Transcript Divided by a common language … Lorcán Ó Díomásaigh • Meetings are informal in style and begin and end with social conversation.

Divided by a common
language …
Lorcán Ó Díomásaigh
• Meetings are informal in style and begin and end
with social conversation. Participants are expected
to make a contribution, if only questions and not
necessarily in their specialist area.
• It is not usual for everyone to be well prepared
• Even when papers are previously distributed they
will not always be read.
• Lack of preparation does not inhibit the passing of
opinion and judgement.
Overview
• Part 1 – some obvious statements about
scale
• Part 2 – some recent areas of development
• Part 3 – some conclusions
Ohio State University
• People
– 55,233 students
– 4,522 faculty members
– 8,569 administrative
and professional staff
• Programs
– 176 Undergraduate
Majors
– 122 Programs Leading
to the Master's
– 98 programs Leading to
the Doctorate
2000/1
Ohio State University
• IT
• Library
– Internet 2
– 5.5 m volumes
– Distributes 1M emails a
day (8 gigabytes)
– 46K serials
– $13M materials budget
– 1,350 modem lines
– $13M salaries budget
– 22,500 telephone lines,
14,000 lan outlets,
6,500 cable TV outlets,
82 miles copper cabling,
70 miles fibre, 11 miles
TV coax cable
– Learning technology
2000/1
2002
OSU
USA top 20
UK top 20
USA and UK top 20 library budgets 98/99
Lever of collective action
• UK
– Public funding
– Great leverage from
funneled funding
– Visibility and national
scope
– Continuity between
consensus making,
funding and operational
capacity
• US
– Dispersed and
intermittently connected
consensus making,
funding and operational
capacity
Part 2 – coevolving in a shared network
space*
Articulation
Portals
Research
and
learning
Repositories
Environment
Institutional
organization
“Cyberinfrastructure” report recommends:
• New INITIATIVE to revolutionize science and engineering
research at NSF and worldwide to capitalize on new
computing and communications opportunities
– 21st Century Cyberinfrastructure includes supercomputing, but also
massive storage, networking, software, collaboration, visualization,
and human resources
– Current centers (NCSA, SDSC, PSC) are a key resource
– Budget estimate: incremental $650M/year (continuing)
Revolutionizing science and
engineering through
cyberinfrastructure:report of the
NSF blue ribbon advisory panel on
cyberinfrastructure
Dan Atkins et al.
Components of CI-enabled science &
engineering
High-performance computing
for modeling, simulation, data
processing/mining
Humans
Individual &
Group Interfaces
& Visualization
Collaboration
Services
Instruments for
observation and
characterization.
Global
Connectivity
Physical World
Facilities for activation,
manipulation and
construction
Knowledge management
institutions for collection building
and curation of data, information,
literature, digital objects
Atkins report
Learning
… it is likely that a large part of the
student and teacher experience will be
managed within a systems framework
which manages the learning life-cycle
and interfaces to multiple systems and
services.
Neil Mclean, pro-vice Chancellor
e-learning and information services, Macquarrie University

All learning material produced by commercial suppliers,
teachers and the community for ‘UK Education’ will be
available from shared repositories in a range of levels of
granularity (content objects to courses).
 Teacher and learner will be ‘active’ in the customisation
of on line content
 Teacher and learner can select the most appropriate
exemplar material from seemingly infinite choices of
educational content.
 Teachers will not duplicate the production of existing
material.
