A Maize Translational Research and Educational Collaborative A presentation for the GEM program 5 December 2007 Chicago Illinois Bill Beavis GF Sprague Professor, ISU Director, NCGR.
Download ReportTranscript A Maize Translational Research and Educational Collaborative A presentation for the GEM program 5 December 2007 Chicago Illinois Bill Beavis GF Sprague Professor, ISU Director, NCGR.
A Maize Translational Research and Educational Collaborative A presentation for the GEM program 5 December 2007 Chicago Illinois Bill Beavis GF Sprague Professor, ISU Director, NCGR Maize R & D Enterprise (circa 1980) Basic: Discovery Modeling Prepare Next Gen Public (Academic+ARS) Geneticists Applied: Translational: QG Models Innovative Methods Prepare Next Gen Develop Germplasm Public (Academic+ARS) Breeders Develop & Release Elite Lines and Hybrids Commercial Breeders Public Maize Breeders Provided Leadership in: • Developing Quantitative and Population Genetic Theory • Translating Theory to Innovative Breeding Methods • Releasing Useful Sources of Genetic Diversity •Preparing the Next Generation of Plant Breeders Maize R & D Enterprise (post genomics - 2007) Basic: Discovery Modeling Prepare Next Gen Commercial XX - XX USDA-ARS X - X X XX x x Academic XX Applied: Translational: QG Models Innovative Breeding Methods XX Prepare Next Gen - x Develop Germplasm Develop & Release Elite Lines and Hybrids - XXX X -- ? -- Accelerated Recovery of Recurrent (Elite) Parent using MABC BC1 BC2 BC3 BC6 75.0 99.0 Traditional Backcross % Recurrent Parent 87.7 93.3 MA Backcross % Recurrent Parent 85.5 98.0 Donor Genome Recurrent Genome 100 Cross-over Region S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences htp genotyping S. Eathington Monsanto Case 2: Genetic information and htp genotyping. Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection: S. Eathington Monsanto Is There a Role for the Academic Maize Breeder in the R & D Enterprise ? Basic: Discovery Modeling Prepare Next Gen Applied: Translational: QG Models Innovative Breeding Methods Prepare Next Gen Develop Germplasm Develop & Release Elite Lines and Hybrids Options: • Abandon Maize to the commercial sector • Abandon translational research to ARS and commercial sector • Redefine our role in translational research and education Redefine our role in translational research and education While there is very little funding for translational research There is some: USDA-NRI 52.1 Plant Genome (D): Applied Plant Genomics Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) Maize Translational Research and Education Collaborative (Maize-TREC) Principle Investigators: Rex Bernardo Martin Bohn Natalia de Leon Thomas Lubberstedt Torbert Rocheford Patrick Schnable Margaret Smith Maize-TREC Reestablish leadership in development of quantitative genetic models, development of innovative breeding methods, release of useful germplasm resources, and educating the next generation of plant breeders. Integrated research (40%), educational (40%) and extension (20%) projects that identify, validate, and exploit the genetic bases of adaptation in maize. Maize-TREC: Specific Objectives Identify functional alleles (haplotypes) responsible for adaptation of maize to production agricultural environments. Assign breeding values to functional adaptation alleles (haplotypes) in multiple environmental and genetic backgrounds. Develop and test methods to rapidly accumulate adaptation alleles in unadapted populations. Integrate the use of ‘omics’ based information into plant breeding methods curricula. Prepare the next generation of plant breeders for teambased research. Diversify the educational base of plant breeding graduate students. Develop a sustainable funding model for translational research and education in the plant sciences. Hypothesis: Maize Adaptation Traits are Oligogenic Evidence: Limited number of adaptation traits photoperiod, ear-height, grain quality, prolificacy, anthesis-silking interval, disease resistance, late season stalk strength Population Genetic Theory + Movement of maize from C.A. to N.A. in ~ 5,000 years. Emergence of novel architecture (leaf angle) to high density planting in 5 cycles of recurrent selection of BSSS. Adaptation of Suwan1 and Tuson to photoperiod in 5 & 10 generations of recurrent selection. QTL and association genetic studies on adaptation traits If adaptation traits are oligogenic, What is the best breeding strategy to adapt landraces to MW production agriculture? Case 1: Absence of genetic information Case 2: Genetic information and htp genotyping 1-2 adaptation alleles per locus, 5-6 loci per trait, 9-10 traits = 50-100 adaptation genes => ~0.1% of the functional genome. Case 1: In the absence of genetic information. The GEM Allelic Diversity Breeding Method Winter 1 ExPVP x Exotic Race Make F1 Summer 1 ExPVP x (ExPVP x Exotic Race) Make BC1 Summer 2 ExPVP x (ExPVP x Exotic Race) BC1F1 Self (or Make Double Haploid) Winter 3 ExPVP x (ExPVP x Exotic Race) BC1F2 Result: Lose 75% of genetic variability to fix 0.1% of the loci M. Blanco USDA-ARS Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (C0) Fix 0.1% of the genome while maintaining genetic variability in the remaining 99.9% Chromosome 2 Chromosome 3 Markers Markers Markers Chr 4 Markers Chr 5 Markers Chr 6 Chromosome 7 Markers Markers Chromosome 8 Chr 9 Chr 10 Markers Markers Mks Lines Chromosome 1 S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences Donor Recurrent Population Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (C1) Fix 0.1% of the genome while maintaining genetic variability in the remaining 99.9% Chromosome 1 Chromosome 2 Chromosome 3 Markers Markers Chr 4 Markers Chr 5 Markers Chr 6 Markers Chromosome 7 Markers Chromosome 8 Chr 9 Chr 10 Markers Markers Mks Lines Markers S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences Donor Recurrent Population Marker Assisted Recurrent Selection (C2) Fix 0.1% of the genome while maintaining genetic variability in the remaining 99.9% Chr 2 Chr 3 Chr 4 Chr 5 Markers Markers Markers Markers Markers Chr 6 Markers Chr 7 Chr 8 Chr 9 Chr 10 Markers Markers Markers Mks Lines Chromosome 1 S. Kumpatla Dow AgroSciences Donor Recurrent Population If adaptation is oligogenic, What is the best breeding strategy to adapt landraces to MW production agriculture… even with genetic information and htp genotyping, Is MAB/MAS the most effective and efficient? Evaluate DGt in a Cost/Benefit context Simulation modeling Operations Research linear programming control systems engineering Maize-TREC: Specific Objectives Identify functional alleles (haplotypes) responsible for adaptation of maize to production agricultural environments. Assign breeding values to functional adaptation alleles (haplotypes) in multiple environmental and genetic backgrounds. Develop and test methods to rapidly accumulate adaptation alleles in unadapted populations. Integrate the use of ‘omics’ based information into plant breeding methods curricula. Prepare the next generation of plant breeders for teambased research. Diversify the educational base of plant breeding graduate students. Develop a sustainable funding model for translational research and education in the plant sciences. Acknowledgements Principle Investigators: Rex Bernardo Martin Bohn Natalia de Leon Thomas Lubberstedt Torbert Rocheford Patrick Schnable Margaret Smith Pioneer Hi-Bred: Mark Cooper David Bubeck Geoff Graham Bill Niebur Monsanto Sam Eathington Ted Crosbie Dow AgroSciences Siva Kumpatla Sam Reddy USDA-ARS Ames Jode Edwards Candy Gardner Mike Blanco Mark Millard USDA-ARS Ithaca Ed Buckler USDA-ARS, Raleigh Jim Holland Iowa State University Chuck Hurburgh Kendall Lamkey Uschi Frei Lizhi Wang