Transcript United Nations Economic Commission for Europe The UN/CEFACT Strategy Information Exchange in Global Supply Chains Virginia Cram-MartosDirector, Trade and Timber Division.

United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe
The UN/CEFACT Strategy
Information Exchange in
Global Supply Chains
Virginia Cram-Martos
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Director, Trade and Timber Division
This Presentation
• Introductory Background
• Public-Private Stakeholders
• Integrated Strategy
• Collaboration Framework
2
UNECE Work Areas
Economic cooperation
Transport
Housing
Statistics
Trade
Sustainable
energy
Environmental policy
Timber &
Forestry
There is an Imperative Need
for Trade & Transport Facilitation in order to
• Create dynamic gains and spill over effects into
the economy
• Bolster trade: The IMF suggests that reducing
transport
and trade related constraints in
MENA countries to equal the world average
could increase exports by approximately 10%
The scope of trade liberalisation also needs to
expand to include services – and especially those
linked to trade such as transport and finance
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UNECE : Three Pronged Approach to TF
Transport policies &
infrastructure
Facilitating Trade
Flows
Standards
Development
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Transport
1. Harmonizes traffic regulations and
signs
road
2. Promotes road safety.
3. Manages the World Forum for
Harmonization of Vehicle
Regulations.
4. Facilitates the international
movement of goods by negotiating
conventions to simplify and harmonize
procedures at border crossings,
including the Convention on
International Road Transport (TIR)
1975.
specific
signed in
5. Synchronizes transport infrastructure
6. Makes recommendations covering the transport
of dangerous goods, including hazardous
wastes and substances.
Trade
1. Develops effective international traderelated instruments, norms,
standards and recommendations,
for the global economy
2. Reduces barriers to trade in goods
and services in all countries,
through greater implementation of
international and UNECE norms,
standards, and recommendations
3. Facilitates trade policy development
through provision of an international
platform for the exchange of views,
particularly for the benefit of countries
with economies in transition
UNITED NATIONS CENTRE
FOR
TRADE FACILITATION
AND
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS
SIMPLE,
TRANSPARENT
AND
EFFECTIVE
PROCESSES
FOR
GLOBAL BUSINESS
UN/CEFACT Fundamentals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Intergovernmental
Public-private sector collaboration
Global remit
Multidisciplinary
Consensus-driven
Recommendations / Standards
Real-world solutions-oriented
Free to participate / to use outcomes
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UN/CEFACT Structure
UN/CEFACT Plenary
Plenary Chair
___________________
Bureau
UNECE
Secretariat
FMG
UN/CEFACT Forum
Forum
Management
Group
International Trade
and Business
Processes Group
Applied Technology
Group
Information Content
Management Group
Techniques and
Methodologies Group
Legal Group
Domains: Accounting & Audit - Agriculture - Architecture, Engineering & Construction - Business Process Analysis - Customs eGovernment - Electronic Trade Documents - Environmental Management - Finance - Harmonization - Health Care Insurance - International Trade Procedures - Supply Chain - Transport - Travel, Tourism and Leisure
22 April 2009
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Collaboration
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
on Electronic Business
• Avoid divergent and conflicting approaches
to standardization
• Eliminate duplication of effort
• Provide a clear roadmap for users
• Ensure intersectoral coherence in the field
of electronic business
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The International Supply Chain
BUY
Prepare
for
Export
Commercial
Procedures
Export
Transport
Procedures
PAY
SHIP
Transport
Prepare
for
Import
Regulatory
Procedures
Import
Financial
Procedures
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Analysing the Business Processes
BUY
Prepare
for Export
Commercial
Procedures
•Procurement / Invoice
•Establish Sales Contract
•Order Goods
•Advise On Delivery
•Request Payment
Export
SHIP
PAY
Transport
Prepare
for Import
Transport
Procedures
•Establish Transport
Contract
•Collect Transport and
Deliver Goods
•Provide Waybills, Goods
Receipts Status Reports
Regulatory
Procedures
• Obtain Import/Export
Licences
• Provide Customs Declarations
• Provide Cargo Declarations
• Apply Trade Security
Procedures
• Clear Goods for
Import/Export
Import
Financial
Procedures
•Provide Credit Rating
•Provide Insurance
•Provide Credit
•Execute Payment
•Issue Statements
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Interoperability: Core Components
and Process Models
BUY
Prepare
for Export
Commercial
Procedures
party
details
Export
Transport
Procedures
payment
details
SHIP
PAY
Transport
Prepare
for Import
Regulatory
Procedures
trade item
details
Import
Financial
Procedures
consignment
item.details
Customs
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declaration
details
Efficiency and Security for Trade
Trade bottlenecks :
- High transaction costs in trade
- Many documents and signatures
- Cumbersome procedures
-
-
Need for reform and
modernization of border agencies
Lack of transparency
Difficult to meet requirement of
international standards
Lack of trust between public and
private sector
Ports and border-crossings are
bottlenecks
Rent-seeking and corruption
Source: National Board of Trade (2009) Trade
facilitation and maritime transport
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Trade Facilitation and Electronic
Business
 Addressed through a unified strategy
dealing with common processes that
support business and government, across