Church and Jeyes, North Lincs College
Learning and libraries
• LMS is the learning habitat
• Need to surface information services there,
folding them into the learning experience
– Games, simulations, quizzez, …
– Reading lists, reserves, …
• Value
• IMS, OKI
AUDIT
RESOLVE
MANAGE RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS
GATHER
PUBLISH
STORE
MANAGE
Presentation
REQUEST
Mediation
ALERT
EXPOSE
DELIVER
Provision
Assets
Metadata
AUTHORISE
CONTROL ACCESS
SEARCH
USE
Procurement
Access Management
DISCOVER
ACCESS
(Query, Browse, Follow Path)
MAKE PAYMENT
AUTHENTICATE
Agent
Resource Utilizers
Repositories
Directories
Organizations
STORE
Infoseeker
NEGOTIATE TRADE
People
Creator
Learner
MANAGE
Registries
Repositories
Traders
EXPOSE
Metadata
STORE
Competency
MANAGE
Vocabulary
EXPOSE
Research and learning
• Research and learning behavior is increasingly
entering the network space
• Major institutional and programmatic investment in
research and learning support
• Multiple technical and professional domains
• Raises interesting questions about service
convergence and organizational support
• How to deliver ‘service on demand’ within ‘portals’
or user environments
• (Humanities and SS)
Repositories
• Manage
– Special collections, cultural and scientific
heritage, images, archives, …
– Institutional intellectual output
• Learning objects/materials
• E-prints
• Research data
• ETDs
•…
Knowledge bank – OSU – in planning
“… the Knowledge Bank can be said to include the
full array of digital assets and information services
available to or being created by OSU faculty, staff,
and students. The Knowledge Bank is envisioned
both as a ‘referatory’ providing links to digital objects
and a ‘repository’ capable of archiving the increasing
volume of digital content created at OSU for longterm use, dissemination, and preservation. In this
way, the knowledge bank will help the University
exercise responsible stewardship of its intellectual
assets while fostering the creation of new
knowledge.”
April 26 2002. A proposal for the development of an OSU knowledge bank
Clash of Cultures
Source: http://www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/clash
Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy Supplementary Material Archives
Source: http://msa.lib.ohio-state.edu/jmsa_hp.htm
Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD) Motion Capture Lab
Source: http://www.accad.ohio-state.edu/mocap/mocap_info.htm
Institutional intellectual assets
• Reputation management
– Interesting interaction between
• Devolved scholarly authority to contribute to discipline
• Managed university approach to asset and reputation
management
• Curatorial responsibility to the ‘intellectual record’
• Enrich the discourse of scholarly communication
– Surface rich resources
– New opportunities for access, analysis, re-use
Digitization
• ‘The virtual is the real’
• Drive selective digitization.
• Developing body of best practice
• How to connect institutional activity with
overall pattern?
• Developing apparatus to coordinate
development (e.g. DLF/OCLC registry)
General repository issues
• Early in development stages
– The expense of learning
• The Greenhouse effect?
– Special funding
• Reallocation of internal costs?
– Choice of priorities
General repository issues
• Processes and systems organized around
a different logic
• Unique ‘unpublished’
materials
• Non-unique, published
materials
• Serving
• Consuming
• A complex service
apparatus in place
General repository issues
• Is current vertical organization sustainable?
• What will be split out into third party services?
– Harvesting
– Metadata creation?
– Digitization?
– Serving?
– Archiving?
• On campus and wider
• Economy and ecology of this wider environment
under construction
General repository issues
• Long term ownership costs unknown
• “Mission critical liabilities”
• Balance between scholarly needs and
management needs
– Actuarial perspective
– ‘Ingestible’
– Secure the value of investment
Repositories – rights management
• ‘Lock’ – first generation
• Levels and roles – second generation
Renato Iannella
Portals
“All vogue words tend to share a similar fate: the
more experiences they pretend to make
transparent, the more they themselves become
opaque. ” Zygmunt Bauman
Library portal
• How the library mediates the engagement of
users and resources in a network
environment
Institutional
repository
Commercial
resource
Resource 2
Resource 4
Environment
directories
Rights
managemen
t
Identity
management
Community
repository
Request
Terminology
services
Delivery
Harvesting data
V. Ref
Resolution
Annotation
Presentation
Distributed query
Syndication
Notification
Resources
Resources
Resources
Resources
Mediation
Application
services
Utility
services
User services
Presentation
Presentation
Presentation
Presentation
Presentation
Library portal
Presentation
Game, simulation, quiz, …
Presentation
Digital lab-book
Presentation
Exhibition
Presentation
Learning management system
Presentation
Grid portal?
