Transcript A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP WITH CITIES TO MEET THE CHALLENGE OF PRO-POOR POLICIES AND PROSPEROUS CITIES WITHOUT SLUMS www.cities alliance.org.

A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP
WITH CITIES TO MEET
THE CHALLENGE OF
PRO-POOR POLICIES AND
PROSPEROUS CITIES
WITHOUT SLUMS
www.cities alliance.org
City Development Strategies : the
principles and the process
www.citiesalliance.org
Strengthening Urban Management, WBI
ASCI / WBI, Hyderabad, January 2003
The Cities
A l l i a n c e
Cities Alliance and
City Development Strategies : the principles
and the process
1.
Sustainable Cities in the globalising world
2.
What is Cities Alliance ?
3.
What is a City Development Strategy ?
(how is it different from a Master Plan?)
4.
Five steps in the process
5.
Critical factors of success
www.citiesalliance.org
Sustainable Cities
The Cities
A l l i a n c e
… have …
 robust economies that support jobs for all,
especially the poor
 open, transparent governance with
participation and accountability
 financial health and resources for much of their
investment needs
 adequate shelter, facilities and a healthful,
livable environment
www.citiesalliance.org
The Cities
A l l i a n c e
Global trends have changed the role of
cities and their ways of doing business,
and cities must plan strategically...
• Decentralization is placing more responsibility
on cities
• Democratization requires a more prepared,
more involved citizenry
• Globalization means cities are playing out
economic fortunes on a global stage.
What is Cities Alliance ?
The Alliance was conceived to expand the level
of resources reaching the urban poor by :
 improving the coherence of current urban
programmes
 directly linking grant-funded urban
development cooperation with investment
follow-up by the World Bank, ADB
and/or other investment partners
CITIES ALLIANCE
CONSULTATIVE GROUP
Local Authority
Organizations
UTO
IULA
METROPOLIS
WACLAC
GERMANY
NORWAY
ITALY
SWEDEN
Bilateral Organizations
CANADA
JAPAN
UNITED KINGDOM
FRANCE
NETHERLANDS
UNITED STATES
Multilateral Organizations
UNCHS (HABITAT)
POLICY ADVISORY
BOARD
WORLD BANK
ASIAN DEV. BANK
SECRETARIAT
The goal is to make unprecedented
improvements in the living
conditions of the urban poor through
collective action in two key areas:
 City development strategies which reflect a
shared vision for the city’s future and local
priorities for action to reduce urban poverty.
 Up-scaling slum upgrading : citywide and nationwide
Cities Alliance : CDS and Slum Upgrading Projects
CDS
Upgrading
Cities Alliance and City Development Strategies
 Cities Alliance today supports 21 CDSinitiatives, involving 60 cities worldwide
 Cities Alliance members Japan, World
Bank and UN-Habitat are supporting an
additional 29 cities, mainly in Asia
What is a City Development Strategy?
Definition :
a tool to help achieve
sustainable urban development
ie. “sustainable cities”
What is a City Development Strategy?
A City Development Strategy, CDS, is an action
plan for equitable growth of the city, developed
and sustained through participation, to improve
the quality of life for all citizens.
The goals of a City Development Strategy
include a collective city vision and action plan
aimed at improving urban governance and
management, increasing investment to expand
employment and services, and systematic and
sustained reductions in urban poverty.
What is a City Development Strategy?
CDS places the city, rather than the country or
state, as the focus of analysis and planning
CDS helps take stock of a city’s endowment
CDS helps a city understand its prospects for
economic growth and poverty reduction
… with this understanding ...
CDS should address policy issues and options
What is a City Development Strategy?
CDS, in contrast to a master plan, …
 enables an on-going participation by critical
mass of stakeholders, including the poor
 aims to optimize city resources for growth
and development, rather than merely
investments and physical layout
 helps the city, its leadership and civil society,
to manage the flows of resources and trade
in a global marketplace
What is a City Development Strategy?
CDS outcomes include:
• policy and institutional reforms
• investment programs
• monitoring mechanisms for :
 economic growth
 poverty reduction
 local government performance
The CDS Process ?
Many ways are possible, but five phases are
common :
1. Identify and mobilize stakeholders
2. Conduct analysis/assessment, create vision
3. Formulate a strategy and priority actions
4. Stage implementation with indicators
5. Monitor and follow up
Monitor and
Follow Up
Mobilise Stakeholders
5
1
2
4
Implementation
3
Strategy and
Action Plans
Assessment and
Analysis
Mobilise stakeholders
Begin the process by identifying stakeholders that
have an interest in the city :
people, businesses, organisations of the informal sector,
different Govt.depts., utilities, educational institutions,
residents associations, organised community groups, the
poor . . . .
Mobilise with a process of collective deliberation
and organise an effort to plan collectively with
broad consultation from citizens groups and
business groups
Assessment - state of the city/region
A good assessment should reflect the unique attributes
of the urban region :

