Transcript UNECE Committee on Trade 5th Session Joint ITC-UNECE trade-needs-assessment study on Kazakhstan: major findings and key recommendations Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade (based.

UNECE Committee on Trade 5th Session
Joint ITC-UNECE trade-needs-assessment study on
Kazakhstan: major findings and key recommendations
Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade
(based on the enterprise survey on NTMs)
By:
Date:
Olga Solleder-Skorobogatova, ITC
18 June 2012, Geneva
Plan
• ITC enterprise surveys on non-tariff measures (NTMs)
and their implementation in Kazakhstan
• Preliminary survey results
and their comparison to the results in other countries
• Recommendations
Country coverage of the NTM surveys
ITC NTM programme
Global methodology
…based on large-scale
company level surveys
…representative by sector
and company size
…adjusted to countryspecific requirements
• Identify trade impediments faced by
companies on product and partner
country level.
• Enable companies to voice their
concerns and needs regarding the
identified problems and create
dialogue among national stakeholders.
• Reinforce country capacity: survey
and analysis implemented in
collaboration with local specialists,
after intensive training.
Project process
Country
request
Stakeholder
workshop initiation
Training,
survey of
enterprises
Analysis of
the results;
draft report
Stakeholder
workshop validation
Jan 2012
Sep 2012
Dec 2012
Kazakhstan: timeline
Apr 2011
Nov 2011
Survey methodology
Kazakhstan: current coverage
Business
register
800 companies
Phone screening
243 companies
In-depth face-toface interviews
28 companies
NTM cases
and procedural
obstacles
45 cases
Exporting and importing companies report…
…regulatory barriers in
partner countries:
“Uzbekistan introduced a new regulation requiring adding
the details of Certificate of Origin into invoices, which
should be done within one day. Before it was possible to
have a single certificate for the entire shipment, currently
it is necessary to do this for every part.”
…regulatory barriers in
Kazakhstan:
“Kazakhstan Government Resolution about temporary
prohibition to export sunflower oil due to the domestic
deficit is an issue for our company.”
…regulatory and procedural
barriers in transit countries:
“While exporting beverages from Kazakhstan to partner
country, Tajikistan, cargo is inspected in the transit
country, Uzbekistan. The cargo is opened and some
products are getting lost.”
… procedural barriers and
problems with business
environment at home and
abroad:
“Railroad transport: Insufficient rolling stock.”
Survey coverage: Companies
Direction of trade
(n=243)
Company size
(n=243)
28%
31%
48%
52%
21%
1. Export
2. Import
3. Export and Import
20%
Small
Medium
Large
Survey coverage: Sectors
Export sectors
2%
1% 4%
01. Fresh
1%Food
4%
6%
8%
2%
5%
8%
02. Processed
2%
Food
14%
15%
2%
Import sectors
39%
03. Wood
Products
16%
04. Textiles
13%
17%
05. Chemical
1%
1%
01. Fresh Food
02. Processed Food
8%
4%
03. Wood Products
05. Chemical
07. Basic manufactures
27%
08. Non-electronic
machinery
09. IT & Consumer
electronics
10. Electronic
Components
International comparison
Share of affected exporting companies: agriculture
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
75.4% 72.1%
43.8%
56.5%
49.4%
68.3% 65.3%
63.3%
50.3%
44.0%
23.5%
Share of affected exporting companies: Manufacturing
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
74.3%
34.3% 33.1%
79.4%
73.0%
63.8%
27.7% 30.7%
39.6%
49.5%
10.7%
Small companies are more affected in other
countries. In Kazakhstan?
Importing companies
reporting obstacles
Exporting companies
reporting obstacles
Small
10
Small
37
Medium
5
31
Medium
Large
7
39
Large
Total
22
107
Total
0%
50%
1. Yes
2. No
100%
14
2
5
21
0%
30
21
31
82
50%
1. Yes 2. No
100%
Does Customs Union work?
Importing partner country Share in
total
export
(2009)
- Belarus
- Russian Federation
Customs Union average
World average
No. of
surveyed
companies
that export
to this
country
No. of
Share of
surveyed
affected
companies
companies
that reported among those
NTMs applied exporting to this
by this country country
0.5%
2
0
0%
16.1%
10
1
10%
16.6%
12
1
8%
17
14
82%
Most reported regulatory issues
Partner countries on exports from Kazakhstan
- Inspections
- Quality control measures
- Anticompetitive measures
Kazakhstan on imports
- Charges and taxes
- Conformity assessment
Kazakhstan on exports
- Export certification
- Export prohibition and licensing
Problems with business environment
Top issues in Kazakhstan
- Limited transportation infrastructure
- Time delays
- Lack of human resources in agencies involved in export and import
- Lack of access to information
Top issues in partner and transit countries
- Time delays
- Corruption
- Low security level for persons and goods
- Road blocks
Preliminary reccommendations
Potential response to most reported issues:
• Regulatory barriers
in partner countries:
• Addressing transit issues
• Procedural barriers
in partner/transit
countries:
• Enforcing existing agreements
• Regulatory barriers
in Kazakhstan:
• More predictable and less stringent regulation of
exports, e.g. reduced number of certificates
• Regularising customs valuation for imports
• Procedural barries
in Kazakhstan:
• Removing red tape, especially intentional time delays
• Better railroad infrastructure
Thank you!
For questions or comments please contact
[email protected]
Non-tariff measures: [email protected]
International Trade Centre (ITC)
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Fax: +41 (0)22 730 0577