Labor
18 U.S.C. § 1590 Trafficking Into Servitude
18 U.S.C. § 1591 Sex Trafficking
18 U.S.C. § 1592 Document Servitude (up to 5 years)
18 U.S.C. § 1590 Trafficking Into Servitude
18 U.S.C. § 1591 Sex Trafficking
18 U.S.C. § 1592 Document Servitude (up to 5 years)
18 U.S.C. § 2251a Selling or Buying of Children
18 U.S.C. § 2423 Transportation
California State Law
AB 22
 Created a new felony Penal Code section 236.1
which prohibits Human Trafficking
 Prioritized victim protection along with
prosecution
Reporting a Case to Law Enforcement

Child MUST have an attorney to consult with to make this decision.

Minors do NOT need to report cases to receive federal OR State benefits and
immigration status.

Some Minors may WANT to seek justice

Ensure they understand consequences of this decision

Once come forward can be compelled to testify

Minors can be detained as material witnesses

Could see increased threats to family in home country

Length of time involved in case can be one to two years

May need to talk about acts that expose her to criminal liability i.e.
prostitution, drugs, document fraud, etc.
The Criminal Process:
What To Expect

Government agencies may not be accustomed to
cooperating with community agencies and vice versa

Case may take one to two years to complete

Investigation and prosecution will be re-traumatizing to
the victim

NGOs may or may not be allowed to participate in the
process

Advocate for your agency
Criminal Case Advocacy cont.
Victim’s attorneys assist their clients to cooperate with law
enforcement agents by:

Informing them of their rights and role as a witness

Preparing them to testify

Explaining timelines and criminal process

Assisting with temporary restraining orders against traffickers

Following-up after trial with victim impact issues, restitution,
return of property, documents, etc.

Providing legal case management
Civil Litigation
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Photos by J. Maillard, International Labour Organization
Civil Remedies
 Civil attorneys help their clients recover compensation
and other damages from the traffickers by:
 Pursuing the private right of action provided by the
TVPRA.
 Filing wage and hour complaints with the Department of
Labor.
 Filing discrimination complaints with the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission.
 Filing private suits for violations of the Fair Labor
Standards Act, CA labor code, intentional torts and other
civil rights laws.
Used with permission of Kathleen Kim
Rewards of Working With Trafficked and
Enslaved Persons
 New field of victim services
 Highly motivated clients/witnesses
 Assisting an “un-served” population
 Laws exist to assist and protect survivors
(federal and state)
 Justice for survivors
 This is human rights work dedicated to
protecting the most basic right to bodily
integrity and freedom
Photo Feruzzi/Los Angeles Times
El Monte Sweatshop Workers, 1999
“I feel that I have been reincarnated… I
have gained my freedom.” - CAST Client
© Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (CAST), 2008. All Rights Reserved.
If you identify a trafficking survivor
please contact
Stephanie Richard,
Managing Attorney
Coalition to Abolish Slavery &
Trafficking (CAST)
(213) 365-1906 ext. 115
[email protected]
www.castla.org
Copyright Notice
© All rights reserved 2008. No part of
this training
curriculum may be reproduced, transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior expressed
written permission of Coalition to Abolish Slavery &
Trafficking (CAST).