Transcript Property Value Jarred McGinnis Research Scientist Assistant May 13, 2002 Motivation • In the component library, There exists entities and events and relations between the two •

Property Value
Jarred McGinnis
Research Scientist Assistant
May 13, 2002
1
Motivation
• In the component library, There exists
entities and events and relations
between the two
• Allows the representation of things that
exist and occur
• The need to express more more
developed and richer representations of
entities and events
2
Outline
I.
Property Value Basics
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Appearance in Shaken
Constraints
Increase and Decrease
Open Issues
3
Why Properties are not Entities
•
•
•
•
•
Entities are independent
Properties are not independent
Dependent on entities and events
Entities are derived from nouns
Properties arise from adjectives and
adverbs
4
Inventory
From node property To node
Entity
age
Age-Value
Entity
animacy
Animacy-Value
Tangible-Entity area
Area-Value
Tangible-Entity breakability Breakability-Value
Tangible-Entity brightness Brightness-Value
Tangible-Entity capacity
Capacity-Value
Tangible-Entity color
Color-Value
Tangible-Entity consistency Consistency-Value
Tangible-Entity density
Density-Value
Tangible-Entity depth
Depth-Value
Event
direction
Direction-Value
Event
distance
Distance-Value
Event
duration
Duration-Value
Event
frequency Frequency-Value
Tangible-Entity height
Height-Value
Tangible-Entity integrity
Integrity-Value
Tangible-Entity length
Length-Value
Event
manner
Manner-Value
Tangible-Entity mass
Mass-Value
Chemical-Object pH
PH-Value
Chemical-Object polarity
Polarity-Value
Event
rate
Rate-Value
Organism
sentience
Sentience-Value
Organism
sex
Sex-Value
Tangible-Entity shape
Shape-Value
Tangible-Entity size
Size-Value
Tangible-Entity smell
Smell-Value
Tangible-Entity taste
Taste-Value
Tangible-Entity temperature Temperature-Value
Tangible-Entity texture
Texture-Value
Tangible-Entity thickness
Thickness-Value
Tangible-Entity volume
Volume-Value
Tangible-Entity wetness
Wetness-Value
Tangible-Entity width
Width-Value
5
Property-Group Hierarchy
• Property-Group
– Constant
• Age-Constant
– *old
– Property-Value
• Age-Value
– Scale
• Age-Scale
– *young-old-scale
– Unit of Measurement
• UoM-Area
– *square-inch
6
Three Kinds of Properties
• Cardinal
– (:pair <number> <unit of measurement>)
o
– Ex: 5 Celsius
• Scalar
– (:pair <constant> <class>)
– Ex: a truck is wide with respect to cars
• Categorical
– (<constant>)
– Ex: red shirt
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Scales and Scalars
Cold to Hot scale (:seq *cold *warm *hot)
Freezing to Boiling scale (:seq *freezing *cold *warm *hot *boiling)
8
Representation in KM
(*yourshirt has (instance-of (Object))
(color ((a Color-Value with
(value (*white))
))
)
)
• constants go to values, values go to properties
9
Single Value with Multiple
Representations
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value
((:pair 20 *Celsius)
(:pair *cold Drink)
(:pair *hot Ice)
))))))
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Less than/Greater than/Same as
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value
((:pair 20 *Celsius)
(:pair *cold Drink)
(:pair *hot Ice)))
(less-than
(the temperature of *myhotwater))
)))
11
Outline
I.
II.
Property Value Basics
Appearance in Shaken
III. Constraints
IV. Increase and Decrease
V. Open Issues
12
Appearance in Shaken
• Link a concept to a property value via a
property arc
• Add specific information about the
property value
• Encode information comparing two
property values
13
Results of adding Values to a Property
14
Comparison of Property Values
15
Outline
I. Property Value Basics
II. Appearance in Shaken
III. Constraints
IV. Increase and Decrease
V. Open Issues
16
Constraints
• Syntax
– the value formats are legal
• Semantic
– the input is meaningful and relevant
• Bounds Checking
– The value is within a user defined range
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Constraints (Context)
(Property-Value has
(min-value (constraint . . .
(value
(constraint . . .
(max-value (constraint . . .
)
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Example
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value
((:pair 20 *Celsius)
(:pair *cold Drink)
(:pair *hot Ice)
))))))
19
Constraints (Syntax)
(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self)))
then (
((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
(
and
(oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the2 of TheValue))))
or
((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
else (
(oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers TheValue))))
))))
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Constraints (Syntax)
(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self)))
then (
((20) isa Number)
(
and
(oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the2 of TheValue))))
or
((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
else (
(oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers TheValue))))
))))
21
Constraints (Semantic)
(temperature has (instance-of (Property))
(superslots ())
(subslots ())
(domain (Tangible-Entity))
(range (Temperature-Value))
(scale-class (Temperature-Scale))
(scalar-constant-class (Temperature-Constant))
(cardinal-unit-class (UoM-Temperature))
(inverse (temperature-of))
(fluent-status (*Inertial-Fluent))
(situation-specific (t))
(cardinality (N-to-N)))
22
Property-Group Hierarchy
• Property-Group
– Constant
• Temperature-Constant
– *hot
– Property-Value
• Temperature-Value
– Scale
• Temperature-Scale
– *hot-cold-scale
– Unit of Measurement
• UoM-Temperature
– *Fahrenheit
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Constraints (Context)
(Property-Value has
(property-slot ((the range-of of
(the instance-of of Self))))
(property-of-slot ((the domain-of of
(the instance-of of Self))))
(min-value (constraint . . .
