Transcript Energy is the ability to do work. Which of these is not a form of energy? electrical light heat friction.

Energy is the ability to do work.
Which of these is not a
form of energy?
electrical
light
heat
friction
Electro
magnetism
90˚
Copper
Magnetic
Field
wire
Electro
magnetism
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Magnetic
Field
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Electro
magnetism
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Electromagnet
permanent magnet
The Speaker
Coil
paper cone
Splitting a magnet.
The Earth is a magnet.
The Law of
Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed.
E=
2
mx C
Matter can be converted
into energy.
Energy given off when
there is a change in the
nucleus of atoms.
Electrical Energy
the force of moving
electrons.
Electrical Energy (electricity)
energy resulting from the force
between two objects having
different voltages.
Voltage
The
potential
energy of the
electrons in
a circuit.
Current
The
amount of
electrons
flowing in
a circuit.
Resistance
How much the circuit
impedes the flow of
electrons.
Electricity
filament
Electricity - electrons moving through a
metal wire.
D.C.
Direct Current
A.C.
Alternating Current
Atomic Absorption
Atomic Emission
Magic is technology that is
not understood.
Flame test
A television is an Electron Gun
Generating an Electric Field
with dc voltage
+
-
+ 9V
Generating an Electric Field
dc voltage
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+
-
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+ 9V
Static electricity
Static
Electricity
when a material
has an excess or
a lack of
electrons.
A Capacitor holds a charge
on its plates.
Electrical Energy
Induction
Thermocouple
(copper & nickel or
copper & iron)
Circuits
Series Parallel
Switch 1
Switch 2
Lamp 1
Lamp 2
Short circuit
Coil tube
‘
El Motor
Wire coil
(covered with glue)
Wood shtick
Wire ends (stripped)
Foil (glued onto bottom half of stick)
Motor Box
Magnets
Foil (through bottom of holes)
Circuit Board
Integrated circuits
On a hot day, Jenny walked home with a bag of chocolate
chips. When she arrived the chocolate chips had melted in
the bag. Why did they melt?
Heat transferred from the chocolate chips to the
bag.
Heat evaporated from the bag to the chocolate
chips.
Heat transferred from the environment to the
chocolate chips.
Heat condensed from her hand to the chocolate
chips.
Energy appears in many forms. What
form of energy is lightning?
electrical energy
mechanical energy
magnetic energy
sound energy
A glass of water kept at room
temperature long enough will become
empty because
water molecules slowly leak through the
walls of the glass.
water molecules move into the air as gas
molecules.
water left in a glass starts to boil and
becomes a gas.
water slowly combines with oxygen to
become carbon dioxide.
Water that flows from behind a large dam
can cause machines to produce electricity.
What change takes place?
Heat energy changes into mechanical
energy.
Sound energy changes into electrical
energy.
Chemical energy is used to produce
electrical energy.
Mechanical energy is used to produce
electrical energy
When ice cream is left out of the
freezer on a table for a long time,
it melts. This change in state is
caused by the
ice cream absorbing heat.
ice cream giving up heat.
air absorbing heat.
table absorbing heat
People in many places in California
produce their electricity from wind
energy. Which must be true about the
winds in these places in California?
The winds are cold.
The winds blow very little.
The winds blow most of the time.
The winds blow mostly in the
morning.
A block of ice on a glass plate is put on a
metal shelf in a freezer. Which could cause
the ice to change to liquid water?
putting a fan that blows on the ice inside
the closed freezer
raising the temperature inside the freezer
wrapping a blanket around the ice inside
the freezer
putting the ice directly on the metal shelf
inside the freezer
When water boils in a pan on a hot
burner, heat gets to the water
mainly by…
conduction of heat through the
pan.
radiation of heat through the pan.
reflection of heat from the burner.
absorption of heat from the air in
the room
When a hair dryer is being used, one of
the energy transformations that takes
place is
electrical to chemical.
electrical to mechanical.
mechanical to electrical.
chemical to electrical
When electrical energy is "used" by an
electric light, what really happens to the
energy?
