Payment for Environmental Services in Brazil National Context, Public Policies and alternatives to a sustainable development PSA Workshop – WWF Bulgary Nisovo – Bulgary.
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Payment for Environmental Services in Brazil National Context, Public Policies and alternatives to a sustainable development PSA Workshop – WWF Bulgary Nisovo – Bulgary -19th June 2009 André Costa Nahur Climate Change and EnergyProgram WWF-Brasil The Brazilian Context 4º. Largest GHG Emitter Energy 14% Deforestation 67% Agriculture 20% Source: Seccond GEE Inventory, MCT, 2009 Brazilian Biomes Atlantic Forest Remaining: 7% Cerrado Deforestation Drivers Infraestructure Cattle Soy Illegal logging Fires Mining Land titles uncertainty ? Monitoring, Fiscalization ,Governance PSA/REDD+ Recognition and protection of IP’s and local communities Socio-Biodiversity Products/ Green Economy •Previsão do Cenário: BAU until 2030 • (Mais do Mesmo) • BAU AMEAÇAS PARA A AMAZÔNIA E POVOS INDÍGENAS Desmatamento PES Public Policies Level Law / Program National Aim to create the National Environmental Services Program (PL 5487/2009) Water Producer Program (ANA) State Amazonas Climate Change State Policy (3135/2007) Payment for environmental services Program ( PL still with no number) Acre Create the Environmental Services Incentives System (PL 20025/2008) Espirito Santo Create the PES Program (Law 8995/2009) Minas gerais Create the Bolsa Verde Program (Lei 17.727/2008) São Paulo Climate Change State Policy (Law 1/2009) Santa Catarina Create PES State Policy and establish the governance structure and financing guidelines to the PES Program (Law 15.133/2010) Municipal Extrema - MG Projeto Conservador das Águas (Lei 2100/2005) São Paulo - SP Lei de Mudança do Clima (Lei 14.933/2009) Apucarana - PR Lei do Projeto Oasis – PSA (Lei 058/2009) General Overview - Water Why pay for water services? • Strong pressure under the water services • In Brazil, almost 80 % del cost effective consumption is destined to food production. Food to who? • Social Economic impacts of the deforestation under the hydrological fluxes: erosion and sedimentation process in rivers • US$ 4,24 bilhões/ano: fertilizers and correctives replacement, productivity reduction, production costs enhancement, water treatment, roads maintainance and energy consumption enhancement and others •1. Biophysical science knowledge •Land users Hidrologic al effects •2. •Economy knowledge – valuation Irrigation River basins Committee’s •Rural producers Hydro energy production Hydropower Companies Energy consumers Water supply (urban areas) Water Government Agencies Water consumers Payment •4. •3. •Payment to the servicers providers •Charge to the servicers users Carbon projects in Amazon International Finance Effectiveness? Fund Based National Fund Efficiency? Fund Based Federal Government Environmental taxes State Government Market mechanism Local Government Vertical EEE’s Equity? NGOs Private developers and companies Compensation Horizontal EEE’s Grassroots organizations Indigenous peoples and Local Communities Land holders Others PES Acre Case Study PES Acre Case Study Meanwhile in the Atlantic Forest Different initiatives integrated with support actions to promote socio-biodiversity product. Questions and Gaps • PES Policy are cost effective to reduce land use change? • PES can be an effective instrument in Climate Change Negotiations – maybe after 2020? • PES can be an effective instrument in the rural development, as mentioned in some FAO Annual reports? • Where the funds will come from? • Develop methodologies and minimize problems related to ecosystems and biodiversity valuation is essential? General comments and reflections • Need to balance payments between actors and programs outside and inside forests • Benefits should target poor/marginal actors otherwise can be risky receiving insignificant benefits • Consider and promote different scopes of PES to constitute a broad strategy to adress funds in a effective, efficient and equitable way can • Environmental Services rights should be fomented. At the same time, in some contexts the benefits should be related to who is responsible for the environmental services provision • Mechanisms to promote equity, efficiency & effectiveness essential • Given difficulties of resolving land tenure, alternative indirect benefit-sharing means should be considered • Social and environmental safeguards are essential to monitor and guarantee the rights of IP and LC, and address the final objective. • Need to make it viable the transition to sustainable economies and livelihoods So now....Time for Action, by Tutatis!!!!! Thank You! [email protected] skype: andre.nahur