Its comparative and competitive advantages

The values and preferences of its residents

Its relationship to the global, domestic, and subnational economies

Its physical characteristics
Examples
•
Kigali, Rwanda
•
Ulaan Baatar (http://ulaanbaatar.net)
•
Changsha, Zhuzhou & Xiangtan (www.townsfuture.com)
Vision (10-20 years)
Characteristics of a good vision
 Futuristic and visionary, but REALISTIC
 Looks long term (10 years or more) but motivates
short term action
 Easy to understand
 Indicates roles for many key stakeholders, not
just local governments
Examples
•
Johannesburg (www.joburg.org.za/joburg_2030)
•
Olongapocity (www.olongapocity.gov.ph)
Strategy – focused on results and accountability
Characteristics of a good strategy







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Must identify priorities
Involves tough choices: NOTHING IS OF EQUAL IMPORTANCE
Is realistic, but challenging
Limited number of actions with high probability of producing
results
Mixes means
Clearly identifies institutional responsibilities and provides
incentives for performance
Not solely based on voluntary cooperation
Flexible and revisable: reflecting environmental changes
Examples
•
Sofia (www.sofia.bg)
Implementation plan (with monitoring system)
Characteristics of a good implementation plan
 What, when, how much, whose resources by year
 Expected impacts and indicators of achievement
 Monitoring and assessment system
 Identify negotiation - conflict resolution process among agencies
/ stakeholders
Examples
•
Johannesburg (www.goafrica.co.za/joburg)
Monitor and
Follow Up
Mobilise Stakeholders
5
1
2
4
Implementation
3
Strategy and
Action Plans
Assessment and
Analysis
5
Monitor and
Follow Up
2
1
Mobilise Stakeholders
Implementation
4
Strategy and
Action Plans
3
Assessment and
Analysis
Critical Factors of Success
Success in processes . . .
 Receptivity of stakeholders to consensus-building
and reform agenda
 Agree procedures of stakeholder participation and
decision-making
 Effective civic leadership, often focused on a mayor
 Start early on institutionalisation of process
Critical Factors of Success
Success in analysis . . . .
 Use local, and appropriate data and simple,
applicable analytical tools
 Use analytical capacity and capabilities within
the stakeholder group
 Complexity of very large places poses very
difficult problems; start small
Critical Factors of Success
Success in the product . . . .
a CDS should . . .
 Link city to macro-economic environment and
national policy.
 Utilize studies in local decisions
(e.g., poverty assessments)
 Publicise and ratify plans and completed projects
 Line up financing beforehand.
 Build long-term partnership assistance
What are core criteria for undertaking a CDS?
 Government commitment and approval
 Linkage to investment follow-up
 Partnerships
 Co-financing
 Coherence of efforts
 City-wide and nation-wide scales of action
 Potential for institutionalisation and
replication
What can a city achieve with a CDS?
 A shared vision and strategy for the City which
enables and encourages everyone to work together
for a better collective future, based on a sense of
shared interests
 Increased job creation, investment and economic
development
 A link between grant-funded urban development
cooperation and investment follow-up
 Real opportunities for the poor to build their assets
and incomes
 The active involvement of the private sector
 The mobilisation of global commitment, knowledge
and resources
What can a city achieve with a CDS?
 Effective ways to engage the poor to incorporate this
potential into planning, budgeting and action
 A coordinated, cross-sectoral and strategic approach
by all public, private and community stakeholders
 Mechanisms to coordinate agencies and donors
 Reduction of lending risks and an improved lending
climate (clear and achievable strategy, associated
action plans and commitment of key stakeholders,
reduces investment risks by sending a very positive
signal to investors)
 A real focus on results and outcomes
The Cities
A l l i a n c e
A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP
WITH CITIES TO MEET
THE CHALLENGE OF
PRO-POOR POLICIES AND
PROSPEROUS CITIES
WITHOUT SLUMS
www.citiesalliance.org