It is given off as other forms of energy.
It changes to matter.
It stops at the electric light.
It disappears
To pull up a bucket of water from a
well, George pulled hard on a
handle to wind up a rope. Which
kind of energy was George
applying to the handle?
chemical energy
frictional energy
potential energy
mechanical energy
Josie sees lightning off in the
distance. A few seconds later she
hears thunder. What can Josie
conclude?
Sound waves do not travel long
distances.
Light waves travel faster than sound
waves.
Sound waves are weaker than light
waves.
Light waves last longer than sound
Mariam's mother had an ultrasound to see the baby growing inside of her. Which statement explains how ultrasound works?
A special cream is heated and placed on her mother's stomach area, which produces an image on a computer.
A fluorescent light is used to transmit light waves into her mother's body, which produce an image on a computer.
Sound waves are sent into her mother's body, which reflect off of the baby and produce an image on a computer.
A type of medicine is injected into her mother, which causes an image of the baby to be produced on a computer
Mariam's mother had an ultrasound to see the baby growing inside of her. Which statement explains how ultrasound works?
A special cream is heated and placed on her mother's stomach area, which produces an image on a computer.
A fluorescent light is used to transmit light waves into her mother's body, which produce an image on a computer.
Sound waves are sent into her mother's body, which reflect off of the baby and produce an image on a computer.
A type of medicine is injected into her mother, which causes an image of the baby to be produced on a computer
----------How do microwaves cook food?
by using electromagnetic waves and the process of radiation
by using forced hot air currents through the process of convection
by using the movement of charged particles through the process of induction
by using direct contact of moving particles through the process of conduction
Energy and Its Transformation
S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy.
d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space
(radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).
d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation).
In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).
8/18/2008
Gasoline, wood, water behind a dam, and a boulder on the edge of a cliff all represent
some form of potential energy. What form of potential energy do gasoline and wood
have in common?
heat
light
chemical
mechanical
Energy and Its Transformation
S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy.
a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy.
a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy.
8/18/2008
On a cold, winter day, Sheena rubs her
hands together. Stored chemical energy
is transformed into mechanical energy.
Due to the Law of Conservation of
Energy some of the energy is also
transformed into
heat energy.
light energy.
solar energy.
kinetic energy.
Predict the energy transformation
that occurs when Carson sands a
piece of wood with sandpaper.
chemical energy to heat energy
heat energy to mechanical energy
mechanical energy to heat energy
mechanical energy to chemical
energy
Which type of energy involves the
movement of charged particles?
heat
sound
electrical
mechanical
In the simple act of lighting a match, chemical
energy stored in the match head is transformed
into heat and light. What is true about this energy
transformation?
Most of the energy is lost when the match is
struck.
New energy in the form of light and heat is created
when the match is struck.
All of the potential chemical energy is transformed
into heat and light energy.
Some of the chemical energy is transformed into
heat and light and the rest is converted into matter.
For a snack, Bill and Mary heated milk in a pot
on the stove for hot chocolate and popped
some popcorn in the microwave oven. How did
they transfer heat energy to make these
snacks?
heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by
radiation
heating milk by radiation; popping popcorn by
convection
heating milk by conduction; popping popcorn
by radiation
heating milk by convection; popping popcorn
by conduction
K
°C
°F
Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit
373.15
273.15
0
-273.15
1000
-459.67
212
32
Cool Liquid
Hot Liquid
Thermal Expansion
As a substance is heated,
it occupies more space.
Expansion joints
Bi-metallic strip
two layers of different metals.
Brass: a = 19 x 10-6 C-1
Steel:
a = 11 x 10-6 C-1
Thermal Expansion
HEAT
Joe put a cheeseburger sealed in a plastic
bag into the microwave, without much air in
the bag. After it cooked, the bag was full of
air. Where did the air come from?
It came from the fan in the microwave.
It came out of the cheeseburger.
It was already in the bag and it expanded as
it was heated.
It came from a chemical reaction whereby
energy from the microwave creates O2 molecules.
