Transcript Harmonized Research on ITS UNECE ITC: ITS Roundtable Geneva Feb 18, 2004 Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Director, Standards Research and Development Road Safety and.

Harmonized Research on ITS
UNECE ITC: ITS Roundtable
Geneva
Feb 18, 2004
Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE
Director, Standards Research and Development
Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate
Transport Canada
Transport Canada
Outline
 The safety risks of in-vehicle ITS
 Governments’ role and challenges
 International Harmonized Research Agenda
 IHRA and WP.29 liaison
Standards R&D, Transport Canada
Of all transportation-related
fatalities, 94% are on the road
Road
Air
Marine
Rail
WHO estimates 1,171,000 deaths annually
costing $2,342,000,000,000
Standards R&D, Transport Canada
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Focus on Human Error
(Treat et al. 1977)
100
90
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10
0
Probable
Definite
Human Factors
Road & Env.
Vehicle
Standards R&D, Transport Canada
Intelligent Transport Systems
Positioning & tracking
Digital maps
Telecommunications
Microprocessors
Image processors
Information databases
Traffic management
Traffic monitoring
Smart cards
Automated aids
Transportation objectives
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Reduce congestion
Improve safety
Increase efficiency
Improve comfort
Improve transit
services
• Reduce fuel
consumption
• Reduce emissions
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Intelligent Automobiles
 In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS)
- compete with driving task:
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telecommunications and infotainment systems (e.g., email, Internet access), navigation systems
 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
- support driving task:
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collision warning systems, adaptive cruise control, lane
departure warning, lane change aids, and parking aids.
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ITS Safety, or IS IT?
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ITS technology is safety neutral Its implementation is safety critical
Driving Task
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ITS
+
Collisions
Safety impact depends largely on the
extent to which the system supports
users’ needs, and is compatible with
human capabilities and limitations
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Government’s Role
 Encourage technologies that are likely to
have safety benefits
 Discourage technologies that are likely to
have an adverse effect on safety
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Direct Safety Risks - IVIS
 Driver distraction
 Driver overload
 Driver confusion
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Human Causes of Crashes (NHTSA, 1995)
Distraction
23%

Errors of
Situation
Awareness4
3%
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Obstructed
Vision 5%
Excessive
Speed 6%
Inattention
19%
Roadway
Surface 6%
Drunk
8%
Misjudged
gap/velocity 10%
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Driver Distractions
 Visual (eyes off road)
 Manual (hands off wheel)
I was
distracted
for a
moment.
Go on
 Cognitive (mind off
driving)
 Auditory (sounds)
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Sources of Distraction
 Wireless communication (cell phones)
 Navigation system destination entry
 Map and other complex visual displays
 In-vehicle office tasks (e-mail, PDA, Internet)
 Infotainment (location-based services, DVD)
 Warnings from driver assistance systems
 Multifunction displays and controls
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Levels of Driver Assistance
 Information
 Warning
 Active controls (e.g., gas pedal)
 Partial control of vehicle functions
(steering, stop&go)
 Complete control of vehicle
(AHS)
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Direct Safety Risks - ADAS
 Driver distraction
 Driver overload
 Driver confusion
 False or nuisance alarms
 Command effect
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Rationalizing Automation
 Each level has unique safety
issues
 Each level must coexist with other
levels
 Progression from one level to next
is not incremental
– it represents a radical change to
the driving task
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Indirect Safety Risks
 Behavioural adaptation
 Increased exposure
 Loss of skill & negative transfer
 Violation of expectation (by non-users)
 Collision migration (MV to SV, to other
users, etc.)
Standards R&D, Transport Canada
ITS Safety Research Programs
 Europe
• EC FP5: HASTE
• EC FP6: eSafety, AIDE, PReVENT, HUMANIST
• France, UK, Germany (ADAM), Netherlands
 North America
• CAMP, IVI, SAVE-IT
 Japan
• ASV
 Australia
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Key Challenges for Government
 Traditional policy paradigms not suitable:
• Design cycle shorter than policy cycle
• Technology is diversifying rapidly
• Behavioural science lags technology
 Integration by consumer, not industry
 Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid
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Need for New Paradigm
 Driver-system integration must be an integral
part of motor transport system development.
This has implications for:
• System design
• Regulatory policy
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Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):
International Harmonized Research Activities
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Australia
Canada
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Japan
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the Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
U.K.
U.S.A.
EC
EEVC
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ESV: IHRA Working Groups
 Active safety
• Intelligent Transport Systems
 Passive safety
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Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection
Pedestrian Safety
Biomechanics
Vehicle Compatibility
Side Impact
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IHRA-ITS : Objectives
 to coordinate international policy-oriented research
to minimize the potential adverse consequences of
on-board ITS technologies.
 to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of
in-vehicle information, control and communication
systems.
 to provide an international view of the state of
research into understanding the safety impact of
driver workload and distraction.
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Aspects of System Safety
1. System Reliability
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Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for malfunction and
the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode.
2. Human Machine Interaction (HMI)
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Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface, definition of
dialogue between the user and the system.
3. Overall Traffic System
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The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.
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Summary of Activities
 Conceptual Framework
 Workshops
 Survey of current research
 Priority Projects
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IHRA ITS Priority Projects
1. Development of a harmonized safety evaluation
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
methodology framework
Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems
Human factors principles checklist
Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior
Simulator reference test scenarios
Improved secondary task methodology for evaluating
safety effects of driver workload
Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety
measures
Standards R&D, Transport Canada
Importance of ITS Safety Research
 Elaborates the role of governments with
respect to ITS safety
 ITS safety is currently unregulated;
therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for
harmonized policies based on shared
scientific understanding of the issues
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IHRA-WP.29 Liaison
 IHRA research focus
• Summarize state of knowledge
• Coordinate joint research
• Develop test procedures
 WP.29 regulatory focus
• Identify regulatory needs and priorities.
 IHRA could coordinate the regulatory development
research needed to support WP.29 work program
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