Presentation
Disciplinary portal
Presentation
Personal or group ‘portfolio’
Service on demand – ‘threads/channels’
• Do a comprehensive literature
search
• Can I comment on this
resource
• Find 20 most heavily used
resources on ..
• Can I create a reading list
• Generate a reading list
• What general material can I get
this afternoon on …
• Can you answer this question
• Can you recommend some
starting points for ..
• Find commentaries on …
• I need images of x which I
can use for this purpose
• Who are the most cited
authors on the web in x
• Can I look for engineering
drawings, previous
experimental design,…
Portals
• Supplier driven view … the wrong answer to the
wrong question?
• Recombinant ‘channels’
– Institutional or subject portal
– Portfolio (configured to person, group, …)
– Channels (surface in space of user)
• What is the role of directory services and portal
utilities?
• Architecture?
Interoperability
• Recombinant potential
– Disaggregating scholarly
publishing
• Linking, Identifiers
– ‘Play’ learning objects
• Packaged
– Federated searching
• Fusing metadata
– Processing content
• Structured documents
– Ingesting content
– Surface service channels
• Examples
– Can I add a document
to a repository?
– Can I add a repository
to a distributed query?
– Can I fuse metadata
from one repository with
another?
– Metadata is not just for
discovery (objects,
services, organizations,
policies, …)
Institutional organization (Neil Mclean)
“For the last decade, universities have been grappling
with the growing complexities arising out of the
pervasive influence of information and communication
technologies. The underlying preoccupation has been
with the means of managing the IT infrastructure
supporting
academic
computing,
administrative
systems and library systems. Each domain has had its
own particular challenges with issues of reliability and
cost-effectiveness being constant themes.
The
growing interdependence of the various systems
environments led to a focus on organisational
restructuring as a solution to a range of political and
functional problems.
Towards the end of the decade, it become apparent
that organisational restructuring in itself was not
the answer. Put simply, the bringing together of
libraries, IT services, management information
systems and (sometimes) flexible learning centres
has not necessarily lead to better service outcomes.
There have been many examples of tightly
converged organisational structures which have
failed to demonstrate noticeable changes in existing
service cultures and, conversely, there have been
examples of rather disparate organisational
structures demonstrating highly innovative service
solutions.”
Organization
• ‘Content management
systems’
• Authentication/
authorization
• Learning content management
• Directory
• Learning management
• Library system
• Rights
management
• Manifold research repositories
• Manifold portals
• Manifold digital library systems
• Intranet/groupware/communica
tions
• Enterprise data management
Environment
• In the shared network space we move from
vertical organization around collection to
horizontal organization around process and
user need.
• There may be economies through
– Removing redundancy
– Cooperative processing
– Creating a shared resource
Third party services
• Shared cataloging
• Directory services (services, users, rights,
organizations, policies – e.g. ILL)
• Archiving services (e.g. Data Archive)
• Authentication (Athens)
• Resolution services?
• Hosting services
• Harvesting services
An environment is …
• A set of network services which work within
particular technical and business constraints.
– Jisc information environment
– ‘Portal’
– Intranet
For
Example …
Institutional
e - print
archives
Non - institutional
e - print
archives
Personal
e - print
archives
OAI - PMH
Subject
classification
service
Name
authority
service
SOAP
E-Prints UK
Citation
analysis
service
JISC FAIR program
SOAP
Javascript
Z39.50
RDN
RDN
gateway/portal
gateway/portal
service
service
RDN
Gateway
/HTTP
Environments
• Needed to support research and learning
• Stretch services in new ways which cross
organizational and institutional boundaries
– On campus
– Within wider groupings
• Multiple relationships
Conclusions – assist change
• JISC
– Consensus making
– Funding and frameworks
– Operational leverage
– National visibility and scope
– Needs to sustain institutional ownership
– Encourage institutional development
Conclusions - change
• US
– Consensus making, funding, and operational
activity more intermittently connected
– More peaks – creative and productive local
institutions
– ARL, CNI, DLF, IMLS, NSF, Mellon, RLG,
OCLC, …
Conclusions
• Engagement with the fabric of research and
learning
– Rich experience
– Institution-building