Electromagnetic
radiation
11/6/2015
69
In which state of matter are
molecules in contact with each
other but free to move around?
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A substance has
molecules moving at
different velocities in
different directions,
and colliding into
each other and their
container.
Thermal Energy
The kinetic energy
of all the molecules
of a substance.
Temperature
The average speed of the
molecules of a substance.
Heat
Transfer of
thermal energy.
The bulb of a thermometer is placed in
your mouth. Which of the following
explains why the level of the liquid
rises in the thermometer?
Hot air rises inside the
thermometer.
Heat energy changes into light
energy.
The liquid expands when heated.
Heat can change a solid into a
liquid.
Most events in the universe
involve some form of
energy transfer.
Energy transfer
turning energy from one
form, into another.
The major reason for burning gasoline in
an automobile engine is to convert
chemical energy to mechanical energy.
kinetic energy to potential energy.
radiation to electrical energy.
thermal energy to electrical energy.
A light bulb changes electrical energy
into
light energy only.
heat and mechanical energy.
light and heat energy.
light and mechanical energy.
Conductor
Something that allows
thermal energy to pass easily
Metal
Water
Glass
Insulator
Something that does
NOT allow
thermal energy
to pass easily
Insulator
Something that
does NOT
allow thermal
energy to pass
easily.
Conduction the transfer of
thermal energy/electrons
when objects contact each
other.
collisions
of atoms
Which of the following best explains
why the end of a spoon sticking out
of a cup of hot water also gets hot?
The hot water causes a chemical
reaction to take place in the spoon.
The heat from the hot water is
conducted to the spoon handle.
The hot water heats the air
surrounding the upper part of the
spoon.
The hot water causes a physical
change in the spoon handle
Convection
Heating, due to the
upward current of
hotter material.
Convection
Atmospheric CONVECTION
causes Hurricanes and
Tornadoes.
Convection
Which of the following is an example of
heat transfer by convection?
A hot wood stove heats an entire room.
The handle of a pot that is being heated
becomes warm.
A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea becomes
warm.
The coils of a toaster become red.
When it is very hot in his room, Stuart makes it
cooler by opening both the top and the bottom of
his window. Which statement best explains why
this works?
Air comes in the top to cool the ceiling and in the
bottom to cool the floor.
Cooler air comes in the bottom and warm air
goes out through the top.
Warmer air goes out through both the bottom
and top.
It does not make any difference because if there
is no wind, the air will not come in.
Radiation
the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves (photons),
through space.
When light rays hit a material, the
molecules in that material move
faster.
Radiation
the transfer of
energy by
electromagnetic
waves, through
space.
When sand absorbs the
electromagnetic waves of the
Sun, it becomes warm through
the process of
conduction.
convection.
radiation.
evaporation.
In which situation has heat energy
moved mainly by conduction
through matter?
A radiator heated with hot water warms a
room.
The person sitting closest to the blazing fire
finds it necessary to move farther from the
heat.
The handle of a cast iron skillet being used to
cook something becomes too hot to touch.
The red-hot coil of an electric space heater is
used to keep a small room warm.
Which BEST
explains how the
food on the stove
is being heated?
conduction
convection
interaction
radiation
Which of the following is an example of
heat transfer by convection?
A hot wood stove heats an entire room.
The handle of a pot that is being heated
becomes warm.
A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea becomes
warm.
The coils of a toaster become red.
When ice cream is left out of the
freezer on a table for a long time, it
melts. This change in state is caused
by the
ice cream giving up heat.
air absorbing heat.
ice cream absorbing heat.
table absorbing heat.
What is the process by which heat
energy gets to Earth from the
Sun?
conduction
radiation
subduction
convection
Patti used a steel wrench to work on her
bicycle on a hot, sunny day. She left the
wrench on the hot concrete for an hour, then
returned, to find the wrench very hot to
touch. What is the BEST explanation for how
the wrench got so hot?
Heat transferred from the wrench to the air.
Heat transferred from the bicycle to the
wrench.
Heat transferred from the wrench to the
concrete.