(value
(constraint . . .
(max-value (constraint . . .
)
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Example
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value
((:pair 20 *Celsius)
(:pair *cold Drink)
(:pair *hot Ice)
))))))
25
Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)
(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self)))
then (
(((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
and
(oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the2 of TheValue))))
or
((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
else (
(oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers TheValue))))
))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)
(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self)))
then (
(((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
and
(oneof (the cardinal-unit-class of
(temperature))
where (It covers (the2 of TheValue))))
or
((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
else (
(oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers TheValue))))
))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Cardinal)
(constraint (
(if (has-value (the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self)))
then (
(((the1 of TheValue) isa Number)
and
(oneof (UoM-Temperature)
where (It covers (*Celsius))))
or
((oneof (the scalar-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
else (
(oneof (the categorical-constant-class of (the property-slot of Self))
where (It covers TheValue))))
))))
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
•
(:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
29
Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
temperature)
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
•
(:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(Temperature-Constant)
where
(It covers *cold <*hot>))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self)))))
•
(:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
((the2 of TheValue) is-subsumed-by
(the domain of (the property-slot of Self))
)))
•
(:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Constraints (Semantic, Scalar)
((oneof
(the scalar-constant-class of
(the property-slot of Self))
where
(It covers (the1 of TheValue)))
and
(Drink <Ice> is-subsumed-by
Tangible-Entity)
)))
•
(:pair *cold Drink) (:pair *hot Ice)
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Example
(*mywater has (instance-of (Drink))
temperature ((a Temperature-Value
with (value
((:pair 20 *Celsius)
(:pair *cold Drink)
(:pair *hot Ice)))
(min-value
((:pair –32 *Fahrenheit)
(:pair *freezing Drink)))
(max-value
((:pair 173 *Kelvin)
(:pair *boiling Drink)))
))))
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Constraints (Bounding)
• Written in Lisp
• Determine whether the bounding value is a
cardinal, scalar or non-existent
• Returns t if bounds are respected or value
does not exist
• Returns nil if bounds are compromised
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Constraints (Bounding,
Cardinals)
• Calls Novak conversion program
• Compares the values (the value should be
greater than the minimum value but less than
the maximum value
• Temperature values require a special function
call
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Constraints (Bounding,
Scalars)
• Find a value with the same reference class
• Find the first instance of a Scale that contains
the constant from the value and bounding
value
• Compare the position of each constant in the
scale (the value should have a higher position
than the min-value but a lower position than
the max-value’s constant)
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Outline
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Property Value Basics
Appearance in Shaken
Constraints
Increase and Decrease
V.
Open Issues
38
Increase/Decrease
•
•
•
Slots of an Inc/Dec action are an
object and a property of that object
whose value is to be Inc/Dec
New value will be greater-than/Lessthan the old value
Unique names for particular Inc/Dec
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Increase / Decrease
Property (Increase/Decrease)
Age (-/Age)
Area(Contract/Expand)
Brightness(Dim/Brighten)
Length(Shorten/Lengthen)
Temperature(Cool/Heat)
(every Heat has-definition
(instance-of (Increase))
(property (temperature)))
Wetness(Dry/Wet)
Width(Narrow/Widen)
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Increase / Decrease
(*mytea has (instance-of (Substance))
(temperature (*myteatemperature)))
(*myteatemperature has (instance-of
(Temperature-Value))
(value ((:pair *cool Substance))))
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Increase / Decrease
[_Situation2] KM> (a Increase with (object (*mytea))
(property (temperature)))
(COMMENT: _Increase3 satisfies definition of Heat,)
(COMMENT: so changing _Increase3's classes from (Increase) to
(Heat))
(_Increase3 #|"a Heat"|#)
[_Situation2] KM> (do-and-next (thelast Heat))
(_Situation5)
[_Situation5] KM> (the greater-than of (the temperature of
*mytea))
(*myteatemperature)
42
Outline
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Property Value Basics
Appearance in Shaken
Constraints
Increase and Decrease
Open Issues
43
Open Issues
• Full implementation of Increase and Decrease
– Including integration with Shaken
• User-defined properties, constants, scales
and actions that involve properties
• Full implementation of bounding
– Back-end support
• Much stronger use of scales
– Relating scales to cardinals
• (ex: *hot Drink = ? *Celsius)
– Possibility of a non-inclusive scale
– Discrete scales vs. Non
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References
• Ken Barker. Shaken Properties and Values.
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_notes/gpd
01040201-Properties.html
• Ken Barker. An Inventory of Entity Properties.
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kbarker/working_notes/pro
perties.html
• Guarino, Nicola and Welty, Christopher. 2001 Identity
and Subsumption. LADSEB-CNR Internal Report
01/2001
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