Transcript Country Analysis, Statistical and Policy Template – how do the pieces fit together? UNICEF GLOBAL STUDY ON CHILD POVERTY AND DISPARITIES Sharmila Kurukulasuriya Policy and Practice,

Country Analysis, Statistical and
Policy Template – how do the
pieces fit together?
UNICEF GLOBAL STUDY ON CHILD
POVERTY AND DISPARITIES
Sharmila Kurukulasuriya
Policy and Practice, June 2008
Agenda
 Child Poverty Approach
 Policy Template
 Statistical Template
 Using Data to inform Policy
What do we mean by child poverty?
Model A. Child poverty = overall poverty
E.g. World Bank: $1 a day per person
Model B. Child poverty = poverty of households with children
E.g. OECD: children in hholds <50% of median income
Model C. Child poverty = the ‘flip side’ of child well-being
E.g. Bradshaw & al. composite indices
Advantages of a three-part approach
Connects, complements (and challenges, forces to ‘re-think?’)
different poverty conceptualizations – from a child perspective
Considers the many actors and influences that simultaneously impact
a child’s life
Thinks multisectorally - how do policies and trends at different levels
interact?
Fosters partnerships - how can interventions at different levels be
complementary rather than competitive or disruptive
A: national/macro
A-C B: household/
micro
C: individual child
C-B
“Not everything that can be counted
counts, and not everything that counts
can be counted.”
Albert Einstein
Policy Template
PART A: Context, Macroeconomics and Fiscal Space
 Key contextual factors
 National Poverty Reduction and/or development strategy
PART B: Policy Objectives, implementation, declared responsibilities,
resources:
 to support access, use, equity and efficacy of:
•Child Nutrition
• Health services for children and women
• Child protection
• Education services
 to prevent/mitigate impact of risk/adversity and disadvantage through:
• Family/household income and/or employment support
PART C: National Programme Inventory – including public private
partnerships aimed at supporting outcomes by improving:
 access to and use, equity and efficacy of social services
 protection from risk, adversity and chronic poverty
Statistical Template
Follows the proposed country analysis outline:
• Chapter 1 - Children and Development
• Chapter 2 - Poverty and Children
• Chapter 3 - Pillars of Well-being
• Chapter 4 - A Strategy for Results
At three levels of analysis:
• National/sub-national (region, residence)
• Household and community (income poverty, size, work)
• Individual characteristics (nutrition deprived, education deprived)
Statistical Template (example-part 3)
Five outcome areas and 20 indicators proposed to look at
disparities by subnational/household/child correlates
1.Nutrition:
 Child nutrition (stunting, wasting, underweight) and its correlates
2.Health:
 Young child health (diorrhoea, ORT, fever, pneumonia
treatment) and correlates
 Adolescent health (HIV knowledge, counseling coverage on
MCT) and correlates
3.Child protection:
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
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
Birth registration and its correlates
Orphanhood, vulnerability and its correlates
Child labour (total, paid) and its correlates
Early marriage (before 15 and 18) and its correlates
4.Education:
 Net primary school attendance and correlates
5.Social Protection/income:
 Women covered by health insurance
 Children receiving free medical supplies
Child Outcomes and the Policy Process
Child and
gender equality
outcomes
Statistical Template
Descriptive and evidencebased analysis of child
poverty and disparities in
outcomes
Child and gender
equality policy
effort
Policy Template
Anthropometric failure and breastfeeding practices in Tajikistan
Nutritional status by breastfeeding pattern for children less than 18 months
35
30
25
20
Exclusively or partially
breastfed
15
Fully weaned
10
5
0
Wasted
Underweight
Stunted
Source: MICS 2005 and Angela Baschieri and Jane Falkingham (University of
Southampton), 2007
Breastfeeding practices in Tajikistan
 Most women in Tajikistan stop exclusively breastfeeding and switch to
a mix feeding pattern relatively early
 Amongst children aged 6-23 months under 5 percent are either
‘exclusively’ or ‘almost exclusively’ breastfed.
 As a result many children are exposed to the risk of poor nutrition and
associated adverse developmental consequences.
Is family land ownership an effective policy against
child malnutrition? (results of multivariate analysis)
 They control for children age (months), region, mother education,
wealth quintile, ethnicity, sanitation, household access to land,
ownership of livestock
 They found that children living in a households with access to land
have higher probability of being underweight that those without access
to land
Child Outcomes and the Policy Process
Policies:
• What goals are set for improving child outcomes? Relevant Laws?
Government expenditure? Are existing interventions reaching the poor?
Outcomes:
• Who are the disadvantaged children? What about disparities in
outcomes and service/benefit use?
Causality:
• What are the principal barriers that prevent services and benefits from
reaching the poor? What decision making power do women have in the
family or household? Impact on child outcomes?
Strategy:
• Is the evidence on policy limitations sufficient to propose alternative
policies? Which providers and decision makers are in the best position
to do more? Scaling up of interventions? Inter-sectoral arrangements?