Heat transferred from the concrete to the
wrench.
Specific Heat
For a given substance,
How much energy it takes to
increase the temperature of
1Kg by 1˚ C.
High for conductors
Low for insulators
1.00 Kg
26
25
Through which of the
following materials does heat
travel the fastest?
glass
metal
plastic
wood
Beaker X contains 100 milliliters of water
and Beaker Y contains 250 milliliters of
water. Each beaker is heated on a hot
plate at the same medium heat setting for
five minutes. Which is the best prediction
of the water temperature in the beakers?
Beaker X will have the highest temperature.
Beaker Y will have the highest temperature.
Beaker X and Beaker Y will have the same
temperature.
Beaker Y will have a temperature of 150°F.
Suppose you had four spoons the same
size and shape made out of glass, plastic,
steel, and wood. Which spoon handle
would get hot the quickest when the
spoons are placed in a pan of hot water?
the glass spoon
the plastic spoon
the steel spoon
the wooden spoon
Burt's mother asked him to use a
spoon to stir the stew that was
cooking on the stove. Which
spoon will stay the coolest while
he stirs?
an iron spoon
an aluminum spoon
a wooden spoon
a silver spoon
Chemical Reaction (change)
when new substances
are produced.
Bonds ARE broken.
Chemical Energy
energy stored in the
bonds of molecules.
Fuel
Molecule that stores
chemical energy in its
bonds.
Which of the following is an
example of chemical energy?
A baseball moving from the
pitcher to the catcher
A rock sitting on the top of a large
hill
A pendulum at the top of its swing
A new flashlight battery
Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and
coal have what kind of energy?
Mechanical energy
Chemical energy
Electrical energy
Nuclear energy
A burning candle is in the process of
transforming
heat energy into chemical energy.
chemical energy into light and heat.
chemical energy into mechanical
energy.
chemical energy into nuclear energy.
The potential and kinetic
energy of an object.
Mechanical energy
Kinetic
Potential
Potential energy
the energy of a stored position.
Elastic
Potential
Gravitational
Potential
Potential energy
the energy stored in
a position or state.
The potential energy
of an object’s pull on
another object.
The energy of
an object that is
defrmed under
tension or
compression.
A car stopped at the top of a ramp
has
heat energy.
potential energy.
kinetic energy.
mechanical energy.
Which situation is an example of
increasing potential energy?
pulling a wagon uphill
emptying a bucket of water
A cat jumping from a tree
A bicyclist stopping at a stop sign
energy of the
motion of an object.
=mx
2
2
V
m = mass
V = velocity
The location on the track
where the train has the
greatest potential
Kinetic energy is
Kinetic energy
energy of a moving object.
When does a toy race car
have kinetic energy?
rolling down a hill
sitting on a shelf
upside down on the floor
in the toybox with the lid closed
Bill pulls a rubber band tight to shoot a piece
of paper. At the point when the rubber band
is stretched to its maximum, compare and
contrast the amounts of potential and kinetic
energy.
there is no potential or kinetic energy
all potential energy and no kinetic energy
all kinetic energy and no potential energy
equal amounts of potential and kinetic
energy
Which of the following is an
example of kinetic energy?
a child jumping rope
a swimmer ready to dive
a stuffed toy lying on a table
firewood stacked in a fireplace
When a pitcher
throws a
baseball, which
of these has
MOSTLY kinetic
energy?
the pitcher
the ball
the batter
the catcher
People in many places in California
produce their electricity from wind
energy. Which must be true about the
winds in these places in California?
The winds are cold.
The winds blow very little.
The winds blow most of the time.
The winds blow mostly in the
morning.
Which of these best shows
kinetic energy?
Help me
Splat !
A bouncing ball
Kinetic energy
or
Potential energy
?
Kinetic energy
or
Potential energy
?
Kinetic energy
or
Potential energy
?
Kinetic energy
or
Potential energy
?
Travels thru WAVES ? Kinet/Poten
Conservation of energy
Thermodynamics Law 1:
.
Energy is never
created or
destroyed.