sectoral domains and across countries

 Based on re-usable building blocks from a
framework of technical standards that
support business standards that support
trade facilitation recommendations
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UN/CEFACT Approach
Applies a total transaction approach when
working for the elimination of constraints
Simplifies procedures and documents,
encompassing both border-crossing and other
government and commercial processes
Captures business knowledge in process and
information models
Maps these models to new information
technologies as they emerge
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UN/CEFACT Key Work Area #1
Facilitating national & international
trading & business transactions
by working towards the elimination
of constraints
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UN/CEFACT Key Work Area #2
Engaging in open dialogue to achieve
improved coordination and cooperation
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UN/CEFACT Key Work Area #3
Improving the ability of business, trade
and administrative organizations to
exchange products and relevant
services effectively
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ECE TF Standards for Single Windows
Electronic Documents
Supply Chain Data
Model
Documentation
simplification
Business Process
Analysis
ECert, Cross
Border Invoice,
Material Safety
Sheet
Core Component
Library
UN Layout Key
UN
Recommendations
on Codes
UN Modelling
Methodology
(UMM)
ECE TF Standards for Single Windows
Electronic Documents
Supply Chain Data
Model
Documentation
simplification
Business Process
Analysis
ECert, Cross
Border Invoice,
Material Safety
Sheet
Core Component
Library
UN Layout Key
UN
Recommendations
on Codes
UN Modelling
Methodology
(UMM)
Standards: UN Layout Key
UN Layout Key (UNLK)
A standard and template for aligning international
trade documents
Cross-Sector Transaction Data
(mainly business driven)
Sector Specific Detail
goods items, order line items ...
Document Function Specific
(Free Text Area)
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Rec:19 Mode of
Transport
Rec:16
UN/Locode
ISO Country
Code
Rec: 17
Payment
Terms
Rec:9
Currency Code
Commodity
Code
Rec: 28
Means of
Transport
Rec: 21
Package Codes
Rec:20 Units of
Standards: UNTDED
United Nations Trade Data Elements Directory:
ISO 7372
• Developed to provide a Directory to facilitate open
interchange of data in international trade
• Standard data element names with description of
meaning (data value) and a specification of character
representation
• Fully consistent with UN/EDIFACT
• Multimodal & multisectoral
• Technology & syntax independent
• ebXML Core Components Technical Specification
Standards: UN/EDIFACT
• Over 200 standard messages for global trade
• Customs (Source: EU-TAXUD):
– 175 Million Customs Declarations per year
• 480‘000 per day
• 333 per minute
• 5.5 per second
• Fiscal Declarations (Source EDIFICAS, France):
– 1987 - 100 companies
– 2004 - 1 million companies
• 92% of VAT collected using EDIFACT
• 45% of revenues collected by the French
Government
Standards: ebXML (ISO 15000)
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
Business Process Models
Business Requirements Specifications-BRS
Requirements Specification Mapping-RSM
Core Component Technical Specifications
Core Component Libraries
Core Component Harmonisation
Naming & Design Rules
Schema Generation
Business Requirement Specifications
Accounting Journal List / Accounting Ledger / Accounting Reporting
Accounting in Supply Chain Process / Accounting Message
BoostAero Supply Chain Business
Chart of Accounts
Crop Data Sheet Process (eDAPLOS)
Cross Industry Invoice
Cross Industry Quotation
Cross Industry Remittance Advice
Electronic Agreement Template and Process
Electronic Data Exchange Proxy
e-Tendering
Export Specification (eCert)
International Forwarding And Transfer
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Information
Project Schedule and Cost Performance Management
Small Scaled Lodging House Travel Product Information
Sourcing of Market Survey information
Transfer of Digital Records
Transfrontier Movement of Waste
Universal Accounting Journal Process
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UN/CEFACT and Customs
• UNEDIFACT - WCO First major adopter
– Customs goods declaration - CUSDEC
– Cargo report - CUSCAR
• WCO Data Model v3.0
– UN/CEFACT participated in Project Team
– Government Cross Border Regulatory
Message – GOVCBR
– Largest single submission to UN/CEFACT helps customs administrations implement, for
example, Single Windows
UNECE: Facilitating Trade Flows
Simplified and harmonized trade
documents, processes, procedures flows
throughout the supply chain
Increased transparency and
public/private partnership in the design of
trade documents, procedure and processes
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UNECE: Comprehensive Treatment
National
Regional
International
Implementing international standards and best practices at
the national level facilitates integration at regional and 31
international levels
UNECE UN/CEFACT
Recommendations/
Standards
Development and
Maintenance
(These are
instruments that
can be used for
compliance with
WTO rules)
UNECE in partnership
with other
organizations
UNCTAD, WB,
UNIDO, UNDP,
others
Capacity Building
(Helping governments
elaborate TF
strategies, where
appropriate in
compliance with WTO
rules)
Technical
Assistance
(To implement
national strategies Done by other
agencies – UNECE
does not provide long
term TA)
WTO
Develops rules such as those for minimum transparency, equal
treatment and, perhaps in the future, for simplified procedures
(however, WTO does not develop the recommendations and
instruments needed for implementation)
Thank you
Virginia Cram-Martos
Director Trade and Timber Division
http:/www.unece.org/trade
[email protected]
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