When it is transferred, all of the
energy goes somewhere.
When electrical energy is "used"
by an electric light, what really
happens to the energy?
It is given off as other forms of
energy.
It changes to matter.
It stops at the electric light.
It disappears.
A moving bumper car (car 1) collides with
a bumper car at rest (car 2). After the
collision, both cars move. If momentum is
conserved, which statement is correct?
The momentum of car 1 increases and
the momentum of car 2 decreases.
The momentum of car 1 decreases
and the momentum of car 2 increases.
The total momentum of both cars
increases.
The total momentum of both cars
decreases.
Energy may be
changed into other
forms with varying
efficiency.
Efficiency
The amount of energy
that is changed into the
desired form.
In most energy transfers,
some energy is turned into
thermal.
Which of the following could best be
used to demonstrate energy being
transformed from electricity to heat?
A magnifying glass
A triple beam balance
A toaster
A gas oven
Man.
What a
Junky!
LOVE
judging
others.
A bouncing ball
Thermodynamics Law 2:
Thurm Oh Die namm icks
Energy flows from a
higher concentration to a
lower concentration.
It flows from hot to cold.
Disorder tends to increase.
Thermodynamics
Law 3:
If all the thermal
motion of
molecules (kinetic
energy)
could be removed,
absolute zero
would result.
Two jars are placed inside an insulated
box. One jar contains ice water and the
other contains hot soup. What will
happen to the two liquids?
Both the hot soup and the ice water
will gain heat.
Both the hot soup and the ice water
will lose heat.
The hot soup will gain heat and the ice
water will lose heat.
The hot soup will lose heat and the ice
water will gain heat.
Samuel is investigating a
substance to determine what it is
made of. He studies the physical
and chemical properties of the
substance. Which of these
properties of the substance is a
chemical property ?
The melting point of the substance
How easily the substance bends
The density of the substance
How well the substance burns
Ms. Lee heats up a pot of water on her
stove. Water heated up at the bottom of the
pot flows to the top of the pot. The colder
water at the top sinks. As the water moves,
heat flows from the hotter water to the
colder water. Which of the terms describes
this method heat transfer ?
Conduction
Convection
Emission
Radiation
Chou lights a candle and the wax
begins to melt. Which statement
describes the movement of the
particles as the solid candle melts to
a liquid ?
The particles move slower and farther
apart.
The particles move faster and farther
apart.
The particles move faster and closer
together.
The particles move slower and closer
together.
Matt adds 5 grams of vinegar to 7
grams of baking soda in a sealed
container. Then he watches the
chemical reaction. Which of these
predicts the mass of the materials in
the container after the reaction is
complete ?
0 grams
2 grams
12 grams
35 grams
Emily is riding a roller coaster,
which moves up a hill slowly and
then starts to move faster as it
goes towards the bottom of the
hill. Where on the hill will Emily
have the MOST kinetic energy ?
Halfway up the hill.
At the top of the hill.
Halfway down the hill.
At the bottom of the hill.
The ratio of an object’s
mass to its volume
is its
Area
Density
Perimeter
Torque
Some people think that the solution to
coal, gas, and oil shortages is to use
electricity. What is the biggest problem
with this solution?
Most electricity is produced from coal,
gas, or oil.
If we switch over to electricity, many
people will lose their jobs.
It is impossible to build electric cars in
great quantities.
Electricity is far too expensive.
Diving into the ocean, as you go
deeper, the water gets colder
because
the saltiest water is always
coldest and sinks to the bottom.
there are no waves or wind to
mix the hot and cold water.
warm water is less dense than
cold water, so it stays on top.
there are fewer fish and other
animals to warm the deep water.
Jupiter has more mass than Earth.
Which of these statements would
be true about the force of gravity
on Rubin, if he were able to visit
Jupiter ?
It would be
It would be
on Jupiter
It would be
It would be
Zero on Jupiter
smaller, but not zero,
the same on Jupiter
larger in Jupiter
© 2008
Jacob (Cowboy) Israel
All rights reserved
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